浙江省6年高考英语基础知识汇集名词1.docx

1、浙江省6年高考英语基础知识汇集名词12、名词考查热点：名词的单复数变化、名词所有格。而浙江则是考查名词的词义理解。这类题型的解题关键是：1考生必须掌握选项中各个名词的意思及用法。2考生必须读懂题干，这是作出正确选择的关键。如果读不懂句子的意思，就很难作出正确的选择。为了更好地解决这一类题目，在平时的学习中考生一定要积累一些近义名词的用法。下面简单辨析几组常用的名词辨析1chance，opportunity(1)chance 表示“机会，可能性(强调偶然性)”。 (2)opportunity 表示“机会，时机(强调通过努力获得的机会)”，既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词。Chances are t

2、hat he has already arrived.他很有可能已经到了。【注意：Chances are that . 很可能.】(2008苏)To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as we can.为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽量多听。2reputation，influence，impression(1)reputation 表示“名誉，名声”。 (2)influence 表示“影响”，常用于短语have an influence on sb. 对有影响。 (3)i

3、mpression 表示“印象”，常用于短语give/leave an impression on sb.“给留下印象”。(2009皖)China has got a good reputation for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organazation.中国在与流感作斗争中因细致与平稳的安排获得了好的名声。3state，position，conditions，situation, surrounding(1) state 意为“状态，样子，情况，形势”。 (2) position 意为“位置，职位”。(3)

4、situation 意为“形势，状况，局面”。 (4) condition 意为“条件，境况+s”。(5) surrounding意为“周围的环境”。(2009陕)From their position on the top of the TV Tower，visitors can have a better view of the city.从他们所在的电视塔顶的位置，游客们能更好地观看这个城市的风景。 School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situations.学生们必须接受如何应付危险情况的教育。 He was

5、 in a poor state of health.他的健康状况不佳。4mark，sign， signal，symbol(1) mark 标志，标记。 (2) sign 记号，标记，迹象,(广告)标牌。(3) signal 信号。(4) symbol 象征，符号。(2009鄂) In our class，when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book，it was a signal of everyone to stand up.在课堂上，铃声响起，老师合上书就是我们起立的信号。There were no signs of life on

6、 the island.那个岛上没有生物存在的迹象。5quantity，quality，character，personality(1) quantity 表示“数量”。(2)quality 既可以表示事物的“品质”，还可以表示人的“品德，素质”。(3) character 泛指性格，无所谓好坏，还可以表示“角色，文字，字母”。 (4) personality 意为“个性”。Eg. They are twins but have quite different characters.他们虽为双胞胎，但性格却相当不同。 Kindness is a human quality which ever

7、yone admires.仁慈是谁都称赞的人类品质。下面是浙江6年来针对名词考查试题：6. (2006-17) If you like I can do some shopping for you. Thats a very kind _.A. offer B. service C. point D. suggerstion7. (2007-12) Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ for a wedding in some countries.A. way B. situation C

8、. event D. choice8. (2008-15) Dogs have a very good _ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.A. sense B. view C. means D. idea9. (2009-6) The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.A. access B. passage C. way D

9、. approach10. (2010-16) The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct _.A. solution B. target C. measure D. function11. (2011-18) Anyway, I cant cheat him - its against all my _. A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions名词热点复习一、名词的数1单数名词变为复数名词常考

10、点：(1)以o结尾的名词变为复数时，字母o的前面是元音字母常在词尾加s；如果字母o的前面是辅音则加es;但缩写词不管以什么字母结尾，统统加s.常见的下列名词要加es，它们是：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿，即：negroes，heroes，potatoes，tomatoes。.常见的下列名词要加sZoos, radios; photos(photograph缩写词）(2)以f或fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加s，但下列f或fe结尾的名词需把f或fe去掉，变为ves，它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上把狼劈成两半，即：selves，lives，thieves，wiv

11、es，knives，loaves，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。(3)合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一个部分变为复数。如：sonsinlaw女婿；passersby过路人；storytellers讲故事的人；breakfasts早餐；housewives家庭主妇。2抽象名词具体化（在考查冠词时往往要结合名词一起考虑）(1)具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，表示变化了的词义时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。difficulty困难；a difficulty一件难事； experience经验；an expe

12、rience一次经历；failure失败；a failure一个失败者，一件失败的事； knowledge知识；a good knowledge对精通/熟知success成功；a success一位成功者，一件成功的事； surprise惊奇；a surprise一件令人吃惊的事honour荣誉；an honour一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事Eg. Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。 His new book was a great success.他的新书获得巨大成功。(2007-苏) We have every reason to believ

13、e that _2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be_ success. A/；aBthe；/ Cthe；a Da；a【解析】第一空为特指，应用定冠词the；第二空success为抽象名词具体化，“一个成功的人或事”，应用不定冠词a，类似的词还有failure，pleasure等。故选C。 【答案】C(2)有些物质名词有时以复数形式出现，表示不同的类别。drink 饮料two drinks 两杯饮料; coffee 咖啡a coffee 一杯咖啡; ice 冰two ices两份冰淇淋tea 茶two teas两杯茶Eg. Would you like some

