大学英语翻译专项的应试策略与解题技巧.docx

1、大学英语翻译专项的应试策略与解题技巧一、命题特点翻译部分为汉译英，测试的是句子、短语或常用表达层次上的中译英能力，共5个句子，一句一题，句长为l530词。句中的一部分已用英文给出，要求考生根据全句意思将汉语部分译成英语。考试时间5分钟。翻译须符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯，要求用词准确。需要考生由汉语翻译成英语的部分，在意义上是一个独立的成分(但不是一个单词)，一般需要用到英语中某个词组短语，或者固定搭配，或者某种句型结构。翻译的标准还淡不上“信、达、雅”，只需要将汉语的意思完整地表达出来，符合英语表达方法和整个句子语法的要求，当然不能有时态语态和拼写方面的错误。二、翻译常见问题和应对政策理解表

2、达不到位是翻译的最大问题。理解关键在于理解句子的语法结构，表达关键在于符合英语语言的习惯来做适当调整。翻译的标准是准确、通顺、完整。方法是直译为主适当意译。三、解题方法：第一步：通读全句，正确理解。首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态。所谓形式包括：1词组固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等)2.虚拟3.被动所谓时态是指：根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。第二步：分析成分，划分意群。看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。第三步：选择词义，贴切表达。适当调整，书写译文。先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应

3、翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。例题详解1.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to _ (适应不同文化中的生活). 06.12解题步骤:第一步：由it is not easy to可以推出，划线处应该接动词原形。第二步：划分成分“适应不同文化的生活”核心谓语动词是“适应”，“不同文化的”作定语，“生活”作宾语。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“适应”=adapt; adapt to; adapt oneself to；“生活”=life；“不同文化的”=different cultures(2)

4、.重新组合：adapt oneself to the life in different cultures正确答案：adapt oneself to the life/living in different cultures翻 译：跨文化研究专家说，适应不同文化的生活不是一件容易的事情。考察知识点：词组固定搭配adapt oneself to sth/doing sth“适应2.Since my childhood I have found that (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).解题步骤:第一步：由Since my childhood I have found that可以推出，划线处应

5、该填写一个句子，时态需要根据后面的汉语意思作进一步的确定。第二步：划分成分“没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力”核心谓语动词是“比-更有吸引力”， “没有什么”作主语，“读书”作宾语，“对我”作状语。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“比-更有吸引力”= be more attractive to sb，“没有什么”=nothing，“读书”=reading，“对我”=for/to me。(2).重新组合：nothing is more attractive to me than reading正确答案：nothing is more attractive to me than reading翻 译：从

6、儿时起我就发现，没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力。考察知识点：比较级nothing+比较级=最高级；时态：因为从句叙述的是现在的事情，所以用一般现在是即可。3.The victim _(本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.解题步骤:第一步：由The victim if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if he had been taken to hospital in time确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去

7、的虚拟。第二步：划分成分“本来会有机会活下来”核心谓语动词是“本来有机会-”，“活下来”作宾语。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“本来有机会-”= would have had a chance to do sth，“活下来”=survive(2).重新组合：would have had a chance to survive.正确答案：would have had a chance to survive/of survival翻 译：如果遇难者被及时送往医院的话，他本来会有机会活下来的。考察知识点：虚拟语气与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句用had done，主句用would have done有机会

8、做某事：have a chance to do sth/of sth-“虚拟语气”在英语四级汉译英考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式：第一种：由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子(1). 与现在的事实相反：If - + were/did-, - + would do-If I were you , I would marry him. 如果我是你, 就会嫁给他。(2). 与过去的事实相反：If - + had done-, - +would have done-If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.如果你用功学习, 就会通过考

9、试了。(3). 与将来的事实可能相反：If -+ should do-, -+ would do-If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ?如果明天下雨,你怎么办?第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中从句谓语形式为：“-(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。类似用法的动词有：insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求)

10、 , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。第三种：用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulso

11、ry , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that -”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中第四种：用在It is time that - 结构中, 表示“该干某事了”, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式。It is ti

12、me (that) we went to bed .咱们该睡觉了。注意: time 前可加about (表示“大约”) 或high(表示“强调”) 等。4.Some psychologists claim that people_(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).解题步骤:第一步：由Some psychologists claim that people .可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句时态用一般现在时。第二步：划分成分“出门在外时可能会感到孤独”核心谓语动词是“可能会感到”，“孤独”作宾语，“出门在外时”作状语。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“可能会感到”= mig

13、ht feel，“孤独”=lonely，“出门在外时”be away from home.(2).重新组合：might feel lonely when they are away from home.正确答案：might feel lonely when they are away from home.翻 译：一些心理学家认为人们出门在外时可能会感到孤独。考察知识点：词性辨析 lonely. adj.孤独的、寂寞的；alone. adj.独自的难 点： “出门在外”的翻译。历年四级翻译真题、答案与解析09.687. Soon after he transferred to the new s

14、chool, Ali found that he had _(很难跟上班里的同学) in math and English.88. If shehour earlier, Mary _(就不会被大雨淋着了).89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are_(更有可能增加体重).90. (很多人所没有意识到的)_ is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.91. The study shows that the poor fun

