高考题人物传记类.docx

1、高考题人物传记类10年高考【2003-2012】6年模拟【2007-2012】英语汇编：阅读理解之人物传记类 2012年高考题 【2012山东卷】 B OneofthegreatestcontributionstothefirstOxfordEnglishDictionarywasalsooneofitsmostunusual.In1879,OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlan

2、guage.ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossibleandwouldgivenotonlythedefinitionbutalsothehistoryofthewordandquotations(引文)showinghowitwasused. Thiswasahugetask.SoMurraryhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundre

3、dsofvolunteersresponded,includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericanSurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.Hegavehisaddressas“Broadmoor,Crowthorne,Berkshire,”50milesfromOxford. MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.Overthenextyears,hebecameoneofthest

4、affsmostvaluedcontributors. Buthewasalsoamystery.Inspiteofmanyinvitations,hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxford.Soin1897，MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabook-linedcellattheBroadmoorAsylumfortheCriminallyinsane. MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirlo

5、veofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10,000submissionsin20years.MurraycontinuedtovisitMinorregularly,sometimestakingwalkswithhimaroundtheasylumgrounds. In1910,MinorleftBroadmoorforanasyluminhisnativeAmerica.Murraywasattheporttowavegoodbyetohisremarkablefriend. Minordi

6、edin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleted.The12volumesdefined414,825words,andthousandsofthemwerecontributionsfromaveryscholarlyanddevotedasylumpatient. 61.Accordingtothetext,thefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary_. A.cameoutbeforeminordied B.waseditedbyanAmericanvolun

7、teer C.includedtheEnglishwordsinventedbyMurray D.wasintendedtobethemostambitiousEnglishdictionary 62.HowdidDr.Minorcontributedtothedictionary? A.HehelpedMurraytofindhundredsofvolunteers. B.Hesentnewspapers,magazinesandbookstoMurray. C.Heprovidedagreatnumberofwordsandquotations D.hewenttoEnglandtowor

8、kwithMurray. 63.WhydidDr.MinorrefusetovisitOxford? A.HewasshutinanasylumB.HelivedfarfromOxford C.HewasbusywritingabookD.Hedislikedtraveling 64.Prof.MurrayandDr.Minorbecamefriendsmainlybecause_. A.theybothservedintheCivilWar. B.Theyhadacommoninterestinwords C.MinorrecoveredwiththehelpofMurray D.Murra

9、ywenttoAmericaregularlytovisitMinor 65.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeDr.Minor? A.BraveanddeterminedB.Cautiousandfriendly C.ConsiderateandoptimisticD.Unusualandscholarly 66.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout? A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage. B.ThefriendshipbetweenMurrayandMinor C.MinorandthefirstOxford

10、EnglishDictionary D.BroadmoorAsylumandispatients 【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记，讲述了牛津英语词典的编撰者之一的Dr.Minor的不一般的人生，他博学，但被关在精神病院。他对牛津英语词典贡献很大，并与ProfMurray因为共同的爱好成为好朋友。 61.【答案】D 【解析】根据第一段中的serveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage可知答案选D。 【考点定位】考查细节理解。 62.【答案】C 【解析】根据第三段的第一句话M

11、inorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray可知答案选C。 【考点定位】考查细节理解。 63.【答案】A 【解析】根据第四段中的hefoundMinorlockedinabook-linedcellattheBroadmoorAsylum可知，Minor被关在一家精神病院里，这是他不能去牛津的原因。 【考点定位】考查细节理解。 64.【答案】B 【解析】根据第五段的MurrayandMinorbecamegoodfriends,sharingtheirloveofwords可知，他们成为好朋友的主要原因在于他们都对

12、词汇很热爱。 【考点定位】考查细节理解。 65.【答案】D 【解析】从文章的最后一句话可以推断Minor很博学，对做学问很投入，但他同时又是一个精神病人。因此用devoted,scholarship,unusual等描述他最贴切。 【考点定位】考查推理判断题。 66.【答案】C 【解析】文章的关键词有两个：Minor和OxfordDictionary，主要讲述Mr.Minor的特别之处和他对OxfordDictionary的贡献，因此文章的大意应该把这两个词都包括进去。 【考点定位】考查文章的主旨大意。 【2012安徽卷】 C WhenFridaKahlospaintingswereonsho

13、winLondon,apoetdescribedherpaintingsas“aribbon（丝带）aroundabomb”.SuchcommentsseemtosuggestKahlohadabiginfluenceontheartworldofhertime.Sadly,sheisactuallyamuchbiggernametodaythanshewasduringhertime. Bornin1907inavillagenearMexicoCity,Kahlosufferedfrompolio（小儿麻痹症）attheageofseven.Herspine（脊柱）becomebentas

14、shegrewolder.Then,in1925,herbackwasbrokeninseveralplacesinaschool-busaccident.Throughouttherestofherlife,theartisthadmanyoperations,butnotingwasabletocuretheterriblepaininherback.However,theaccidenthadanunexpectedsideeffect.Whilelyinginherbedrecovering,Kahlotaughtherselftopaint. In1929,shegotmarried

