英语人教版二轮复习学案专题9非谓语动词导学案.docx

1、英语人教版二轮复习学案专题9非谓语动词导学案中考人教版二轮复习学案专题9非谓语动词导学案专题 非谓语动词精讲必备考点考点一 动词不定式作主语考点二 动词不定式作宾语考点三 动词不定式作宾语补足语考点四 动词不定式的特殊句型考点五 动词不定式作状语考点六 疑问词 + 动词不定式考点七 动名词与动词不定式考点八 现在分词与过去分词我们把在句子当中起名词、形容词或副词作用，充当谓语之外的其他句子成分的动词称为非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式、分词（现在分词和过去分词）和动名词。考点一 动词不定式作主语 动词不定式是一种非限定动词，而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词。动词不定

2、式分为带to的不定式（to + 动词原形）和不带to的不定式。动词不定式不能单独用作谓语动词，不受主语的人称和数的限制，但保留动词的性质。1. 动词不定式作主语时，其谓语动词常用单数。 To say something is one thing; to do it is another. 说是一回事，做是另一回事。2.动词不定式在句子中作主语时通常放在句末，而用it作形式主语，其结构为： It + be + adj. (+ for / of sb.) + 动词不定式。 Its so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 It is not difficult

3、to work out the problem. 做出这道题并不难。【典例精析】It takes me half an hour _ the piano every day. A. play B. playing C. to play考点二 动词不定式作宾语1.一些动词后可跟动词不定式作宾语。这类动词主要有：want，wish，like，decide，help， try，begin，forget，learn，ask，agree，hope，promise等。2.find，think，make，believe等动词后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语而把真正的 宾语动词不定式短语放在句末。【典例

4、精析】1. The children decide _ their school yard this Friday afternoon. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 2. At times, parents find it difficult _ with their teenage children. A. talk B. talked C. talking D. to talk 考点三 动词不定式作宾语补足语分类功能例句接带to的不定式ask，tell，get，wish，like，want，teach，would like等动词之

5、后常接带to的不定式作宾补。这类动词用于被动语态时，仍要用带to的动词不定式作主语补足语。He was asked to make an apology for his rudeness. 他被要求为自己的粗鲁道歉。接不带to的不定式make，let，have，hear，see，listen to，feel，watch等动词之后，必须接不带to的不定式作宾补。但当这些动词用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的动词不定式的to要还原。I heard him sing in the classroom. = He was heard to sing in the classroom (by me). 我听

6、见他在教室里唱歌。 既可以接带to的不定式，也可以接不带to的不定式help之后，既可以接带to的不定式，也可以接不带to的不定式作宾补。Will you help me (to) wash the clothes? 你能帮助我洗衣服吗？ 【典例精析】Our teacher often asks us _ questions in groups. A. discuss B. to discuss C. discussing D. discussed考点四 动词不定式的特殊句型1. too . to . 太而不能 The boy is too young to look after himsel

7、f. 那个男孩太小还不能照顾自己。2. . enough to . 足够 He is old enough to go to school. 他到了上学的年龄了。3. Why dont you + 不带to的不定式? = Why not + 不带to的不定式? Why dont you get her a photo album? = Why not get her a photo album? 为什么不给她买个相册呢？4. had better + (not) + 不带to的不定式最好（不） Youd better not stay there today. 你今天最好别待在那儿。5. Wi

8、ll you please + 不带to的不定式? 你能吗？ Will you please close the door? 你能把门关上吗？6. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thought behind it rather than receive a lot of money. 她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。【典例精析】Shes not strong enough _ walking up mounta

9、ins. A. to go B. going C. go D. went考点五 动词不定式作状语1.表目的。在强调这种目的状语时，不定式前可加in order或so as，动词不定式也可放在 句首,使其所表示的目的更加明显突出。2.表结果。 通常有以下结构too . to .（太而不能）；.enough + 不定式 ；be + 形 容词+ 不定式；so . as to .（如此以致于）。 3. 表原因。【典例精析】1.Vocabulary is important to language learning. Therefore, youd better try different ways y

