高中语法专题名词性从句.docx

1、高中语法专题名词性从句高中英语语法专题名词性从句一. 教学目标1 理解名词性从句所包含的各种从句的概念并能熟练辨别。2 掌握宾语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句的用法。3 掌握如何区分名词性从句以及同位语从句和定语从句。4 掌握名词性从句关联词的选用。二. 教学重难点1 连接词的正确选用，特别是易混连接词主要有：what/ that/ which, whether/ if/ that, what/ whatever, where, who/ whoever等。2 it作为形式主语及形式宾语的用法。3 名词性从句中虚拟语气的使用。三. 教学步骤：(一) 主语从句 概念主语从句是在复合句中充当

2、主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 连接词引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether；连接代词what，who，which, whose，whatever，whichever，whoever, whomever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。 基本用法1. that引导的主语从句既可以放在句首、句尾。只起连接作用，无任何意义,在主语从句中不作成分，一般不能省略。That we were invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.2. it 在主语从

3、句的用法在it引导的主语从句中，it主要充当形式主语。 1)It is 名词从句 It is a fact that .事实是 It is an honor that.非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that.是常识 2)it is 形容词从句 It is natural that.很自然 It is strange that.奇怪的是 3)it 不及物动词从句 It seems that.似乎 It happened that.碰巧 4)it + is 过去分词从句 It is reported that.据报道 It has been proved that.已证实

4、 it作形式主语与强调句的区别it 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.你没去看那场电影真是遗憾。 It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.你成功与否对我没有什么吸引力。3. if/ whether 引导的主语从句，whether 即可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾； if 引导

5、的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需要用it作形式主语。Whether/ if 只起连接作用，译成“是否”，在从句中不作成分。Whether he will go there or not is not clear.It is doubtful whether/ if the work can be completed.4. wh-类连接词引导的主语从句wh-类连接词在句中既起连接作用，又可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。Wh-类连接副词在句中起连接作用，在从句中还可充当时间、地点、原因、方式状语。What we should we do next remains unknown.Where we

6、 should do the test is still under discussion.5. 主语从句的单复数问题（1）从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。That he will come and help us is certain.（2）由what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但若从句的谓语或从句后的表语时复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。 如：What he said is true. What he needs are books._ we cant get seems better than _ we have._ well go camping tomorrow de

7、pends on the weather.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.It is necessary that a college student _(master) at least a foreign language.(二) 宾语从句 概念宾语

8、从句是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。 连接词引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether，if等，连接代词which, what, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever,等，连接副词when, where, why, how等。The way he did it was different from _ we were used to.He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _

9、 his teammates had done.Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do. 宾语从句的基本用法1) 宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me when we could set out the next day他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,37)When changing lanes, a driver should use his

10、 turning signal to let other drivers know_. A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering 2) 宾语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如：she says(that)she will leave a message on his deskShe says(that)she has never been to Moun

11、t Emei(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoonHe said that he was going to take care of the baby(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。She says that she _(be) t

12、o Mount Emei twiceHe says he _( read) at 3:00 yesterday afternoon.He said there _(be) no classes yesterday afternoonHe said that he _(be going to) take care of the babyHe said that light_(travel) much faster than sound3) 宾语从句中的虚拟语气在suggest，demand，order, insist等动词之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，即“（should）动词原形”： He sug

13、gested that we (should) set about doing the work at once.He suggested that we _( set about) doing the work at once.She insisted that we _(leave) before 7:00.4) it 可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而把真正的宾语that 从句放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。如： We heard it that she would get married next month. 我们听说她打算下个月结婚。Marx fo

14、und _ important to study situation in RussiaI felt _ an honour to be invited to make a speech hereI owe _to you that I am still alive.I dislike _when you whistle.5) 介词及形容词后接宾语从句1) 一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句2) 介词后如果接that从句，要先加上it,再加上that从句，即“介词itthat”结构3) 介词except, but, besides及in 后可接that 从句。4. whethe

