1、十元感恩课程十元活动课初中班教学资料第一、二节课英语学习第一步:学字母介绍英语26个字母的发音和字形英语学习第二步:学英语音标英语的48个国际音标及其发音口诀:音标有多少,一共四十八,辅音28,元音有二十,7短5长8 个双,二英语音素 英语共有48个音素,其中元音20个,辅音28个。记录音素的符号叫做音标。我们采用“国际音标”来标记英语字母和单词的读音。音标要放在方括号 内,以免和字母相混。 现将英语的20个元音和28个铺音分类介绍如下:1. 元音2.辅音第三节课游戏课程,单词学习和拼读英语入门第三步:简单句子问答每天10-20个单词,需要每天坚持从零开始学英语,在短时间内要提高英语,有一定的
2、难度,过程枯燥乏味,要入门,掌握一门语言,这是必须经历的。所以,首先要有决心和恒心,必须坚持下来。注:n 名词 v 动词 adj形容词adv副词 prep介词 conj连词phr.短语 num数词 int感叹词v.aux.助词Noun名词A word which is a person, place, thing or idea.描述一个人、一个地点、一个东西或者一种想法的词。Examples:Mount Everest, book, horse, Peter, strength, car, Empire State Building, China, house, child珠穆朗玛峰,书,马
3、,皮特(人名),力量,汽车,帝国大厦,中国,房子,孩子Pronoun代词A word that is used to take the place of a noun.用来指代一个名词的词Examples:I, they, their, ourselves, itself, your, my, nobody, who, which, her, we我,他们,我们自己,它自己,你的,我的,没有人,谁,哪个,她(宾格),我们Adjective形容词A word that is used to describe a noun or pronoun.一个用来描述一个名词或者代词的词Examples:例
4、如:proud, purple, French, few, this, huge, sad, second, none骄傲的,紫色的,法国的,很少的,刚过去的,巨大的,悲伤的,其次的,没有的Verb动词A word that indicates an action, being or state of being.一个表示动作进行或者存在的状态的词Examples:play, run, think, study, smell, wait, be, drive, renounce, fill玩,跑,想,学习,闻,等,是,驾驶,拒绝,填充Adverb副词A word that is used to
5、 describe a verb which tells how, where, or when something is done.副词是用来描述一个动作怎样完成、在哪里完成或者什么时间完成的词Examples:carefully, often, very, wintelligently, quite, too, rarely, never仔细地,经常,非常,聪明地,非常,太,很少,从不Conjunction连词A word that is used to join words or groups of words.一个用来连接几个词或者几组词的词Examples:and, or, but,
6、 neither, because, while, since, although和,或者,但是,既不是,因为,而,自以来,虽然Preposition前置词,汉语中多叫介词A word used indicating the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word.一个用来表明一个名词或代词和另一个词的关系的词Examples:in, until, of, from, after, under, beyond, across, toward在里面,直到,的,从开始,在之后,在下面,超出,穿过,向Interjection感叹词A sin
7、gle word used to express strong emotion.一个表达强烈的感情的词Examples:Wow! Ah! Oh! No!哇!啊!哦!不!单词拼读锻炼1 what hwt pron 什么2 is iz v 是3 whats hwts what is 的缩写形式4 your ju pron 你的,你们的5 name neim n 名字6 my mai pron 我的7 I ai pron 我8 am m v 是9 Im I am 的缩写形式10 in in prep 在.里(内,上)11 row ru n (一)排,(一)行12 one wn num 一13 num
8、ber nmb n 数字,号码14 two tu: num 二15 too tu: adv 也16 three ri: num 三17 are : v 是18 you ju: pron 你,你们19 yes jes adv 是20 four f: num 四21 five faiv num 五22 no nu adv & adj 不,不是23 not nt adv 不24 hi hai int 喂(问候或唤起注意)25 class kl:s n (学校里的)班级,年级26 grade greid n 年级27 six siks num 六28 seven sevn num 七29 eight
9、eit num 八30 nine nain num 九31 ten ten num 十32 zero ziru num & n 零33 plus pls prep 加,加上34 it it pron 它35 its its it is 的缩写形式36 how hau adv (指程度)多少,怎样37 old uld adj .岁的,老的38 eleven ilevn num 十一39 twelve twelv num 十二40 minus mains prep减,减去41 thirteen :ti:n num 十三42 fourteen f:ti:n num 十四43 fifteen fift
10、i:n num 十五44 hello hlu int喂(问候或唤起注意)45 please pli:z int 请46 can kn v.aux 能,可以,会47 spell spel v 拼写48 that t pron 那,那个49 secret si:krit n 秘密50 this is pron 这,这个51 in in prep 用.(表达)52 English igli n & adj 英语,英国人53 in English phr. 用英语(表达)54 a ei art 一(个,件.)55 clock klk n 钟56 and nd conj 和,又,而57 pencil-b
11、ox n 铅笔盒58 an n art 一(个;件.)59 pencil pensl n 铅笔60 ruler ru:l n 尺子61 pen pen n 钢笔62 sharpener :pn n 卷笔刀63 eraser ireis n 橡皮擦64 room ru:m n 房间65 book buk n 书66 map mp n 地图67 desk desk n 书桌68 cup kp n 杯子69 bag bg n 书包70 computerkmpju:tn电脑,电子计算机71 mouse mausn 鼠,耗子,鼠标72 bed bed n 床73 keyboard ki:b:d n 键盘
12、74 isnt iznt is not 的缩写形式75 pear p n 梨76 cake keik n 蛋糕,饼,糕77 banana bn:n n 香蕉78 apple pl n 苹果79 orange :rind n 橙子,橘子80 egg eg n 蛋第四、五节课简单句子对话1. Good morning/afternoon. Good morning/afternoon/Hello/Hi.2. How are you? Im fine, thanks. And you? And how are you? Fine, thank you.3. Nice to meet/see you.
