高中英语阅读理解技巧及其习题.docx

1、高中英语阅读理解技巧及其习题阅读理解方法及技巧（一） 阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要并且有相互联系的因素。 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： 1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。3

2、.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。 在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点： 1.带着问题阅读短文。 2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。 3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。 4.尽快选择答案。 （二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1. 记 叙 文记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。 传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。 故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。2. 说 明 文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行

3、介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 数 字 说 明 文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 解 释 说 明 文 解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what, how, why 等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。 比 较 说 明 文 比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作

4、者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是，在一般情况下，作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。 应 用 文 应用文涉及的范围比较广，包括广告、通知、书信等。应用文一般语言简洁，省略及不规范的句子较多。阅读时一般要求考生全面掌握文章中提供的信息，并运用这些信息去解决问题。因此对题干的理解尤为重要。 （三）不同类型问题的解题方法与技巧 1.主旨大意类题型 主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意。一般不易在文中直接找到答案。 1）常见提问方式 What is the topic of the text (NMET93)The

5、 text is mainly about _. (NMET95)Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph(NMET98) What would be the best title for the text (2004全国)This article mainly tells about the story of _(NMET99)The writers purpose in writing this story is _. (NMET 2000)The subject discussed in

6、 this text is _. (NMET 2000) What does the text mainly describe (2004全国)2）解题方法A.分析篇章结构，找出文章主题 B.全面分析细节，准确概括大意 C.抓住文章主线，归纳文章中心 A.分析篇章结构，找出文章主题 在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过仔细阅读短文的第一句或第二句, 即文章的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。 若短文由若干段组成，除仔细阅读第一段的首句外，还须仔细阅读每一段的第一句，即段落中心。还有些文章中心句在全文的最后。此类文章往往以列举事实开头，通过论证最后阐述核心观点。因此，仔细

7、阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键 。（00C-59） Decision-thinking is not unlikepokerit often matters not only what youthink, but also what others think you thinkand what you think they think you mental process(过程) is similar. The subject discussed in the text is_.Athe process of reaching decisions Bthe difference betwee

8、n poker and chessCthe secret of making good business plans Dthe value of information in winning games B.全面分析细节，准确概括大意 在阅读中一定要对文章中提供的信息进行全面的分析。既不能片面行事，亦不可随意扩大。在解题时一定要仔细分析文章的细节，找出共同点，然后才能做出准确的判断。 C.抓住文章主线，归纳文章中心 有些文章像记叙文，主题思想不是通过一两句话就可以表达的。这时就需要通过阅读全文，抓住关键字或主要论题来归纳中心思想。 2.推测判断类题型 要求考生纵观全文，在掌握全文提供的各项信息

9、的基础上进行正确的逻辑推理，推断作者的意图；人物的动机、目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果； 语言中的语气等。此类题属于深层理解题，难度最大。但要取得高分就必须抓好此类考题。 1）常见提问方式 We can infer from the text that “computer-literate” means _. (NMET 99)From the text, we learn that the diary is now owned by _. (NMET99) Vanvergarges remark suggests that _. (NMET 98)After reading the stor

10、y, what can we infer about the hospital (NMET 96) What did Greg Rota probably do in the end （2004全国） 在推测判断题中典型的常用词汇有： infer , imply , suggest和conclude。 此外提问中也可能含有表示推测的情态动词，如can, could, would, might 等和其它表示可能性的副词，如 probably, most likely等。 From the text we know that Dagmar is most likely _. (NMET 96)Wh

11、ich of the following might have happened afterwards (NMET 91)This text is most probably taken from a _ . (NMET 94)In the writers opinion, a good stage school should _. (NMET 99) This text most probably appears in . （2004全国） 2）解题方法 A.利用已知信息，进行逻辑推理 B.结合一般常识，分析提供信息 C.注意表层意思，悟出深层含义 A.利用已知信息，进行逻辑推理 推理判断题

12、的答案一般在文中不可能直接找到，但这并不意味着读者可以随意判断。解答此类题时必须充分利用文中所提供的信息进行合乎逻辑的推断。 在做这类题时必须要注意两点：第一，要分清题目是问作者的观点还是读者的观点，二者不可混淆。第二，不要脱离原文凭自己意愿乱推测或只凭常识推测。所做出的答案一定要在文中直接或间接找到依据或理由。 B. 结合一般常识,分析提供信息 在对文章进行分析判断时，有时在文章所提供信息的基础上，读者还需要运用一般常识进行合理推断。 C.注意表层意思,悟出深层含义 在进行阅读判断时还要注意在语篇层面上进行深层的连贯性思考，要学会去伪存真、由表及里去推测作者的真正意图。考试中这类题目不多但是

13、难度较大，极易失分 。 3.细节类题型 细节题的考查每年高考中都有一定比例。一般难度较低，属于浅层理解题，得分率较高。 The reason Father was in a hurry to get home was that he _. （99D-63） Awasnt feeling very well Bhated to drive in the dark Cwanted to take some exercise Ddidnt want to be caught by the police 表层信息是： daughter: you cant be healthy father: coul

14、d go for a run深层信息是： father: wants to be healthy so he goes for a run every day was driving fast so that he could go for a run daughter: knew why he was driving so fast noticed that he didnt wear his safety belt 1）常见提问方式 以what, which, where等疑问词开头,后接短文具体内容提问；以from the text, according to 开头,后接短文具体内容提问

