高考新题型语法填空解题技巧.docx

1、高考新题型语法填空解题技巧2014年新题型辅导整理：2月28日语 法 填 空Step 1 命 题 思 路题型变化： 1 单项选择（句子） 语法填空（篇章） 2 客观题 主观题 3 题量15题 10题 分值不变：15 分=10 X 1.5分Step 2 解 题 策 略一 读懂首句,判断体裁,确定时态;二 动脑思考,分析推理;三 通读全文,验证所填的词.Step 3 考 查 范 围1 语境(上下文）；2 语法：动词（时态、语态、非谓语形式）、 名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。Step 4 语法填空（无提示词） 冠词：a, an, th

2、e介词：in, on, at, with, as(作为), before, after, by, from, through, to, for等代词：one, another, other, both, none,I, we, you等人称连词：(1) and, or, but, however (两个完整的句子之间)(2) that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why (引导定语从句)(3) that, whether, if, whose, which, who, what, when, where, how, why (引导名词性从句)(

3、4) when, before, after, until, while, because, so, if, unless, although, as (引导状语从句) （一）无提示词解题技巧:技巧1 缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)例1 She did not hesitate for long : although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _38_. (2009年广东高考) 解析：不定式后动词

4、please缺少宾语，应填代词；又从文章和句子意思可知是给父亲买礼物，使他高兴，确定填_.（例2）He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _38_” (2010年广东高考)解析：不定式后动词like缺少宾语，应填代词；又从前面句子可知是说这水很难喝，学生是问老师为什么假装喜欢这水呢，确定填代词_代替这水。例3 I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _38 gets there almost in a second

5、. (茂名一模)解析：and连接前后两个句子，and后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“马上可到达那里”的是the message，替代the message用代词_。技巧2. 如果句子基本结构完整，名词前面无限定词（冠词、不定代词和形容词性物主代词），则设在该名词前的空格很大可能填限定词。例4 It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _33 rice crop grow up quickly. (2008年广东高考)解析：名词

6、rice crop前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词_。（例5）Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not _33_ pleasant experience: (2009年广东高考)解析：experience句中意思为经历，可数名词单数，其前没有限定词；再根据句子意思“每年这个时候购物不是一件让人很愉快的经历”，确定填冠词_.例6 the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it t

7、o_35_small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage. (2007年广东高考)解析：因单数可数名词town前还没有限定词，应填限定词；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，故填_。（例7）After the student left, the teacher let _36_ student taste the water. (2010年广东高考)解析： student为可数名词单数，前无限定词；根据句子意思“这个学生离开后，老师让另一个学生尝这水”，确定填不定代词_

8、.技巧3. 如果句子基本结构完整，名词或代词在句中既不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，其前面的空格通常是填介词。（例8）When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _39_ table having supper. (2009年广东高考)解析：分析句子知道名词table在句中不作主语、宾语，也不作were的表语，空格处应填介词，使table成为介词的宾语；根据having supper确定应填介词_，因为_ table表示“在餐桌边，在进餐”，也

9、是固定搭配。(例9) The young man went home _35_ a happy heart. (2010年广东高考)解析：a happy heart在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语，空格处应填介词; 根据句子意思“他怀着高兴的心回家了”，确定填介词_.技巧4. 如果两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有分号或句号，也没有关联词连接或引导，则填并列连词或从属连词。(例10) He was very tired from/after doing this for a whole day, _37_ he felt very happy since the crop did “gr

10、ow” higher. (2008年广东高考)解析：两个句子间是逗号且无关联词连接，则空格处一定是填关联词；再根据前一句他感到very tired和后一句子的very happy得出前后为转折关系，确定填并列连词_。(例11) Jane paused in front of a counter_35_ some attractive ties were on display. (2009年广东高考)解析：两个句子间没有分号或句号，也没有关联词连接或引导; 分析句子意思可知后一句为定语从句，要填的词既引导了这个定语从句，又在此从句中作地点状语，确定填关系副词 _.（例12） I wanted t

11、o see as much of the city as possible in the two days 32 I was to return to Guangzhou. (2008年广州一模)解析：因I wanted to是一个句子，I was to return也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间的逻辑关系，可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前，故填_。技巧5: 和it有关的一些特殊句型也是判断纯填空题的一个重要技巧。A.根据it作形式主语或形式宾语的句型来判断空格处是否应填it.(例13) She remembe

12、red how difficult _31_ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. (2009年广东高考) 解析：分析句子可知，宾语从句中真正的主语是后面的不定式to choose，空格处应填入作形式主语的it.B.根据强调句结构“It is/was+被强调部分+ that/who+句子剩下部分”判断空格处填it还是that.(例14) and _40_ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG. (2007年

