翻译入门911A.docx

1、翻译入门911A英汉翻译入门I. Introduction 引言1. Definition of Translation 翻译之定义 七定义 Translating is the art of composing a work in another language without losing its original flavor.-Columbia EncyclopediaTranslating is the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual in another language.

2、-J.C.Cartford 2. Criteria of Translation 翻译之标准The most popular and acclaimed criterion was the three characters as faithfulness ,expressiveness, and elegance or refinement raised by Yan Fu.译书自以能存真为第一要义最好一面极力求不失愿意，一面要译文流畅。-郑振铎duo译者不但要求达意，并且要以传神为目的，译文必须忠于原文之字神句气与言外之意。-林语堂3. Is Translation Easy? He is

3、easily the best student in the class. 他绝对/无疑是班上最好的学生。I cant agree more. 我完全同意。劳累-hard labor 苦工-hard workDo you have a family? 你有孩子了吗？4. Literal Translation vs. Liberal TranslationWasted and withering years 蹉跎岁月Just to reap easy-to-reach profit 坐收近水楼台之利He bent solely upon profit 他这个人唯利是图。It indeed ma

4、kes a good story.真是无巧不成书。She is in love with him.她暗恋他。Commit no nuisance.禁止在此小便。I cant help it.我没辙，没法。I found myself at the foot of a hill.我发现自己来到了一座小山脚。People want to buy more birds than I have.人们想买光我所有的鸟。岂有此理。This is outrageous.不要嫁祸于人。Dont shift the misfortune onto another.趣味横生。Full of wit and int

5、erest.他这个人从来不管什么三七二十一。He is a person always casting all caution to the winds.5. Translatability比赛中我们赢了对手。We beat/defeat our rival in the contest.教师答应她请假三天。The teacher agreed she could have three days leave.他想要一台冰箱，但他目前没有钱买。He wants a refrigerator, but he cant afford one at present.身体不好，年轻人就不能担当起这一任务

6、。If in poor health, youth can hardly shoulder this task.人民犯了法，也要受处罚，也要坐班房，也有死刑。Anyone who breaks the law, they too should be punished, imprisoned, or even sentenced to death.她满意地走了。She went away satisfy/satisfied.听了这个故事，他心里很不舒服。After hearing the story, he felt uncomfortable.This is the official kind

7、 of strike.这是装模作样的罢工。He carries his age astonishingly well.他举止老道，言谈成熟。We cannot possibly forget it. 我们无论如何也不会忘记。She found her tongue with difficulty.她能很费劲地说话了。I am a little under the weather.我有点儿不舒服。What shall I go in? 我该参加什么？The photo flatters her. 她很适合照相。It will get you nowhere.你这样是行不通的。This is a

8、silly argument in the wake of history.这是历史长河中的一次愚蠢争论。He is all there as a teacher.他是个头脑清醒的教师。Next to wife, good wife is best.再论老婆，贤妻最好。The “privacy of indifference” rang a bell somewhere.“无关紧要之隐私”这句话，似曾在哪里听到过。The English house does not shout its presence. 英国的名门望族不喜好大肆张扬。6. Basic Differences between

9、English and Chinese他在会上尽谈些性解放一类的话。He prated about sex liberation at the meeting.怕什么？敌人是骂不倒我们的。What are you afraid of? No amount of abuse can defeat us.他每天风里来雨里去，一年到头忙忙碌碌。Rain or shine, he is busy all the year round.面对敌人的刺刀，他脸不改色心不跳。He doesnt show the slightest panic/fear and his heart does not even

10、beat any faster.Chapter Two Disparity between “Corresponding Words” in English and ChineseSection One Semantic Range and Classification（义域和分类）词是任何语言的基本意义单元。任何种类的翻译说到底也就是词的翻译。每个词译好了，就可以说，每句话都译好了，甚至，整个语篇都译好了。但许多词的翻译绝非“照搬字典”那么简单。源语词汇之意能否在目的语中找到准确、贴切的相应的词汇表达是实现“忠实、通顺”的第一步，也是翻译成功与否之关键。马克吐温曾说过：正确的词和几乎正确的词

11、之间的差别实在不是一件小事-这是萤火虫和闪电之间的差别。乔纳森斯威夫特也说过：合适的词用在合适的地方就是风格的真正定义。词汇中既有实词也有功能词。词汇的产生和形成是随意的。沙翁写到：Whats in a name? 名字里有什么？That which we call a rose我们称之为玫瑰的花，By any other name would smell as sweet即使不叫玫瑰，依然散发芳香。荀子也说过：P-35 名乃约定俗成。所以两种语言的名，即，词汇，不可能是一一完全对应的，所谓对应词大致有如下一些关系。1英、汉语中有许多基本对应的词P-35. 但经常会有下述情况A：英语义域宽：u