14、 coffee？你想喝点咖啡吗？ I would like a coffee and two beers.我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。(3)有些不可数名词变成复数形式可以表示特别的意义。paper 纸papers报纸，文件; look 看looks 外表; condition 条件conditions 形势，情况time 时间times时代; arm 手臂arms 武器; line 线lines 台词manner 态度manners 礼貌; glass 玻璃glasses 眼镜; hair 头发hairs 几根头发sand 沙子sands 沙滩，沙地 water水 waters水域，大量的水Eg

15、. Dont judge a man by his looks.不要以貌取人。 I dont like his manner.我不喜欢他的态度。(4)名词在特殊情况下的复数使用有些名词在使用时总是用其复数形式，如：thanks(感谢，谢意)，clothes(衣服，服装)，congratulations(祝贺，贺词)，goods(货物，商品)，works(作品)，shoes(鞋子)，trousers(裤子)，instructions(说明)等。有些短语要求用名词复数形式：make preparations for.为做准备; take pains to do sth.努力做某事; make bo

16、th ends meet 收支平衡keep ties with.同保持联系; be in high spirits 兴致勃勃; do/make repairs 进行修理take turns 轮流二、名词的句法作用1作定语(1)表材料的名词作定语，说明被修饰的名词是什么原料制成的。Eg. stone figures石像gold medal金牌(2)表地点的名词作定语，说明被修饰的名词存在或发生的地方。Eg. country music乡村音乐;post office邮局; school education学校教育(3)表用途、性质的名词作定语。coffee cup咖啡杯;sports shoes

17、运动鞋; pencil boxes 铅笔盒;book marks 书签(4)man/womann.变复数时，作定语的名词和中心词都要变复数。men teachers 男老师; women engineers 女工程师【考题】 Lets meet at the _ gate at 3 oclock this afternoon，then our_teacher will take us for an outing. Aschools；head Bschool；head Cschools；heads Dschool；heads【解析】本题考查名词作定语的用法。第一个空“school gate”说明

18、事物的类别；第二个空“head teacher”说明人物的身份。故选B。 【答案】B2作宾语补足语We made him monitor of our class.我们选他当我们的班长。【注意】作宾语补足语的名词是表示职位、头衔的词(如monitor，chairman，president，head，king，captain等)时，这类名词前不加冠词。该情况也适用于表语和同位语。3作同位语Mr.Smith，my first teacher，died yesterday.史密斯先生，我的第一位老师，昨天去世了。【各地考题链接】1. The system has been designed to g

19、ive students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.A. access B. passage C. way D. approach2. The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any _ when the virus of HINI hit Mexico in April, 2009. A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration3. China has got a

20、 good _ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge4. The _ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car. A. girls; Toms B. girls; Toms C. girls; Toms D. girls; Toms5. Im tryi

21、ng to break the _ of getting up too late. A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure6. He says that my new car is a _ of money. Dont you think those words are just sour grapes? A. lack B. load C. question D. waste7. From their _ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the

22、 city. A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation8. Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _ building. A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character9. In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _ for everyone to stand up. A

23、. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure10. Dogs have a very good _ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake. A. sense B. view C. means D. idea11. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real _. A. exchange B. bargain C. trade D. business12. Whats the _ of h

24、aving a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion13. To save some of the huiman languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our _”. A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices14. Most air

25、 pollution is caused by the burning of _ like coal, gas and oil. A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products15. Shall we go out for a walk? Sorry. This is not the right _ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance16. The young man made a _ to his parents that he wou

26、ld try to earn his own living after graduation.A. prediction B. promise C. plan D. contribution17. Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ for a wedding in same countries. A. way B. situation C. event D. choice18. The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a

27、common _ in many parts of the city. A. look B. sign C. sight D. appearance19. You are always full of _. Can you tell me the secret? Taking plenty of exercise every day. A. power B. strength C. force D. energy20. One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living _. A. bills

28、 B. expenses C. prices D. charges21. I cant say which wine is the best its a(n) _ of personal taste. A. affair B. event C. matter D. variety22. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _ of exercise. A. limit B. lack C. need D. demand23. If you like I can do some shopping f

29、or you. Thats a very kind _. A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion24. Always read the _ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions25. Finding information in todays world is easy. The _ is how you can tell if th

30、e information you get is useful or not. A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge26. I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction. A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense.27. In our daily life, everyone fails every now and then. It is how you react

31、 that makes a _. A. development B. difference C. progress D. point28. Frankly speaking, its peoples _ to keep their promise that really annoys me. A. habit B. mistake C. loss D. failure29. The financial crisis has put the world economy in a difficult _. A. occasion B. condition C. evaluation D. situation30. The door and the windows were all closed and there was no _ of forced en