unit3全球化.docx

1、unit3全球化什么是全球化？全球化是描述全球社会出现的一个术语，在这个社会中，世界上一个区域在经济、政治、环境、文化方面的事件会很快对世界其它地区的人们产生重大影响。 What Is Globalization?Globalization is a term for the emergence of a global society in which economic, political, environmental, and cultural events in one part of the world quickly come to have significance for peo

2、ple in other parts of the world. 全球化是通信、运输、信息科技发展的结果。它体现了连接个体、社区、公司以及各国政府间日益增长的经济、政治、科技文化联系。 Globalization is the result of advances in communication, transportation, and information technologies. It describes the growing economic, political, technological, and cultural linkages that connect individ

3、uals, communities, businesses, and governments around the world. 全球化包括多国公司和跨国公司的成长。监管世界贸易和金融的国际机构在全球化时代发挥着日益重要的作用。 Globalization also involves the growth of multinational corporations and transnational corporations. The international institutions that oversee world trade and finance play an increasi

4、ngly important role in this era of globalization.尽管绝大多数人依然是单一国家的公民，然而他们却比以往任何时候在文化上、物质上、心理上更多地参与着其他国家人民的生活。 Although most people continue to live as citizens of a single nation, they are culturally, materially, and psychologically engaged with the lives of people in other countries as never before.

5、遥远的事件通常会产生迅速重大的影响，我们生活中的日常用品，如我们穿的衣服、吃的食物、开的汽车都是全球化的产品。Distant events often have an immediate and significant impact. Items common to our everyday livessuch as the clothes we wear, the food we eat, and the cars we driveare the products of globalization.全球化最明显的证据是贸易和资本（股票、债券、货币和其他投资）流动的增长。自1950年到2001

6、年全球出口额增加了20倍。到2001年世界贸易已增至全球生产的产品和提供的服务总和的四分之一。 The most dramatic evidence of globalization is the increase in trade and the movement of capital (stocks, bonds, currencies, and other investments). From 1950 to 2001 the volume of world exports rose by 20 times. By 2001 world trade amounted to a quart

7、er of all the goods and services produced in the world. 就资本而言，在20世纪70年代早期，日成交货币只有一百亿美元到两百亿美元。到21世纪初，日货币交易已逾1.5兆亿美元。 As for capital, in the early 1970s only $10 billion to $20 billion in national currencies were exchanged daily. By the early part of the 21st century more than $1.5 trillion were trade

8、d daily to support the expanded levels of trade and investment.大多数专家认为全球化是通信、运输和信息科技改善的结果。例如，由于通讯和信息处理的革新，不仅货币，股票、债券以及其它金融资产一天二十四小时都能够在全球范围内进行交易。 Most experts attribute globalization to improvements in communication, transportation and information technologies. For example, not only currencies, but

9、also stocks, bonds, and other financial assets can be traded round the clock and around the world due to innovations in communication and information processing. 从纽约到伦敦一个三分钟长的电话在1930年花费超过300美元（按2000年的价格计算），瞬间的通信非常昂贵。如今这类花费已微不足道。A three-minute telephone call from New York to London in 1930 cost more

10、than $300 (in year 2000 prices), making instant communication very expensive. Today the cost is insignificant. 通信和信息技术的进步使得商业订单的处理成本节省90%以上。比如，利用计算机在互联网上进行银行交易，对银行业来说每笔花费几分钱，而用传统方法就会花费数美元。 Advance in communication and information technologies have helped slash the cost of processing business orders

11、by well over 90 percent. Using a computer to do banking on the Internet, for example, costs the banking industry pennies per transaction instead of dollars by traditional methods. 20世纪的后30年计算机处理能力的世纪成本平均每年下降30%。人们几乎在任何地方都能与他们的顾客、家人一周七天、一天24小时保持迅捷的联系。Over the last third of the 20th century the real c

12、ost of computer processing power fell by 35 percent on average each year. People can be almost anywhere and remain in instant communication with their employees, customers, or families 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.通信领域的进步将全球的人们随时联系起来。例如通讯卫星使全球广播、电视新闻事件、如战争、国家灾难、体育赛事和其他娱乐活动等。互联网、手机和传真机实现了迅捷通讯。Advanc

13、es in communication instantly unite people around the globe. For example, communications satellites allow global televisions to bring news of faraway events, such as wars and national disasters as well as sports and other forms of entrainment. The Internet, the cell phone, and the fax machine permit

14、 instantaneous communication.全球化的另一表现是交通运输条件的改善。喷气式飞机的日次货物传递使世界变得越来越小。即使是速度缓慢的远洋运输货轮也由于集装箱货运这样的革新，提高了效率、降低了成本。Improvements in transportation are also part of globalization. The world becomes smaller due to next-day delivery by jet airplane. Even slow, oceangoing vessels have streamlined transportati

15、on and lowered costs due to innovations such as containerized shipping.信息科技的进步也降低了商业成本。例如，按股票市场价值计算，全球思科系统公司是世界上最大的公司之一。然而思科仅有三家工厂生产用于互联网维护的设备，而将其他的工作转包给了别的公司。Advances in information technologies have also lowered business costs. The global corporation Cisco Systems, for example, is one of the world

16、s largest companies as measured by its stock market value. Yet Cisco owns only three factories to make the equipment used to help maintain the Internet. Cisco subcontracts the rest of its work to other companies around the world.成本的降低使美国公司得以移到海外，同时也使外国制造商在美国境内设厂更为容易。日本丰田汽车公司在北美销售的汽车三分之二是在北美制造的。The l