12、ncle,aunt,brother,sister,rice cousin,river,piece，diet，forgiving，glisten，boating B:汉语义域宽：山，粮食，故事，国家，打，美，好，牧师（教士）2.也有一些互相没有对应的词：牛、羊、笔、缘、风水、radar，VCD等3.一词多义(译)和多词同义现象：1 rose(p36),trunk(37),cut(P43),send(P44)，secretary Have an open hand 大方 throw up ones hand 认输 play a lone hand 单枪匹马地干 set ones hand to 着

13、手 lay hands on 找到，伤害 live from hand to mouth 勉强糊口There was no joke on his face.他脸上一点也看不出开玩笑的意思。He owed his popularity to his simplicity. 他之所以人缘好，完全归功于他为人坦率诚恳。He finally fled into the cold sharp clarity of the night.最后他躲进了清冷的夜色，头脑立刻清醒下来。She curled into the downy softness of the bed and drifted into s

14、weet oblivion. 她蜷缩着钻进床上柔软的鸭绒被里去美滋滋地享受，忘掉这一切。Ill send you a book.我会给你寄本书。The goods will be sent through the rail.货物将通过铁路运送。Who sent you here?谁派你到这儿来的？The company sent a car to the airport to pick me up.公司派了一辆车到机场接我。Youd better send him to bed and send for the doctor.你最好让他躺在床上，再叫人去请医生。Your sister send

15、s you her love.你姐姐（妹妹）向你问候。You are welcome to send for our free catalogue.欢迎索要免费的产品目录。He gave me a new dictionary.他送了我一本新字典。Who takes the younger brother to kindergarten in the morning? 早上谁送弟弟上幼儿园？Did the postman deliver mail today? 邮递员今天送过信了吗？Please see this lady home.请你送这位小姐回家。“See the visitor out

16、!”The manager said to me. “送客”经理对我说。2） 手（37）、桌子、凳子、社会（P41）、说（讲）P43，力（4）In many communities, social drinks are popular. 社会名流 noted public figures社会关系 human relations in society黑社会 sinister forces (crew, cabal, gang)3）基本义、延伸义、转义：fire, hand（p38）、开（open，开门、开锁、开车、开茶馆，开会、水开了）4）单个词译成词组 necessity, updates 等

17、 P-39 4. 合成词 p42 5派生词 P461) He is not exactly ritzy, but sort of brainy.他并非真的是个势利小人，他还是很有头脑的。2） “what a crazy day” he said in a shaky, teary quality of voice.“疯狂的一天！”他说道，声音发抖，眼泪汪汪。3） dont you think she looks actressy?你认为她看起来不像个演员吗？4）he has grown out of teeny hobbies and looks really preppy.他已经长大了，不再

18、有孩子那样的爱好，一副大学预科生的样子。5）he is quite bossy but his brother is still very folksy.他颐指气使、盛气凌人，而他的弟弟却很有人缘。6）the decoration makes the room really Christmassy.装饰一下真的使房间充满了圣诞节的气氛。7）When they sat down to dinner, on the election night, the mood was edgy and uncomfy.选举的当晚，当他们坐下吃饭时，那气氛是令人紧张不安，极不舒服的。8) We are goin

19、g to have a sort of museum summer, very touristy and all that.我们打算，这个夏天，就像真正的观光客那样参观各种博物馆。9）she was seldom seem in a Shorty nightgown.人们极少看到她穿短得出奇的睡衣。A pricy piece of jewelry一件价格昂贵的珠宝，a cushy job一份轻松舒适的工作，an old cobwebby room一间布满蜘蛛网的旧房间，a very clubby place一个极像俱乐部的地方，a jazzy party一场跳爵士舞的派对，a throaty

20、laughter一阵喉部发出的笑声，a toothy smile一个露齿的微笑，a chancy rescue一次极其危险的营救；That was a real pointy question那是一个尖锐得不得了的问题。He was known for his showy bravery他以爱炫耀、勇猛著称。 Ex.1.No. A lectern is a small desk for lecturers, while a podium is a small platform for policemen or conductors，or speakers.2. 印花、图章；赶车人；壁、容器壁；

21、边缘；外国的华人、海外华人3.No. skin, bark, peel, rind, shell, cover4.Yes,it is. The brother and the sister have tender affections. My brother,you are walking along the bank; and I, your sister is sitting on the boathead.5文化传统: 平等，随便6我说，女人和男人一样伟大。但最伟大的莫过人之母。7表示人的心脏可互译，用在信心、良心、心理、心意、心胸等词组中，不可互译。confidence,conscie

