1、八年级上册英语知识点总结doc八年级上册英语语法、短语和常识点总结Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?本单元的论题: 议论假日活动内容,温习一般曩昔时。本单元的语法: 1. 温习一般曩昔时; 2. 学习不定代词和不定副词的用法。1. 本单元呈现的 动词不规则曩昔式有:isam-was 是 are - were 是 go-went 去 buy bought 买 take -took 拿走dodoes did feed fed 喂 see saw 看见 eat ate 吃 havehas had 有,吃feel felt 感觉 ride rode 骑 get g
2、ot 抵达 , 得到 cancould 能,会forget forgot 忘掉 drink drank 喝 find found 找到2. 不定代词和不定副词的用法:some bodyany one every thingno where (疑问副词)不定代词和不定副词(1)左面的 some、any、every 、no 与右边的 body、one、thing 构成不定代词 ,some、any、every 、no 与右边的疑问副词 where 构成 不定副词 ;(2)一般状况下以 some最初的不定代词和不定副词用于必定句,以 any 最初的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句;以 no 最初的
3、不定代词和不定副词表明否定意义( no one 为两个单词);(3)不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时,形容词放在后边。He has something important to do. 他有重要的作业要做。 (必定句用 something ,形容词 important 放后)Did you buy anything special? (一般疑问句用 anything ,形容词 special 放后)Did you go anywhere interesting last month? 上个月你去令人感兴趣的地方了吗?( 一般疑问句用不定副词 anywhere,形容词 interesting 放
4、后)(4)不定代词和不定副词做 主语 时,后边的动词用 奇数办法 。Everone is here today. 今日每个人都在这儿。本单元的短语和常识点:1.(P1 ,图片) go on vacation 去度假 go to the mountains 上山/ 进山2.(P1 ,1a) stay at home呆在家 go to the beach 去海滩 visit museums参观博物馆 go to summercamp去夏令营 3.(P2 ,2b) study for tests 为考试而学习 备考 go out 出去4.(P2 ,2d) quite a few 相当多, 不少(后跟
5、可数名词复数)He has quite a few friends. 他有不少朋友; take photos 照相 most of the time 大部分时刻5. (P3,语法表格 3 行) buy sth for sb = buy sb sth 为某人买某物My mother bought me a sweater=My mother bought a sweater for me. 我妈妈给我买了一件毛衣。6. (P3,语法表格 4 行) taste good. 尝起来很好taste (尝起来)、look (看起来)、sound(听起来)为感官动词,后跟形容词The food taste
6、s delicious. 这食物味起来十分可口。The T-shirt looks beautiful. 这件体恤衫看起来很美丽。The songs sound beautiful. 这些歌曲听起来很美丽。7. (P3,语法表格 5 行) have a goodgreatfun time 过得高兴,玩得愉快( =enjoy oneself )They had a good time yesterday.= They enjoyed themselves yesterday. 他们昨日玩得很快乐。8.(P3,3a) go shopping 去购物9.(P3,3b,4 行) nothing , b
7、ut+动词原形:除了 , 之外什么都没有He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday. 昨日他在家除了读书无事可做。10.(P3,3b,5 行) seem to do sth: 好像, I seem to know him. 我好像认识他。seem+(to be )+形容词:看起来, The work seems(to be )easy. 这工作看起来很容易。11. (P3,3c)keep a diary 记日记12.(P5,2b,1 行) in+ 大地方:达到某地 (get to + 地方 :达到某地)arrive at+ 小地方:达到某地
8、(get 的过去式为 got)1He arrived in Beijing yesterday. 他昨日抵达北京。若是 arrive 和 get 后跟 home、there 、here 三个 地点副词 ,后面的介词 inatto 必须去掉。Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrived home yesterday evening. 昨夜汤姆到家。13.(P5,2b,2 行) decide to do sth: 决定做某事 He decided to go home. 他决定回家。14.(P5,2b,3 行) try doing sth. 尝试做某事 tr
9、y to do sth. 尽力去做某事The boy tried riding bicycle. 这个小孩试着骑自行车He tried to help the old man. 他极力协助这个老年人。15.(P5,2b,4 行) feel like 给, 的感觉;感受到16.(P5,2b,1 段末行) in the past 在过去 walk around 四处走走enjoy doing sth: 喜爱做某事 He enjoys playing basketball. 他喜爱打篮球。17.(P5,2b,2 段1 行) difference ( 名词,差异,差别 ) - different (
10、形容词,不同的 ) 18.(P5,2b,2 段2 行) start doing sth :开始做某事 (= start to do sth ) He started doing his homework. 他开始做家庭作业。19.(P5,2b,2 段3 行)over an hour 一个多小时 (over 超过,多余 = more than )20.(P5,2b,2 段4 行) too many 太多,后接可数名词复数。Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. 昨日妈妈买了许多鸡蛋。too much 太多,后跟不可数名词,润饰动词作状语。We have to