13、 Nice to meet/see you, too. How do you do? How do you do? Im Lin Qiang./My name is Lin Qiang. Im Naney./My name is Naney. Good bye. Bye-bye.4. Hello, Im Neal. Hi, Im Nancy.5. How is everything going? Fine, thank you, And you? Fine, thanks.6. Whats your name?/May I have your name, please? Im Nancy/My
14、 name is Nancy.7. How old are you? Im eleven.8. Which grade are you in? Class 1, Grade 5.9. Do you like bananas? Yes, I do. Why? Why do you like bananas? Because theyre sweet.10. Do you like pandas? Yes, I do. Why?( Why do you like pandas?) Because its very cute. Lets go to see the pandas? That soun
15、ds great.11. Can you count from one to twenty?-Sure.One,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight ,nine ,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty.12. Whats your phone number? Its 23886623.(七位号码:前三后四,八位号码:各四位)13. Whats the time, please?/Whats the time by your w
16、atch? Lets me see. Its 4:30.14 What would you have for dinner? Id like hamburgers and some orange juice. Do you like hot dogs? why? Yes, I do. Its very nice.15. Do you have sports every day? Yes I do. What do you usually do after school? I exercise a lot. I like skipping -rope.16. Do you watch TV ev
17、ery day? Yes , I do. What time do you watch TV every day? At 7:30.英语语法知识1动词be(is,am,are)的用法我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。2this,that和it用法(1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如:This is a flower. 这
18、是一朵花。(近处)That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)(3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this, 后说that。如:This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is, 不说That is。如:This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如:This is a bike. Thats a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。(6)打电话时,介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如:
19、Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐吗?Yes, this is. Whos that? 是的,我是,你是谁?注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am, Are you?/Who are you?(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如:Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗?Yes, it is. 是的,它是。Whats that? 那是什么?Its a kite. 是只风筝。3these和those用法this, that, these和those是指示代词,these
20、是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。This is my bed. That is Lilys bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。These pictures are good. 那些画很好。 Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗?在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如:Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?Yes, they are. 是的,他们是。4名词s所
21、有格单数名词后直接加 “ s ”:Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的妈妈以s结尾的复数名词,只加“”Teachers Day教师节 the twins books双胞胎的书不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加“ s ”Childrens Day 儿童节 mens shoes男式鞋表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加sLucy and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈)表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加sLucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子) 5There be句型(1)There be句
22、型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”其基本结构为“There be某物(某人)某地(某时)”其中there是引导词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词, be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构:There be放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。如:There is a book on the desk.有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如:On the desk there is a book.(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:Be动词,有三个,am,is还有ar
23、e。“There be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。如:There is a tree behind the house.There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).There are some pears in the box.(3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用ar
24、e。如:There is a book and some pens on the floor.There are some pens and a book on the floor. 6like一词的用法like用作及物动词,译为“喜欢”。(1)后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物。如:I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。(2)后接动名词(v. -ing),表示“喜欢做某事”,着重于习惯、爱好。如:Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。(3)后接动词不定式(to do ),表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”,着重于某次具体的行为。如:
25、I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视。7句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即Iwe, youyou,she,he,it they。如:She is a girl. They are girls.(2)am,is要变为are。如:Im a student. We are students.(3)不定冠词a,an要去掉。如:He is a boy. They are boys.(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:It is an apple. They a
26、re apples.(5)指示代词this,that要变为these,those。如:This is a box. These are boxes.8英语日期的表示法英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如:August 2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如:10th May,2003(2003年5月10日)英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词on。9.时间的表达法(1) 直读式,即直接读出时间数字7: 05 seve
27、n five 8:16 eight sixteen(2) 过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five(3)12小时制6:00 a.m. 上午6点 8:20 p.m. 下午8点20分(4)24小时制13:00 13点钟 22:15 22点15分(5)15分可用quarter4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six(6)时间前通常用at.at 5 oclo
28、ck at 7:30 p.m.10. want用法(1)想干什么用want to do sthThey want to join the sports club. 他们想加入运动俱乐部。(2)第三人称单数作主语,want要作变化He wants to play basketball.Li Xia wants to play the piano.(3)变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词do或does.Do you want to play soccer ball ? Yes , I do . / No , I dont.Does he want to go home by bus ? Yes , he does . / No , he doesnt
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