22、nce,Psychology,intention, breadth of mind8.spouse,partner,the other half,Madam,darling,my sons mother,Better half.Section Two搭配意义在实际翻译中除了独立的词，我们经常遇到的是以不同搭配的词组出现的词。一个词，在不同的上下文、不同的搭配中，意思也许是不同的。这就是我们讨论搭配意义的目的。1. work的搭配p482. heavy的搭配heavy rain 大雨 heavy sky 阴沉的天气 heavy load 重负 heavy industry 重工业 heavy s

23、tyle 枯燥晦涩的文体 heavy blow 沉重的打击 heavy casualty 重大伤亡 heavy fate 苦命 heavy news 坏消息 heavy features 浓眉大眼(的长相) heavy food 难消化的食物 heavy wine 烈性酒 heavy eater 食量大的人 heavy smoker 抽烟的很多的人 heavy fire 猛烈的火 heavy crop 大丰收 heavy task 繁重的任务 heavy current 强电流 heavy machine 重型机器 heavy sleep 酣睡 heavy taxes 苛税 heavy roa

24、d 泥泞的路 heavy applause 热烈的掌声 heavy traffic 拥挤的交通 heavy sea 波涛汹涌的大海3. high,high commander 高级指挥员 high forest 高大的乔木林 high limit 最大限度 high wind 劲风 high life 上流社会 high spirit 高昂的情绪 high time 适当的时候 high tea 午后茶 high summer 盛夏 high food 变味的食物 high flavor 馊味 high explosive 烈性炸药 high power 大功率 high language 大

25、话 high manner 傲态 high words 怒气冲冲的话 high insult 严重的侮辱 high crime 重罪4. impressive,impressive ceremony 给人印象深刻的仪式 impressive forest 高大茂密的树林 impressive city 繁华的城市 impressive scene 动人的场面 impressive talk 振聋发聩的谈话5. sophisticat-ed的搭配sophisticated man 老于世故的人 sophisticated columnist 老练的专栏作家 sophisticated novel

26、 思想内容深奥的小说 sophisticated device 先进的装置 sophisticated weapon 尖端武器 sophisticated medicine 成分复杂的药 sophisticated oil 惨假的油6. 浓、浓茶 strong tea 浓墨 thick ink 浓雾 heavy fog 浓烟 dense smoke 浓眉 heavy/thick eyebrows 浓荫 dark shadow 7. 硬、硬包装 hard package 硬笔 hard-tipped 硬塑料 rigid plastic 硬武器 lethal/destructive weapon

27、硬汉子 tough/dauntless/unyielding man 硬话 strong/harsh words 硬功夫 great/skill/high proficiency 硬任务 exacting task/task that must be carried out to the letter 硬道理 absolute principle8. 恶性、恶性循环 vicious circle 恶性肿瘤 malignant tumor 恶性贫血 pernicious anemia 恶性交通事故 grave traffic accident 恶性通货膨胀 galloping/runaway i

28、nflation9. 繁荣的搭配繁荣的经济 prosperous economy 繁荣的商业 brisk business 繁荣的时期 booming period 繁荣的文化 flourishing culture10. Wear的翻译 轭式搭配11. Play的翻译Play a game 玩游戏 打比赛 play the flute 吹笛子 play first flute 担任第一小提琴手/起主要作用 play silly buggers 胡闹 play the man 摆出男子汉大丈夫的样子 play a record 放唱片 play the horse 赌赛马 play polit

29、ics 玩弄权术 play gooseberry 当蜡烛/当电灯泡 play ones hunch凭直觉办事ExercisesI 1.here is the story.情况如下。2. He said you took his pen. Now, whats your story?那么，你怎么说?3. Would you be patient and tell me the whole story请你耐心告诉我事情的整个经过。4. All eyewitnesses told the same story所有目击者的说法一致。5. Sorry, this is another story now

30、 对不起，现在的情形已经不同了。6. Pressed of time, we have to make the long story short时间紧迫，我们不得不长话短说。7. His story is by no means convincing他的叙述完全不足信。8.obviously he is making up stories again很明显，他又在编造谎言。9. What are you basing it on? You pull stories out of the thin air你的根据是什么？你是无中生有扯谎咧白。10. as a primary school tea

31、cher, I have heard all kinds of stories about missed homework 作为小学老师，我听说过各种各样的逃作业的轶事。11. Ill be more than happy if the story holds true如果这件事是真的，我高兴都来不及呢！12. The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from the American television有关他的报道越来越少，不久他就从美国的电视上销声匿迹了。13. If the story got abroad. I would never hear the end of it若该谣言