15、r/if 引导的宾语从句表示“是否”的意思时，一般情况下可以互换，但是if引导的宾语从句可以有否定式，但是whether从句不能有；如果有or not, 则必须用whether.I am surprised at _ he said.You may depend on it _ they will support you.I know nothing about him except _ he lives here.I dont care _ he doesnt come.Im wondering _ hell come to party or not.(三) 表语从句 概念表语从句是在复合句

16、中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。 连接词可以接表语从句的常见连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。常由连接词that，whether；because, as if/though连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever；连接副词when，where，how，why引导。另外，常用的还有The reason is that. 和It is because 等结构。This is_ we cant get the support of the people

17、.The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time.It sounds _ someone is knocking at the door 用法1) 特定句型The reason whyis that如：The reason why he came late was that he got up late The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. This is why we cant get the

18、support of the people. The reason why he came late was_ he got up lateThe reason _ he left the company was that he couldnt see any future in it.2) 表语从句中的“是否”只能用whether, 不能用if.The question is whether he has signed the contract. 3) 表语从句中的虚拟语气如果主句的的主语是名词idea, advice, order, request, requirement等时,则表语从句

19、的谓语动词应用虚拟语气，即“（should）动词原形”。The doctors advice is that you ( should) rest more and drink more.My suggestion is that he _ (take) the job.The doctors advice is that she _(rest) more and drink more.4) as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。如：It sounds as if someone is kn

20、ocking at the door听上去好像有人在敲门。(四) 同位语从句 概念同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。I heard the news that our team had won我听到了我们队获胜的消息。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是

21、否同意这样一个问题。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城。 连接词同位语从句的引导词有: that, whether, who, what ,which ,when , where ,how, why 等。1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加是否的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加什么时候、什么地点、什么方式等

22、含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。They expressed the hope _we would go and visit Shanghai againThe student asked me the question _ the book was worth readingI have no idea _ he was excited at that time I have no impression _ he went home, perhaps by bike.I have no idea _ he will be back.Well discuss th

23、e problem _ the sports meeting will be held on time. 用法1) 常见的可以接同位语从句的词（抽象名词）news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word（消息），possibility等。The thought that we might succeed excited us.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.They are familiar wit

24、h the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.The news that our team has won the match is true. 2) 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开，即当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the cit

25、y.3) 同位语从句与定语从句的辨别（三大法宝） 看连接词是否在句中充当成分：定语从句：that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语）。同位语从句：that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher.He

26、lives in a room whose window faces south. 看是先行词与连接词是否可用be连接：定语从句：否。 同位语从句：可。The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.The news that our team has won the match is true. 看从句对先行词是起限定作用还是补充说明：定语从句：修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征。同位语从句：名词性质，其功能是对名词进行

27、补充说明。 The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. The news that Tom told me was true.The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. (五) 特别指导：名词性从句连接词的选用指导方针：“ 缺什么补什么”如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what；如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where；原因状语用why；方式状语用how；定语用what或which；什么都不缺用that,

28、 whether 或if连接词词义功能that无词义不作成分，起连接作用 whether/if是否不作成分，起连接作用what,which什么，哪个作主语、宾语、表语who,whom,whose谁，谁的作主语、宾语、定语when,where,how,why什么时候/地方，怎么样，为什么作状语how many/much多少作定语how soon/often/long/much多久，多久一次，多长，多么作状语whatever=anything that无论什么作主语、宾语、表语、定语whosever=anyone whose无论谁的作主语、宾语、表语、定语whichever=anything th

29、at无论哪个作主语、宾语、表语、定语whoever=anyone who无论谁作主语whomever=anyone whom无论谁作宾语_ he will come and help us is certain.He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _ his teammates had done.A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do. This is_ we cant get the support of the people.The qu

30、estion is _ he has signed the contract. I have no idea _ he will be back.It sounds _ someone is knocking at the door注：Wh-ever可以引导名词性从句和让步状语从句，而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。_I said, he wouldnt listen to me.I will give this dictionary to _ can win the first prize in the English contest.(六) 考点总结： 宾语从句1. 时态She says that she _(