15、toDiegoRivera,anotherfamousMexicanartist.RiverasstronginfluencesonKahlosstylecanbeseeninherearlyworks,butherlaterworksfromthe1940s,knowntodayasherbestworks,showlessinfluencefromherhusband. Unfortunately,herworksdidnotattractmuchattentioninthe1930sand1940s,eveninherhomecountry.Herfirstone-womanshowin

16、Mexicowasnothelduntil1953.Formorethanadecadeafterherdeathin1954,Kahlosworksremainedlargelyunnoticedbytheworld,butinthe1970sherworksbegantogaininternationalfameatlast. 64.Whatdoesthephrase“amuchbiggername”inparagraph1mostnearlymean? A.afarbetterartistB.aformoregiftedartist C.amuchstrongerpersonD.amuc

17、hmorefamousperson 65.TheterriblepainKahlosufferedwascausedby. A.polioB.herbentspine C.backinjuriesD.theoperationsshehad 66.Kahlosstylehadbecomeincreasinglyindependentsincethe. A.1930sB.1940sC.1950sD.1970s 67.WhatisauthorsattitudetowardKahlo? A.DevotionB.SympathyC.WorryD.Encouragement 典型的人物传记。难度一般般。

18、64D我们可以用better和gifted来描写她，但是文章中说她的主要悲剧是不被大众认识。 65C文章依据就是schoolbusaccident. 66B细节题，直接找到答案 67B推理题，tomb和sadly告诉我们这是一个悲剧，aribbon告诉我们主人公很积极乐观。 2011年高考题 1.（2011山东卷）A ArthurMiller(1915-2005)isuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestdramatistsofthe20thcentury.MillersfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustriaHungary,d

19、rawnlikesomanyothersbythe“GreatAmericanDream”.However,heexperiencedseverefinancialhardshipwhenhisfamilybusinesswasruinedintheGreatDepressionoftheearlyl930s. Millerssmostfamousplay,DeathofaSalesman,isapowerfulattackontheAmericansystem,withitsaggressivewayofdoingbusinessanditsinsistenceonmoneyandsocia

20、lstatusasindicatorsofworth.InWillyLoman,theherooftheplay,weseeamanwhohasgotintotroublewithhisworth.Willyis“burntout”andinthecruelworldofbusinessthereisnoroomforsentiment:ifhecantdothework,thenheisnogoodtohisemployer,theWagnerCompany,andhemustgo.Willyispainfullyawareofthis,andatlossastowhattodowithhi

21、slackofsuccess.Herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailedandkillshimselfintheend. Whenitwasfirststagedin1949,theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews,anditwontheTonyAwardforBestPlay,theNewYorkDramaCriticsCircleAward,andthePulitzerPrizeforDrama.Itwasthefirstplaytowinallthreeofthesemajorawards. Millerdiedo

22、fheartfailureathishomeinRoxbury,Connecticut,ontheeveningofFebruary10,2005,the56thanniversaryofthefirstperformanceofDeathofaSalesmanonBroadway. D.focusesontheskillsindoingbusiness 58.WhatcanwelearnaboutWillyLoman? A.Hetreatshisemployerbadly. B.HerunstheWagnerCompany. C.HeisavictimoftheAmericansystem.

23、 D.Heisregardedasaherobyhiscolleagues. 59.Afteritwasfirststaged,DeathofaSalesman A.achievedhugesuccess B.wonthefirstTonyAward C.waswarmlywelcomedbysalesmen D.wasseverelyattackedbydramatists 60.Whatisthetextmainlyabout? A.ArthurMillerandhisfamily. B.TheawardsArthurMillerwon. C.ThehardshipArthurMiller

24、experienced. D.ArthurMillerandhisbest-knownplay. 【解析】：56-60:BACAD 【语篇解读】本文是讲述了阿瑟.密勒的生平经历及他的代表作DeathofaSalesman的内容及评价。 36.B。细节题。从第一段第二句话可知米勒的父亲已经从奥地利迁往美国，是和许多其他人一样受“伟大的美国梦”的驱使。 37.A。细节推断题。从第二段第一句话可知米勒写推销员之死的目的是对美国制度的攻击，因为美国商业制度的侵犯性和坚持将金钱和社会地位作为价值的显示。A指出了,暴露了美国商业世界的残酷。下文也提到了，inthecruelworldofbusiness。

25、 38.C.推理判断题。从上文介绍情节中得知WillyLoman是戏剧中一个角色，而这个角色最终因为在这个制度中屡遭失败自杀身亡，因此推断他是美国制度的受害者。 39.A.细节推断题。从第三段得知一上映便赢得许多奖项，因此获得巨大成功。 40.D。主旨大意题。A没有提及，BC都是片面的。 2.（2011陕西卷）B MostpeopleknowthatMarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize,andthefirstpersontowinittwice.However,fewpeopleknowthatshewasalsothemotherofaNo

26、belPrizewinner. BorninSeptember,1987,IreneCuriewasthefirstoftheCuriestwodaughters.Alongwithnineotherchildrenwhoseparentswerealsofamousscholars,Irenestudiedintheirownschool,andhermotherwasoneoftheteachers.ShefinishedherhighschooleducationattheCollegeofSvigninParis. IreneenteredtheUniversityofParisin1914toprepareforadegreeinmathematicsandphysics.WhenWorldWarIbegan,Irenewenttohelphermother,whowasusingX-rayfacilities（设备）tohelpsavethelivesofwound