17、owering of costs that has enabled U. S. companies to locate abroad has also made it easier for foreign producers to locate in the United States. Two-thirds of the automobiles sold in North America by Japans Toyota Motor Company are built in North America.不仅是货物、货币和信息在迅速地长途移动，越来越多的人口也在大范围快速流动。移民是全球化时代

18、的一个重要特征。工人们寄回本国的钱已经成为很多国家的重要收入来源。Not only do goods, money, and information move great distances quickly, but also more people are moving great distances as well. Migration is a major feature of this era of globalization. Remittances sent home by workers to their home countries have become an importa

19、nt source of income for many countries.4尊重知识产权，推动自主创新改革开放以来，中国经济飞速发展，对外贸易成绩显著。中国经济和对外贸易发展的良好局面来之不易，这与我国政府尊重合重视知识产权分不开的。Rejuvenating Trade Through Science and Technology and IPR Protection Since reform and opening up, Chinas economy has been developing rapidly with tremendous achievements in foreign

20、trade. The upbeat situation of Chinas economy and foreign trade is hard won, and is inseparable from the respect and attention paid by the Chinese government to IPR protection. 随着科学技术的发展，知识经济的兴起和经济全球化的加快，知识产权的重要性得到了历史性的提升。 With the development of science and technology, the rise of knowledge-based e

21、conomy, and the acceleration of economic globalization, the importance of intellectual property has been enhanced historically. 经过二十多年的努力，中国知识产权事业全面发展，为鼓励自主创新，增强自主研发能力，提高国际竞争力提供了坚实基础和有利保障。Through efforts over the last two decades, intellectual property has gained overall development in China, thus l

22、aying a solid foundation and constituting a strong guarantee for encouraging independent innovation, strengthening independent research and development capacity, and boosting international competitiveness. 当今世界，知识产权制度的变革与发展已进入一个空前活跃的阶段，知识产权在世界经济、科技和贸易中的重要地位日益显现，并成为促进一个国家经济发展的至关重要的因素。 In todays world

23、, the reform and development of IPR system has entered an unprecedented dynamic stage. Intellectual property has played an increasingly prominent role in world economy, science and technology and trade, as well as a vital factor behind a nations economic growth. 强化知识产权制度，已成为世界各国发展科技、经济和增强国力的必然选择。 To

24、 strengthen their IPR protection system has become a natural choice for countries that wish to develop science, technology and economy and enhance national strength. 日本明确提出从科技立国到知识产权立国的基本国策；美国将知识产权当作国家基础性的战略资源，Japan has explicitly put forward the basic state policy of “building the country through i

25、ntellectual property”, replacing the previous one of “building the country through science and technology”. The U. S. takes intellectual property as a fundamental national strategic resource. 把强化知识产权作为重要的竞争手段，把深化知识产权管理特别是对专利的管理作为指导科技、经济结构调整以及产业技术结构优化升级的重要手段。 It identifies IPR protection as an import

26、ant tool in competition, and deepening IPR management, especially patent management, as a significant instrument to guide technological innovation, economic restructuring and optimization and upgrading of industrial technological structure. 从国际大环境来看，知识产权保护范围正在不断扩大，知识产权保护水平正在进一步提高，围绕知识产权的竞争日益加剧。知识产权已

27、成为连接技术、经济和贸易的纽带。In this global context, the coverage of IPR protection is widening, the level of protection is becoming higher, and competition centering on IPR is getting ever fiercer. Intellectual property has become a bridge linking technology, economy and trade.未来15年，是中国走新型工业化道路，实现全面建设小康社会奋斗目标的关

28、键时期，也是我国实现贸易大国向贸易强国跨越的关键时期。 The coming 15 years is a crucial period for China to take a new approach to industrialization and realize the objective of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and also a crucial period for China to transform itself from a big trading country to a strong tradi

29、ng power. 要实现外贸增长方式的根本转变，提高对外贸易的质量和效益，就必须重视自主知识产权和自主品牌的带动作用，通过加强知识产权制度建设，提高企业自主创新能力和核心竞争力。 The fundamental transformation of the developmental mode of foreign trade and improvement of the quality and effect of foreign trade demand attention to the driving role of proprietary IPR and brands. Through

30、a strengthening IPR system, the innovation capability and core competitiveness of enterprises will be enhanced. 没有完善的知识产权保护体系，中国的自主创新的能力就不可能得到释放，这不仅关系中国的形象，更影响我们自身的发展，事关中国的利益。Without a sound IPR protection system, it will be impossible for China to release its independent innovation capability. That

31、 has a bearing not only on Chinas image but also on her development and her interests.本世纪前20年，是中国走新型工业化道路，全面建设小康社会，加速现代化建设进程的战略机遇期。 The first 2 decades of this century is a period of strategic opportunities for China to take a new approach to industrialization, build a well-off society in an all-rou

32、nd way and expedite the modernization drive. 我们要牢牢把握机遇，利用和保护知识产权，培育和推动企业自主创新能力建设，加快创造和培育中国高科技的自主知识产权和自主品牌的步伐。 We must grip the opportunities, protect and utilize IPR, foster and promote capacity building among enterprises for independent innovation, and accelerate the creation and cultivation of chinas proprietary IPR and brands in the high-tech sector. 我们要让全世界知道，这个不只是只有价廉物美的纺织品和轻工产品，还有更多体现中华民族聪明才智和自主知识产权高新技术产品和自主品牌。We will show the whole world that China not only makes textile and light industry products featuring low price and good quality, but also makes h