初中英语的四种时态讲解和练习.docx

1、初中英语的四种时态讲解和练习一、同步知识梳理英语的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。 是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。（一）一般现在时 概念：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。 用法：A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 经常性、习惯性动作。常与频率副词连用。 Eg.：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。） C) 客观事实和普遍真理。 Eg. The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转) Light travels faster tha

2、n sound.(光传播比声音快) D) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 Eg.The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon. Eg.How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？） E) 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,un

3、less引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。 Eg.：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) 时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第

4、三人称单数形式） 否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 例句：It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words.（二）一般过去时：不规则动词表 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发

5、生。 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, the other day etc.基本结构：be动词的过去式；行为动词的过去式 否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。作用a. 过去某个时间里发生

6、的动作或状态 Eg.He left for Beijing yesterday morning. 他昨天上午到北京去了。 She wasnt at home last night. 她昨晚上在家。 Did you finish your work at four yesterday afternoon? 你昨天下午四点完成工作了吗？ b表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 I got up very early at that time. 我那时总是起得很早。 Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast wh

7、en she was at middle school. 玛丽上中学时总是起得很晚，从来都没有足够时间吃早饭。1. A-A-A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形） 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤 2. A-A-B型（现在式和过去式同形） beat beat beaten 打 3. A-B-A型（现在式和过去分词同形） come came come 来 become became b

8、ecome 变 run ran run 跑 4. A -B -B型 （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。 Burn burnt burnt 燃烧learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 mean meant meant 意思 hear heard heard 听见 （2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送 spend spent spent 花费 （3）其

9、他 pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说 bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 think thought thought 想 sleep slept slept 睡keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫 stand stood stood 站 understand understood understood 明白 win won won 得胜 shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光 catch caught caug

10、ht 抓住 teach taught taught 教 feel felt felt 觉得 fight fought fought 战斗 find found found 发现 get got got 得到 hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂 have had had 有 hold held held 盛，握 leave left left 离开make made made 制造 meet met met 遇见 sell sold sold 卖 shoot shot shot 射击 tell told told 告诉 smell smelt/smelled

11、smelt/smelled 嗅，闻 sit sat sat 坐 dig dug dug 挖 5. A-B-C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同） （1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。 eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 steal stole stolen 偷 give gave given 给 freeze froze frozen 冻结 take took taken 拿 see saw seen 看见write wrote written 写 ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶 throw th

12、rew thrown 抛，扔 blow blew blown 吹 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道 fly flew flown 飞 draw drew drawn 拉，绘画 show showed shown 展示 （2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。 speak spoke spoken 说话 break broke broken 破碎，折断 wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒 choose chose chosen 选择 forget forgot forgotten 忘记（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分

13、别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。 begin began begun 开始 ring rang rung 按铃 sing sang sung 唱 sink sank sunk 沉 swim swam swum 游泳 drink drank drunk 饮 （4）其他不规则动词的变化。 be(am, is) was/ were been 是 be(are) were been 是 do did done 做 go went gone 去 lie lay lain 躺 wear wore worn 穿二、同步练习1. Where Lucy come from? A. do B. does

14、 C. is D. are 2. Most of the students China. A. comes from B. is from C. are from D. come of 3. We speak English . A. every days B. everyday C. very day D. every day 4. My math teacher a big pair of glasses. A. wears B. put on C. wear D. puts on 5. What your father and mother ? A. does, do B. do, do

15、 C. are, do D. do, does用动词适当形式填空： 1. His radio is broken. It （sound） terrible. 2. Did somebody drop water on the rug? It （look） wet. 3. Every year my parents （give） me a present for my birthday. 4. The club （send） her a letter every month. 5. your dad （wash） his car once a week? Yes, he does. 6. Lin

16、 Tao is a good student. He （study） very hard. 7. They （ work） at the bank句型转换： 1. My living room has three windows. （改为否定句） 2. Jim and Jack like swimming on Sundays.（就划线部分提问） 3. We are in the same class. （改为一般疑问句） 4. He comes from England.（ 就划线部分提问） 三、课堂达标1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The c

17、at (eat) a bird last night. 3. We (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 变换句型 1. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句） _ Frank _ an interestin

18、g book about history? 2. He cleaned his room just now. （划线提问） What_ he _? 3. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句） Thomas _ _ RMB 10 on this book. 4. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问） _ _ _ family _ last week?一、专题知识梳理（适用CCT）（一）现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, at this time, thes