11、o much work to do. 咱们有许多作业要做。 Dont talk to o much. 不要说太多。much too 太,后跟形容词或副词 The hat is much too big for me. 这帽子对我来说太大。Youre walking much too fast . 你走地太快了。分辩三者的口诀: too much, much too, 用法差异看后头 :much 后接不可数 ,too 后润饰形或副。too many 要记住,后边名词必复数。21.(P5,2b,2 段 6 行) because of 因为, 后接名词、代词或动名词(即动词 +ing ),不能接句子
12、。because 由于,后跟语句。He cant go to school because of the rain. 他由于下雨没去上学。 (rain 为名词)He was late for school because of get ting up late. 他由于起晚而上学迟到。 (get 为动词)= He was late for school because he got up late.I don t buy the shirt because it was too expensive. 我没有买这件衬衣由于它太贵。22.(P5,2b,2 段8 行) enough(足够的) 与名词
13、连用,一般放在名词前He has enough money. 他有足够的钱。 (money为名词)enough(足够的) 与形容词或副词连用, enough放在后面。He is old enough to go to school. (old 为形容词 )23. (P6,2d, 倒数 4 行) doing sth. 忘掉现已做过某事(现已做完)forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(还未做) (forget 的过去式为 forgot)Do nt foget to close the door. 不要忘掉关上门。(门还未关)He forgot closing the door. 他忘掉
14、现已关上门了。 (门现已关上,可是他忘了)24. (P6,2e,5 行)another+ 数字+可数名词单数或复数 :额外多少某物He ate one apple,he wanted another two apples. 他吃了一个苹果,还想再要两个。25. (P8,self check,2,6 行)so+形容词+that+ 句子 :如此, 以至于,too+ 形容词+to do sth :太, 以至于 不能,形容词+enough to do sth :足够, 能够做某事(注意三个句型有时可以互换)He is so young that he can t go to school. 他如此年青
15、以至于不能去上学。= He is too young to go to school. 他太年青以至于不能去上学。= He isn t old enough to go to school.26. (P8,self check,2,7 行)tell sb (not) to do sth : 告诉某人(不要)做某事My mother often tells us not to play in the street. 我的妈妈常常告知我不要在街上玩。Unit 2 How often do you exercise?2本单元的论题: 议论生活习气,温习一般现在时。本单元的语法: 1. 温习一般现在时
16、; 2. 学习表明频率副词的用法。主要频率副词的等级排序: always( 总是) usually ( 通常) often( 经常) sometimes( 有时) hardlyever( 很少) never( 从不)这些副词在语句中的方位, 一般放在助动词、 be 动词或神态动词之后,行为(实义)动词之前。 即:“行”前“助 ( 系) ”后。 Peter is always late for school. Peter 上学总是迟到。I usually do my homework in the evening. 我一般在晚上做作业。发问 always, sometimes, twice a
17、day 等频率副词,用 How oftenI watch TV every day. 我每天都看电视 How often do you watch TV? ( 你多长时间看一次电视? )本单元的短语和常识点:1.(P9, 图片、1a) on weekends 在周末 go to the movies 去看电影 help with housework 帮助做家务how often 多久一次 hardly ever 几乎从不2.(P10,2a 至 2d) 2a:once a week 每周一次 twice a week 每周两次 every day 每天2c:use the Internet 用互
18、联网 2d: be free 有空 Are you free on weekends? 你周末有空吗?swing dance 摇摆舞 have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈和钢琴课 play tennis 打网球How about, ? , 怎么样? / , 好不好?(后跟名词 代词V-ing )( 用来提出意见或征求对方建议 )I like apple s,how about you ? 我喜欢苹果,你呢?( apple, 名词,苹果) (how about =what about)How about going shopping this afternoon ?今
19、日下午去购物怎么样?( go 为动词)3.(P11, 语法表格)go shopping 购物 4. (P11 ,3b)after school 放学后5. (P11,3a) stay up late 熬夜 at least 至少 go to bed early 早点睡觉 play sports 进行体育活动6.(P12 ,1b) want sth :需要某物 He wants a new pen. 他想要一支新钢笔。want to do sth : 想做某事 He wants to watch TV after school. 放学后他想去看电视。want sb to do sth : 让或人
20、做某事 My mother wants me get up early. 妈妈让我早上。7.(P12 ,1b) be good for 对, 有好处 be bad for 对, 有害处Swimming is good for our health. 游水对咱们的健康有优点。Watching TV is bad for our eyes. 看电视对咱们的眼睛有坏处。8. (P13 ,2a) play computer games 打电子游戏 go camping 去野营9.(P13 ,2b,1 行) ask sb about sth :问某人某事My parents often ask me a
21、bout my study. 我的爸爸妈妈常常问我的学习状况。10. (P13 ,2b,1 段1 行) in one s spare time 在某人业余时间He studies English in his spare time. 他在业余时刻学习英语。11.(P13 ,2b)”数字+percent of+ 名词”做主语时,后面的单词取决于名词的情况。若名词为复数,后面的动词用复数办法;若名词为奇数或不可数名词,后边的动词用奇数办法。In our class ,twenty of students are boys. 在咱们班,百分之二十的 学生 为男生。Thirty of water is