13、广州一模)解析：分析句子结构可知该句为强调句句型应填it.强调句判断方法:去掉it is/wasthat看句子结构是否仍然强调完整的方法来判断句子是否为强调句。Exercise1.One day while working at the cash register in the gift shop, I saw _ elderly couple come in with a little girl in a wheelchair.2.There is a bottle full of water on the desk. _ water is very dirty. 3.No one help

14、ed me. I did it all _ myself.4.Bob and Mary are going to see a movie _ Christmas Day.5.It was a pity that the great writer died _ his work unfinished. 6.If you give your children the impression that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard _ as unfit or unable persons.7.He is al

15、so an author, and _ new book will come out next month. 8.He knew what he wanted. _, he didnt know how to get it.9.He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.10.This is the park _ they visited last year.11.I still remember many of the gam

16、es we played _ I was about ten. 13.I would hear them talk about _happened during their day. （二）、给出提示词的解题技巧1动词：1).给出的提示词为动词时，考生应首先分析句子结构，判断该动词在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，或者是否需要转换词性等，然后再具体解题。(例15) people stepped on your feet or _34_ (push) you with their elbows, hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. (2009年广东高考) 解析：

17、提示词push在句中与stepped作并列谓语，要用一般过去时，填_2). 如果一个句子没有谓语动词，或者提示词与已有谓语动词之间是并列关系时，所给提示词就是谓语动词，此时要根据语境考察时态和语态。(例16) Her mother was excited. “You father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane _40_ (inform). (2009年广东高考) 解析: 主句没有谓语，考时态和语态；根据文章意思可知Jane是“被”她母亲告知父亲决定戒烟的，确定应用一般过去时和被动语态，填 _.(例17)After a long journ

18、ey, the young man _33_ (present) the water to the old man. (2010年广东高考) 解析: 主句没有谓语，考时态和语态，根据文章语境可知时态为过去时，应填)_.3). 如果句子已有谓语动词，给出的动词提示词也不作并列谓语时，则考查非谓语动词，这时要根据句子所缺成分和非谓语动词各自用法特点，选择动词 ing 、动词 ed 和不定式，具体确定方法如下：提示词在句中作目的状语、only后的结果状语、情感形容词或动词后的原因状语时，通常用不定式。(例18) For example, the proverb, “ plucking up a cr

19、op _32_ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. (2008年广东高考)解析: 分析结构可知句子已有谓语is based，help在此为非谓语；根据句子意思，把禾苗拔高的目的是帮助它们长高，确定用不定式作目的状语，填to help。4). 提示词给的是动词有时也会考查词类转换，考生须仔细分析句子结构，正确填词。(例19)：But Jane knew from her past experience that her _36_ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. (20

20、09年广东高考)解析:分析句子可知，choose在同位语从句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词her后，确定用名词形式_.2形容词和副词1).提示词为形容词或副词，重点考察它们的比较等级、形容词副词之间的词性转换，具体解题技巧如下：考察形容词和副词的比较等级。一般来说，如果有表示范围的in/of介词短语，用最高级；than的前面要用比较级，但考生要特别注意的是，在特定语境中, “than+ 比较对象”和表示比较范围 的of/in短语常常被省略。(例20)：He was very tired after/from doing this for a whole day, but he felt ver

21、y happy since the crop did “grow” _38_ (high). 解析: 由语境可知，他忙了一整天后很累，但是仍然感到很开心是因为庄稼被拔过后确实比之前“长”的“高”些了，这是省略了than before的隐性比较级，确定填_.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _39_ (sweet)” (2010年广东高考)解析: 由语境可知，这水是好心和爱的表现，没有什么比它更甜了，这是省略了than the water的隐性比较级，确定填_.

22、2).形容词和副词之间的词类转换。修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式；作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。(例22)：We drank together and talked _38_ (merry) till far into the night. (2007年广东高考)解析: 修饰动词talked要用merry的副词形式，确定填_.(例23)：His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _34_ (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. (2010年广东高

23、考)解析: 修饰动词smiled要用warm的副词形式，确定填warmly总 结1 首先熟悉语境。2 对于连词、介词、关系代词、关系副词等，不仅要理解它们的意思，还要熟记它们，在考试时能准确、快速地提取它们。3 对于动词，要掌握常用的时态、语态和非谓语动词的用法。4 对于句子，要能够分析其结构，懂得在什么时候该用什么词性。5 对于单词，不仅要背诵其意义和拼写，还好掌握基本的词形变换。练习：要求：根据语法填空的命题思路和考查范围设计一篇语法填空题。 1 挖出你认为会考的10个空； 2 注明理由（比如：介词+名词）； 3 时间：3分钟。 When a young man starts to ear

24、n his own living,he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, or his room,but he has to work if he wants to live comfortably.If he spends most of his time playing about in the way he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society, he may go to prison.If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health,he can have the great happiness of seeing himself make steady progress in his job and of building up for himself his own position in society.