15、ctioning of the human body is _(与缺乏锻炼密切相关).解析：87. difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates / difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates 本题考点非常明确，共有两个：一是四级核心词组keep up with sb (跟上某人)，二是核心短语have difficulty in doing sth (做某事是有困难的)，另外要注意另一类似短语，即have trouble in doing sth (做某事是有困难的)。88. wouldnt

16、have been caught by the heavy rain 本题的考点为两个：第一考查对虚拟语气的掌握,情态动词+完成时的结构。第二考查对短语be caught by 的掌握，意思为“被所困”， 另外注意对雨这个概念的修饰，一定要用heavy rain 而不是big rain 。89. more likely to put on weight首先判断本题应该使用短语be likely to 来表示“有可能做某事”，而“增加体重”的表达为put on weight ，除此之外，题目中表达的是“更有可能”，要加上more ，所以答案为more likely to put on weigh

17、t . 除此之外，我们还应该掌握其相关表达，比如说lose ones weight (减肥)，go on diet(节食)等。90. what many people dont realize / what a host of folks dont realize 本题考查主语从句，对考生来说并不难。91. closely linked to the lack of exercise / closely related to the lack of exercise 本题考点有两个，一是对固定搭配的考查，be linked to = be related to (与有关)以及the lack

18、of exercise(缺乏锻炼)；二是对修饰关系的考查，closely related是副词与动词的修饰关系。08.1287. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _(他们至今还没有答案).88._( 大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.89.Youd better take a sweater with you _(以防天气变冷).90.Through the project, man

19、y people have received training and _ (决定自己创业).91.The anti-virus agent was not known _ (直到一名医生偶然发现了它).解析：87. which/that they havent found answers to做四六级的翻译题实质是在补全句子，所以已给出的英文和要翻译的中文都要分析清楚。本句中要翻译的是一句完整的话，而横线前是名词problems，因此显然是个定语从句的考点，可以选择that或which做关联词，核心动词搭配是have answers to，另外“至今还”提醒我们句子是现在完成时的时态。88.

20、 What most parents care about / are concerned about或The concern of most parents很显然本句缺主语，有两种方法处理：主语从句或名词短语，核心词汇“关心”可以用concern或care about。89. in case it turns/should turn cold或lest it should turn cold一看到“以防”，马上要反应出“in case”或“lest”这类的连词。如果用“in case”，后面的从句常用一般现在时或should+动词原型；如果是用lest，一般是用should+动词原型。90.

21、 decided to start their own business本题的考察重点是不定式decide + to do，核心词组“自己创业”。91. until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctor本题考点是until引导的状语从句和被动语态的结合。“偶然”可以处理为by accident/chance或accidentally。08.687.Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research _(能应用于新技术的开发).88.I cant boot my comput

22、er now .Something _(一定出了毛病) with its operation system.89.Leaving ones job, _(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring.90._ (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.91. _(直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill.详解87.can be applied to the deve

23、lopment of new technology本题考查被动结构和两个词组：应用applyto以及新技术的开发the development of new technology.88. must be wrong考查词组“出毛病”something is/goes wrong，另外考查语气“一定”must.89. no matter what kind it is / whatever it is考查让步状语从句的用法90. Compared with the place where I grew up考查两点：与相比compared with；带定语从句的名词短语“我成长的地方”。91.

24、Not until he had accomplished the mission从主句谓语动词的倒装结构可以知道考查的是not until置于句首时的用法。not until置于句首时，until后用时间短语或正常语序的从句，主句用倒装。另外根据语义关系选择正确时态。07.1287. _(多亏了一系列的发明), doctors can treat this disease successfully.88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that _(我比以前更容易累了).89. I am going to pursue this course,

25、_(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _(它更加方便和省时).91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.详解：87. Thanks to/ Because of/ Owing to/ As a result of a series of new inventions本题考查“多亏

26、了”和“一系列”两个表达方法。88. I am more likely to get tired than before. / it is more likely for me to become tired than before. / I am more inclined to become tired than before.本题考点是“更容易”，使用be more likely to或be more inclined to.89. no matter what I have to sacrifice / whatever sacrifice I have to make本题考点“无论”

27、和“牺牲”，如果不会拼写sacrifice,可用pay代替。90. it is more convenient and less time-consuming / it is more convenient and time-saving. / it is more convenient and can save more time本题难点是“省时”，可用形容词或动词词组表示相同意义。91. is measured/evaluated by how much they can borrow/loan本题难点是被动语态。07.687.The finding of this study faile

28、d to _ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).88.The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _ (我们可以合作的领域).89.Because of the leg injury, the athlete_ (决定退出比赛).90.To make donations or for more information, please_ (按以下地址和我们联系).91.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning_(如果你方便的话).详解87.take peoples sleep quality into account/ consi

29、deration本题重点考查take sth into account这个短语。88.the field (where) we can cooperate / the field in which we can cooperate本题考查定语从句，而先行词作为前置宾语，后面引导的从句需要前置的介词。89.decided to quit the match本题考查对时态的判断能力90.contact us at the following address常见的祈使句表达91.if it is convenient for you / at your convenience本题考查词组at ones convenience.06.1287. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to _ (适应不同文化中的生活).88. Since my childhood I have found that(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).89. The victim(本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.90. Some psychologist