22、 dirty. 百分之三十的 水 是脏的。12.(P13 ,2b,2 段3 行) not , at all : 一点儿也不 (not 构成否定句)I d o nt like the movie at all. 我一点也不喜爱这部电影。13.(P13 ,2b,3 段)go online 上网 14. (P13 ,2b,4 段) the most popular 最受欢迎的15. (P13 ,2b,3 段) the answer to+ 名词 :, 的答案 the answer to the question 这个问题的答案although ( 虽然) 不能与 but 连用,但可以与 yet ,s
23、till 连用。Although it is dark ,they are still working. 尽管天黑了,但他们仍在作业。 Although he is old ,he is quite strong. 他尽管年纪大了,但身体很强健。16.(P13 ,2b,5 段1 行) the (best) way to do sth: 做某事的 ( 最好) 方式The best way to learn English is speaking English. 学习英语的最好办法是说英语 .17.(P13 ,2b,5 段2 行) such as 比如 (后跟名词或名词短语) for examp
24、le 例如(后跟句子)He likes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so on. 他喜爱生果,例如苹果、香蕉等。He has some good ways to study English,for example ,he often listens to tapes. 他有许多好的办法学习英语,例如,他常常听磁带。318.(P13 ,2b,5 段4 行) old habits die hard 旧习难改。19.(P15 ,3a) more than (=over) 超过,多余 go to the dentist 去看牙医Unit 3 Im more ou
25、tgoing than my sister.本单元的论题: 议论事物比照,学习形容词比较级。本单元的语法: 学习形容词比较级。(语法:见讲义第 113 页至 115页)本单元呈现的形容词和副词的 比较级 有:long longer ( 长的) tall-taller ( 高的) fast faster ( 更快) funny funnier (更有趣 )friendly friendlier (更友好) early earlier (更早) lazy lazier ( 更懒惰 )high higher ( 更高) hardharder ( 更努力 ) quiet quieter (更安静,更内
26、向) ,smart smarter (更聪明) loud louder (更响亮) goodwell-better ( 更好)manymuchmore ( 更多) popular more popular (更受欢迎 ) loudly more loudly (更响亮)outgoing-more outgoing ( 更外向 / 更开朗 ) hard-working more hard-working (更努力)clearly more clearly (更清楚) serious more serious (更严厉)形容词和副词的比较级解说 :1. 比较级表示两个人或物的比较。所用的句型为“
27、比较级+than ”(比, 更, ) ,若 than 前后所使用的的动词相一同,一般用助动词替代后边的动词,后边的动词或助动词能够省掉。留意比较的对象有必要性质相同。I am taller than my brother. 我比我的弟弟高。He is more outgoing than me. 他比我外向。2. 比较级前,可以用 much(更, ,多得多, ) ,a lot (更, ,多得多, ) ,even (更, ,多得多, ) ,a little( 稍微) 来表示程度。 I am a little thinner than my sister. 我比我的妹妹稍微瘦。She is muc
28、h more beautiful than her sister. 她比她的妹妹更漂亮。本单元的短语和常识点:1.(P17, 图片)play+the + 乐器 play the drums 打鼓both , and, 两者都 ( 后面的动词用复数形式 ) Both Tom and Jim are students. 汤姆和吉姆都是学生。2.(P18,2d) the singing competition 歌咏比赛 the most important 最重要的3. (P20,1a)be good at+ 名词 代词V ing : 擅长,在某方面做得好He is good at math . 他
29、擅长数学( math 为名词) I am good at play ing basketball. 我擅长打篮球。 (play 为动词 )4. (P20,1a)make sb do sth : 让或人做某事 He makes me help him. 他让我协助他。5. (P20,1b)the same as 与, 相同 His book is the same as my book. 他的书与我的书相同。6. (P20,1b)be talented in sth : 在某方面有天分 He is talented in music. 他在音乐方面有天分。7. (P21,2b,1 段 2 行)b
30、e like : 像, The books are like friends. 书像朋友。8. (P21,2b,1 段)make friends (with sb) :(和某人)交朋友He often makes friends with children. 他常常和孩子们交朋友 .enjoy doing sth : 喜爱做某事 Tom enjoys reading. 汤姆喜爱读书。9. (P21,2b,2 段)be different from 与, 不同 My brother is different from me. 我弟弟与我不相同。10. (P21,2b,2 段)help sb to
31、 (do) sth : 帮助某人做某事常与 help sb with sth( 在某方面帮助某人 ) 互换 He often helps me (to ) learn English. 他常常协助我学习英语。 = He often helps me with my English. 他常常在英语方面协助我。help (to) do sth: 帮助做某事 He often helps ( to )cook at home. 他经常在家帮助做饭。11. (P21,2b,3 段)care about 关怀My parents often care about my study. 我的爸爸妈妈亲常常关怀我的学习 .12. (P22,2d) 比较级表明第一流常用:比较级 +than +the other+ 可数名词复数=比较级+than +any other+ 可数名词单数 (用于一范围内一个与余下进行比较) 例如:He is the tallest student in our class . (第一流)在咱们班他是最高的学生。= He is taller than any other student in our class.4= He is taller than the other
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