19、e days, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 用法： a现在进行时表示说话时谓语的动作正在进行。 Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁？ He knows that we are helping him now. 他知道我们现在正在帮助他 。 b在现阶段正在进行的动作，但不一定说话时动作正在进行。 The students are working on the farm there days. 这些天学生们正在农场劳动。 c在现在进行时态中go, come, lea

20、ve, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。 He is coming soon. 他不久就要来了。 Mary is arriving here at 4 oclock this afternoon. 玛丽今天下午四点到达这里。 注意： 1）表示状态或感觉的动词，如：know, love, like, want, hear, see, think等，一般没有进行时态，因为它们不能表示正在进行的动作。但是，如果词义发生变化，能表示一个正在进行的动作，也可使用进行时态。 Stop, I am thinking. 停下来，我正在想问题呢。 2）无法延续动作的

21、动词，如：jump, begin, start, stop等一般不宜用于进行时态。但是，若想表示动作反复或即将发生，也可使用进行时态。 He is jumping up and down. 他一下一下地跳个不停。 3)与always, continually, constantly，forever等连用表示经常性反复性的动作表示某种感情色彩。 She is always changing her clothes. He is always doing things for other people She is always borrowing money and forgetting to

22、pay me back. 【注意】不用于现在进行时的动词 1感觉、感官的动词。See、hear、smell、taste、feel. This cake smells wonderful. 表爱憎的动词。Like、love、dislike、hate、adore、mind、prefer、 表希望、意愿。Want、wish、desire 表知道、相信、猜想、理解。Know、believe、think、doubt、understand、wonder -The phone is ringing. -I know, I heard it. 表拥有、含有、所有Own、contain、belong to、ha

23、ve二、专题精讲 （二）过去进行时： 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 1）构成 过去进行时由be动词的过去式加动词的现在分词构成。2）用法 a. 过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如： I was doing my homework at this time

24、yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。 They were expecting you yesterday. 他们昨天一直在等待。 b. 过去进行时可与soon, the next moment, in minutes, minutes later等时间状语连用，表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。如： Soon the whole town was talking about it. 不久镇上的人就都谈论起这种事了。 c. 过去进行时可用来申述原因或用作借口，这种用法常用在口语中。如： - Have you finished your homework, Mary? 玛丽，你作业做完了吗？

25、 - No, I was helping my mother is the kitchen all day yesterday. 还没呢，我昨天一天都帮妈妈在厨房干活。 d. 过去进行时可用来为一个后一系列动作的发生提供背景。如： I hurt my leg when I was riding a bike. 我在骑车时把腿摔坏了。 e. 过去进行时可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，这时be动词was/were要重读。如： I was writing him a letter this morning and forgot all about it. 我本该今天早上给他写信的，后来全给忘了。 I

26、 was seeing her tomorrow. 我本来打算明天会见她。 He was watching the play yesterday, but he was too busy. 他昨天本来要看那场戏的，可是太忙了。三、专题过关 写出下列词的现在分词 play_run_swim_make_go_ like_write_ski_read_have_ sing_dance_put_ see_buy_ love_live_take_come_get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 写出下面词的正确形式1. I _ (have) my breakfast at half

27、past six yesterday morning. 2. Mary _ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter _(do) the same thing. 3. What _ you _ (do) at that time? We _ (watch) TV. 4. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes, he was. He _ (listen) to the radio. 5. They _(not make) a model ship w

28、hen I saw him. 6. _ they _ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?7. Look! These boys _ happily in the swimming pool. A are dancing B are swimming C were singing D have swum 8. She _ (talk) about her new school at the moment. 9. The Browns _ (watch) TV now. My father always _(come) back from work

29、 very late. 10. The teacher is busy. He _ (sleep) six hours a daysing 一、能力培养翻译下面这句话We are going to have a meeting today 二、学法总结三、技巧提炼四、作业布置1. While we _ (wait) for the bus, a girl _ (run) up to us. 2. I _ (telephone) a friend when Bob _ (come) in. 3. Jim _ (jump) on the bus as it _ (move) away. 4. We _ (test) the new machine when the electricity _ (go) off. 5. She _ (not want) to stay in bed while the others _ (all, work) in the fields.单选1. Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class. A.have B.having C.is having D.are having 2. Listen! The baby