阅读理解难句实例.docx

1、阅读理解难句实例阅读理解-难句实例解析第1章 定语从句1. Most designers with existing labels are finding there arent comparable fabrics that can just replace what youre doing and your customers are used to.分析 主干：Most designers are finding finding后是省略连接词that的宾语从句。该从句是there be句型，其主语comparable fabrics后有一个that引导的限制性定语从句直到句末国。该定语从

2、句的谓语动词replace带了两个由and连接的并列的宾语从句，都用what引导。译文 2. Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was fond near Great Salt Lake.分析 主干：Todd Park，local detective, said said之后的内容是个省略引导词that的宾语从句。whose skeleton是个定语从句，修饰an woman 译文

3、 3. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smokers cough for a year.分析 主干：Gullotta saw a man who引导的定语从句修饰a man 本句是肯定陈述句，却用了doing anything而不是doing something，语义上有所强调.译文 4. The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to r

4、econstruct who you are, where you and what you like.分析 主干：the crumbs make it easy to reconstruct you leave everywhere是定语从句，省略了关系代词that, 修饰crumbs; make it easy forto do结构中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式to reconstruct 是宾语补语，for 引导出不定式的逻辑主语strangers.句末由who, where和what引导的三个名词性从句都是reconstruct的宾语。译文 5. Privacy economi

5、st Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券).分析 主干： Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests Privacy economist 和Alessandro Acquisti是同位语，tests后的t

6、hat从句作tests的定语，该从句的谓语动词reveal带有一个宾语从句people will surrender.译文 6. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what its like to work in a field dominated by men.分析 主干：There was a time 本句是个存在句，主语a time 由when 引导的定语从句修饰。“about + what ”引导的宾语从句构成介词短语，做stories 的后置定语。在该宾语从句中，it

7、 是形式主语，后面的不定式短语to work是真正的主语。dominated做a field的后置定语。译文 7. The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing”.分析 主干：The practice is what 定语从句that can 修饰主语the practice ，从句中的介词短语past yourhabits作宾语you的补语，as you write 引导的时间状语从句修饰t

8、rying to edit。what引导的表语从句中用了“call+宾语+补语”的结构，what是宾语，free writing是补语。译文 8. As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing diseaseespecially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failur

9、e to exercise.分析 主干：the focus has been shifting1句首As 引导非限制性定语从句，As指代主句所说的内容，在从句中做seen的宾语。2主句中破折号后的内容是短语介词in terms of 引导的介词短语做状语，表示“从方面来说”，changing与前面的shifting构成语义再现。译文 9. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious (有营养的）foods, who feels OK but exercises only occ

10、asionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.分析 主干：Imagine a person 主干部分很简短，关键是a person 后面有5个who 引导的定语从句，

11、使句式变得复杂了。这5个who 引导的从句都有相似的结构：含两个由but 连接的谓语，前后的描述形成鲜明的对比。这样的排比句式，加强了语气，给读者留下深刻印象。译文 10. The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the bodys special needs.分析 主干：the field has not distin

12、guished (between and ） 主句的谓语用了distinguish between and 的结构，and 连接的两个someone 都用了who 引导的定语从句予以修饰。译文 11. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health.分析 主干：some health sp

13、ecialists have begun to apply主句部分，不定式to apply 用作begun 的宾语。apply to表示“把应用于”句中表示“把well 和wellness 这样的词只用来指那些人”。Who 引导的定语从句修饰those .译文 12. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily li

14、fe. 分析 主干: the concept can have a (beneficial impact ) 句首by 引导的介词短语表示“方法、手段”。Have a (beneficial) impact on “对有（有益的）影响”。In which 引导定语从句修饰the ways .译文 第2章 状语从句时间状语从句1. In 2003, when Cambridge university appointed Alison Richard ,another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publi

15、cly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen (监督）“a major strengthening of Yales financial position分析 主干：the university stressed that1When 引导时间状语从句，修饰谓语动词stressed ,“剑桥任命Alison 的时候公开强调说”有人认为when 引导定语从句修饰2003，不妥，因为“任命”是瞬间动作动词，而in 2003是延续性时间。2That 引导的从句作stressed 的宾语。Oversee常用人或项目作其宾语，表示“监督、监管

16、”，句中用a major strengthening 作其宾语。译文 2. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the universitys budget.分析 主干：it wanted a leader When 引导时间状语从句。Familiar with 是形容词短语，作定语时放在中心词a leader

17、后面；a major source 是the state government 的同位语。译文 3. Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, shes on the hunt for “cute stuff that isnt too expensive”.分析 主干：she finds little time (to shop )and shes on the hunt (for） 本句较短，却同时包含了并列结构和主从复合结构。连词and 连接两个并列的分句。第二个分句带有一个when 引导