10、ou can think of _ words and expressions. A. remember B. to remember C. remembering 2. He hurried back home _ his schoolbag. A. fetched B. to fetch C. fetching D. fetches 考点六 疑问词 + 动词不定式 疑问代词who，what，which和疑问副词when，where，how等词后可加动词不定式，构成一种特殊的动词不定式短语，可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。【典例精析】 Excuse me. Could you please

11、 tell me _ my car? Sure. Park it right here. Ill help you. A.how to stop B. where to park C. where to stop D. when to park考点七 动名词与动词不定式. 只能接动名词的动词 动名词具有名词的功能，在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。常见的可以跟动名词作宾语 的动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，suggest，keep，give up等。 He hasnt finished reading the novel. 他还没有看完那部小说。 We must practise sp

12、eaking English every day. 我们必须每天练习说英语。. 既可接动词不定式又可接动名词的动词 love，like，hate，prefer，begin，start，need，remember，forget，try，stop等动词后， 既可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用动词不定式作宾语，但意义不同。 I remembered to post the letter. 我记得要发信。(信还没发) I remembered posting the letter. 我记得发过信了。(信已经发了) He stopped singing. 他停止唱歌。（不再唱） He stopped to

13、sing. 他停下来并开始唱歌。（停下正在做的事，开始唱）. 感官动词后接动词不定式或动名词 感官动词后既可接不带to的不定式，也可接动名词；接不定式时指“(看到、听到、见 到)全过程”，接动名词时指“瞬间动作”。 I always hear the girl sing in the next room. 我总是听到那个女孩在隔壁房间唱歌。 I heard the girl singing in the next room. 我听到那个女孩正在隔壁房间里唱歌。【典例精析】 Dont forget _ the classroom tomorrow afternoon. Thanks. I won

14、t.A.to keep clean B. cleaning C. sweeping D. to clean up考点八 现在分词与过去分词分类构成意义现在分词动词原形加-ing表示正在进行或主动，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者。过去分词动词原形加-ed表示已经完成或被动，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的承受者。developing country 发展中国家（正在发展的）developed country 发达国家（已经发展了的）中考语法复习（非谓语动词）考点一：动词不定式【经典习题】( ) 1. Its bad for your eyes computer games too much. A.

15、plays B. to play C. play D. to playing( ) 2. What did Mr. Zhang say just now? He told us any further. There is danger ahead. A. dont go B. not go C. to go D. not to go( ) 3. My pen pal Andrew found it difficult Chinese well. A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. learned( ) 4. How do you know that Jenn

16、y likes singing? I often hear her after class. A. to sing B. sang C. sing D. sings( ) 5. Lisa was driving along a new street and she didnt know her car. A. where park B. where to park C. when parked D. how parking( ) 6. Whats your plan for the summer holidays? Ive no idea, but Ive decided at home an

17、d have a good rest first. A. to stay B. stay C. stayed D. staying【考点点拨】动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。 在句型“Its + adj. (+ for / of sb. ) + to do sth.”和“find / think / make it + adj. + to do sth.”中，it作形式主语或宾语，而真正的主语或宾语（动词不定式）则放在后面。 动词want, decide, hope, plan, agree, ch

18、oose等后常跟动词不定式作宾语；动词allow, ask, invite, teach, tell等后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。 动词不定式也常与what, which, where, when, how等疑问词连用，构成 “疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构。 在使役动词let, make, have以及感官动词hear, see, notice等后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。考点二： 动词的-ing形式【经典习题】( ) 1. Kate, when shall we take a walk? After I finish the dishes. A. wash B. washing

19、C. to wash D. washed( ) 2. Mary is looking forward to herself after the exam. A. enjoying B. enjoy C. enjoyed D. be enjoying( ) 3. Tom, have you seen your brother? Oh, I saw him basketball on the playground just now. A. to play B. plays C. playing D. played( ) 4. If you feel tired, you may stop to h