15、；以某个细节提问；以true, not true 提问；就文中细节进行简单计算、排序、识图等提问。 2）解题方法 细节类题型的共同特点是：就文中某一个事实或细节提问。要求考生在文中找出相关的事实或细节。此类题型的解题方法是：抓住提问中的关键词，仔细阅读文章中的相关内容，一般可以在文章中直接找到或稍加归纳就可以找到正确答案。 NMET 1999-A-54 Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to the diary a-Tom Brennan found the book in an office build

16、ing b-The book was shown to James Green c-Cory Luxmoore arrived from England d-The book was left behind in a taxiA. a, b, c, d B. c, b, d, a C. a, c, d, b, D. c, a, b, d 在做细节题时一定要具有迅速获取有效信息的能力。按考试说明规定做阅读题的时间是35分钟，但在考试中一般学生做阅读题都超过了这一规定时间。问题在于考生阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的阅读技巧。有些阅读材料如新闻报道，故事，应用文体等在阅读时不必逐字逐句去理解，可先进行快速

17、略读（skim）领会文章大概意思，再看题目，然后根据题目要求再扫读（scan）文章，获取相关信息。与题目无关的内容完全不必费时去理会。 NMET02C64. Which theatre offers the cheapest seat65. If you want to see a play with old jokes and songs, which phone number will you ring to book a seat66. We may learn from the text that Sue Townsend is _. 4. 猜测词义类题型 在阅读中常要求学生猜测某些单

18、词或短语的意思。历年高考中均有此类题目。有的文章尽管没有专门设题，但由于文章中常常出现生词，因此，词义的猜测还是贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中。 解这类题目一般是通过上下文去理解或根据构词法去猜测。猜测词义的具体方法是： 1）从文章 段落 句子的结构去推测词义。 2）借助作者对词义的解释。 3）从上下文的对比中猜到词义。 4）运用常识进行判断。 5）根据生词所在句子的内容断定词义。 根据段落或文章猜测词义，是一种难度较大且复杂的阅读技能。掌握这种技能的关键在于准确全面理解段落或全文的内容，并且灵活地运用猜测句子的多种综合技能，才能达到猜测词义的理想效果。 The underlined phrase

19、“figure out” in the text means _. （97A-54） A. work out B. add up C. guess D. study The underlined word “leg” in “Bicycle tour and race” probably means _ .( 96E 68) A. race B. practice C. part of the training D. part of the tour 02E74) What does the underlined word “hassle”（paragraph 1） probably mean

20、 A. A party designed by specialists B. A plan requiring careful thought C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble D. A demand made by guests（04全国74） The underlined word “land” in the last paragraph probably means . A. keep for some time B. successful get C. immediately start D. lose regretful（05全

21、国44）The underlined word “chapter” in paragraph 2 means_. Aone branch of an organization Ba written agreement of a club Cone part of a collection of poems Da period in a societys history阅读理解1、 O. Henry was a pen name used by an American writer of short stories. His real name was William Sydney Porter

22、. He was born in North Carolina in 1862. As a young boy he lived an exciting life. He did not go to school for very long, but he managed to teach himself everything he needed to know. When he was about 20 years old, O. Henry went to Texas, where he tried different jobs. He first worked on a newspape

23、r, and then had a job in a bank, when some money went missing from the bank O. Henry was believed to have stolen it. Because of that, he was sent to prison. During the three years in prison, he learned to write short stories. After he got out of prison, he went to New York and continued writing. He

24、wrote mostly about New York and the life of the poor there. People liked his stories, because simple as the tales were, they would finish with a sudden change at the end, to the readers surprise.1. In which order did O. Henry do the following things a. Lived in New York. b. Worked in a bank. c. Trav

25、elled to Texas. d. Was put in prison. e. Had a newspaper Job. f. Learned to write stories. A. e. c. f. b. d. a B. c. e. b. d. f. a C. e. b. d. c. a. f. D. c. b. e. d. a f. 2. People enjoyed reading O. Henrys stories because A. they had surprise endings B. they were easy to understand C. they showed

26、his love for the poor D. they were about New York City 3. O. Henry went to prison because . A. people thought he had stolen money from the newspaper B. he broke the law by not using his own name C. he wanted to write stories about prisoners D. people thought he had taken money that was not his4. Wha

27、t do we know about O. Henry before he began writing A. He was well-educated. B. He was not serious about his work. C. He was devoted to the poor. D. He was very good at learning.5. Where did O. Henry get most material for his short stories A. His life inside the prison. B. The newspaper articles he

28、wrote. C. The city and people of New York. D. His exciting early life as a boy.2、One day a few years ago a very funny thing happened to a neighbour of mine. He is a teacher at one of Londons big medical schools, He had finished his teaching for the summer term and was at the airport on his way to Ru

29、ssia to give a lecture. He had put a few clothes and his lecture notes in his shoulder bag, but he had put Rupert, the skeleton (人体骨骼) to be used in his lecture, in a large brown suitcase (箱子). At the airport desk, he suddenly thought that he had forgotten to buy a newspaper. He left his suitcase ne

30、ar the desk and went over to the shop. When he got back he discovered that someone had taken his suitcase by mistake. He often wonders what they said when they got home and found Rupert.1. Who wrote the story A. Ruperts teacher. B. The neighbours teacher. C. A medical school teacher. D. The teachers

31、 neighbour.2. Why did the teacher put a skeleton in his suitcase A. He needed it for the summer term in London. B. He needed it for the lecture he was going to give. C. He wanted to take it to Russia for medical research. D. He wanted to take it home as he had finished his teaching.3. What happened at the airport A. The skeleton went missing . B. The skeleton was stolen . C. The teacher forgot his suitcase. D. The teacher took the wrong suitcase .4