18、的时间状语从句。译文 4. They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, “Geez, if it could happen to him,”分析 主干：they only come in 1When 引导时间状语从句，而且引导两个并列的从句：a friend drops dead以及they think 。引导中的是直接引语，作think 的宾语。2本句在理解上的一个难点是，they think 究竟是与they come in 并列是与a friend drops dead 并列。

19、从语言形式上看，两种理解都可以；但从语义逻辑上看，应该是“他们只想在想到的时候才来”，把they think 归到时间状语从句中更合理。译文 原因状语从句5. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact the fact that I was co-opting (借用）my daughters experience.分析 主干：I had to accept the fact Because 引导原因状

20、语从句，该从句用了know little about 结构，about 有两个宾语，that 引导的从句是即 farm animals 和angels ，中间用or 连接，两个名词分别都有定语从句加以修饰。主句部分fact 带有that 引导的同位语从句。译文 6. The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly” and “non-polluting” cannot be verifie

21、d.分析 主干：the standards ban claims 本句只含一个原因状语从句，结构上较为简单。值得注意的是，句中的名词词组大多含有修饰成分，如：the ISO labeling standards ,claims on product packaging ,terms such as 。译文 让步状语从句7. While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, distance learning usually signifies a course in which the instructo

22、rs post syllabi (课程大纲）, reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail.分析 主干：distance learning signifies a course 1句首while 引导状语从句，有让步、对比之意。2In which 引导定语从句修饰a course ，该从句本身是and 连接两个分句构成的并列结构，两个分句分别讲到有关老师和学生的情况。Post on websites 结构中，post 含有3个宾语。译文 8. A

23、lthough some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software ,most distance learning courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded (升级）systems .分析 主干：course can run (on ） Although 引导让步状语从句。Investment in 表示“在方面的投资”。不定式to support 是宾语

24、investment 的补足语，“项目需要投资来支持相关软件”（因为support 的逻辑主语不是programs而是 investment ，所以该不定式应该是补语，而非目的状语）。译文 条件状语从句9. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, youll die on average five years before a woman.分析 主干：youll die 1Assuming 相当于连词if 。此外，suppose ,provided (t

25、hat ),given (that )等都可以连接条件从句，表示“假如，如果”。条件句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。2Make it 是常用短语，“获得成功”；natural term 指“正常寿命”。3About 78 years for men in Australia 对 natural term加以具体说明，表示“在澳大利亚男士的正常寿命是78岁”。译文 10. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷）may be well, in this new sense, if they make an effort t

26、o maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations.分析 主干：people may be well 主句中的主语People 有一个 who 引导的定语从句修饰。if 引导条件状语从句，从句中的they can 是省略形式的定语从句(相当于they can maintain )，修饰health 。译文 比较状语从句11. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actual

27、ly have and you will end up staring blankly at the page as the deadline draws near.分析 主干：you will believe that and you will end up staring 本句主句是and 连接两个分句构成的并列句。前一个分句中，that 引导的从句作believe 的宾语，该宾语从句中又包含一个由than 引导的比较状语从句。后个分句中，谓语部分是end up doing 结构，staring做主语补足语。译文 第3章 非谓语动词分词1. Organized by the New Yor

28、kbased nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time.分析 主干：the show inspired designers 本句是简单句。过去分词短语Organized by 在句中作状语，用以补充说明主语的背景信息。谓语部分用了inspire sb to do 结构，不定式短语to work with 是宾语补足语。译文 2. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a ma

29、jor initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (过渡型的）cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material .分析 主干：Wal-Mart is set to announce a (major) initiative; it will buy (transitional) cotton1本句冒号后的内容是对前文initiative 的详细阐述，相

30、当于一个同位语从句。2冒号前的分句中，谓语动词用了be set to do 结构。过去分词短语aimed to 是initiatives 的后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。3冒号后的分句中，结构简单。其中helping to 是现在分词短语，作谓语动词buy 的状语，表示目的。译文 3. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings

31、 for her tales.分析 主干：I offered suggestions (for ) 句首的Telling 是现在分词，作状语，表示伴随动作；它带了一个宾语从句，从句的表语writer 后接了一个作定语的现在分词guiding。主句部分的介词for 带有三个名词作宾语，与suggestion 连用，表示“对的建议”。译文 不定式4. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to pr

32、omote international programs and attract a global student body.分析 主干：The globalization means 1Means 后的内容都是省略连词that的宾语从句。With international experience of some kind 是介词短语作定语修饰heads。And 引导的两个不定式短语to promote 和（to )attract 是从句谓语动词seek 的目的状语。2句末的body 表示“群体”。译文 5. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purc