20、ave a rest. A. to work B. worked C. work D. working( ) 5. Thank you for us so much, Mr. Liang. A. helping B. help C. helped D. to help ( ) 6. Mary dances best in our school. I agree. Ill never forget her dance for the first time. A. to see B. seeing C. see D. saw 【考点点拨】“动词+-ing”形式可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语和表语

21、。 在consider, enjoy, finish, mind, practice, suggest, keep, look forward to, have fun, feel like, give up等动词及短语动词后常接动词的-ing形式。 动词remember, forget, stop, try 等后既可接动词不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式，但表达的意义不同。 hear, notice, see, watch等表示感官的动词后也可以接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语。考点三： 动词的-ed形式【经典习题】( ) 1. When are you going to have your

22、 hair ? Tomorrow afternoon. A. cut B. cutting C. to cut D. cuts( ) 2. My best friend Charles comes from a village Ma Ji. A. calls B. to call C. called D. calling( ) 3. The book by Mo Yan is worth reading a second time. A. wrote B. written C. to write D. writing【考点点拨】动词的-ed 形式通常表示被动关系和/或动作已经完成，在句中可作定

23、语或宾语补足语。 常位于have, get, make等使役动词之后作宾语补足语，表示宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。 动词的-ed 形式短语作定语时，通常置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。非谓语动词固定搭配87个一、接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语afford to do sth担负得起做某事I afford to buy a new house.agree to do sth赞同做某事I agreed to look after the dog.ask to do sth要求做某事She asked to have a look at the photos.choose to do st

24、h选择做某事He chose to do it by himself.decide to do sth决定做某事We decide to have a try.expect to do sth期待做某事I expect to go camping.hope to do sth希望做某事I hope to see you soon.learn to do sth学习做某事I will learn to drive.manage to do sth设法做某事Finally we managed to finish everything on time.fail to do sth未能做某事Litt

25、le Tom failed to come to the party.offer to do sth自动提出做某事She always offers to help.plan to do sth计划做某事We plan to set out early tomorrow morning.would like to do sth想要做某事I would like to go for a walk after dinner.cant wait to do sth等不及要做某事I cant wait to start the journey!promise to do sth承诺做某事I promi

26、se to be home before 9. refuse to do sth回绝做某事She refuse to answer the question.want to do sth想要做某事I want to share my secret with you.wish to do sth希望做某事I wish to welcome the star.happen to do sth碰巧做某事I happened to see them in the street.need to do sth需要做某事I need to get a haircut. 辨析（needs to do & ne

27、eds doing）be able to do有能力做某事She was able to take care of herself at the age of 6.have to do sth不得不做某事I have to say goodbye to smartphone.make sure to do sth确保做某事Make sure to take the umbrella when it rains.一组更喜欢.prefer to do sth 更喜欢做某事 I prefer to stay at home.Prefer doing to doing更喜欢做某事，比起做某事 I pr

28、efer staying at home to going out.Prefer to do rather than do. 更喜欢做某事，比起做某事I prefer to stay at home than go out.Would rather do than do更喜欢做某事，比起做某事 I would rather stay at home than go out.一组use：used to do sth 过去常常做某事 I used to go to school by car, now I go on foot.Be used to do sth 被用来做某事 Keys are u

29、sed to open the doors.Be used to doing 习惯于做某事 When I was a student, I was used to getting up early.二、接不定式、动名词作宾补 v sb to do sth （否定形式not + to do）advise sb. to do sth建议某人做某事The doctor advised him to do more exercise.allow sb. to do sth允许某人做某事Mom doesnt allow me to go out after 10.ask sb. to do sth请（叫）某人做某事The teacher asks us not to waste time. encourage sb. to do sth鼓舞某人做某事My friend encouraged me to have a try.expect sb. to do sth期待某人做某事Parents always expect their kids to be the best.help