北师版初二下英语第12讲Unit6语法篇 学生版.docx

1、北师版初二下英语第12讲Unit6语法篇 学生版Unit 6 语法篇_学生通过本讲学习|，能够掌握本单元的重点词汇句型|，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。直接引语变间接引语（一）人称: “一随主。二随宾|，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时|，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如: She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时|，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二

2、人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称|，如: He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如: Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。 （二）时态: 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。

3、如: 1)She said. I have lost a pen.She said she had lost a pen 2)She said. We hope so.She said they hoped so. (1) 一般现在时变为一般过去时 (2) 现在进行时变为过去进行时 (3) 一般将来时变为过去将来时 (4) 现在完成时变为过去完成时 (5) 一般过去时变为过去完成时(6) 过去完成时不变|，仍为过去完成时 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时|，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理。 The earth moves around the sun and the m

4、oon moves around the earth|， the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 直接引语是过去进行时|，时态不变。如: Jack said. John|， where were you going when I met you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 直接引语中有具体

5、的过去某年、某月、某日作状语|，变为间接引语时|，时态不变。如: Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l|， 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20|， 1980。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作|，变间接引语|，时态不变。如: He said|， I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to|， had better|，

6、used to)和已经是过去时的形式时|，(例:could|， should|， would|， might)不再变。如: Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day。 （三）如何变状语: 直接引语变间接引语|，状语变化有其内在规津|，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例:now变为then|， yesterday。变为 the day before)地点状语|，尤其表示方向性的|，或用指示代词修饰的状语|，由“此”改为“彼”(例:this 改为that)|，如: He

7、 said|， These books are mine. He said those books were his. 指示代词 thisthese thesethose 表示时间的词 nowthen todaythat day this week(month |，etc)that week (month |，etc) yesterdaythe day before last week(month |，etc)the week(month |，etc) before three days (a year |，etc) agothree days (a year. etc) before tom

8、orrowthe next (following ) day next week (month |，etc)the next (following ) week (month |，etc) 表地点的词 herethere 动词 bringtake comego （四）句型: 直接引语如果是陈述句|，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:She said|， Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句|，选择疑问句或一般疑问句|，

9、间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:He said|， Can you swim|， John? He asked John if he could swim. You have finished the homework|， havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. Do you go to school by bus or by bike? He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直

10、接引语如果是特殊问句|，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。 She asked me|， When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引语如果是祈使句|，间接引语应改为tell(ask|， order|， beg等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如: Dont make any noise|， she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to mak

11、e any noise. Bring me a cup of tea|， please|， said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句|，变为间接引语时|，通常用“suggest +动句词(或从句)。”如: He said|， Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.1.- When are the Shutes leaving for

12、 New York?- Pardon?- I asked _.Awhen are the Shutes leaving for New YorkBwhen the Shutes are leaving for New YorkCwhen were the Shutes leaving for New YorkDwhen the Shutes were leaving for New York2. He asked me|， How long will it take to go there by plane?He asked me _.Ahow long it would take to go

13、 there by planeBhow long will it take to go there by planeChow long would it take to go there by planeDhow long it will take to go there by plane 3.He asked her|， When are you going to Shanghai?He asked her_ .Awhen is she going to ShanghaiBwhen she is going to ShanghaiCwhen she was going to Shanghai

14、Dwhen was she going to Shanghai 4.Mike asked me|， When will their plane land?Mike asked me _.Awhen their plane will landBwhen will their plane landCwhen their plane would landDwhen would their plane land 5. He asked|， Are you a Party member or a League member?He asked me _a Party member or a League

15、member.Aam I Bif I was C. was I Dwhether was I 解析：1. 主句用一般过去时|，所以从句的时态必须是过去的相应时态|，宾语从句用陈述语序。故选D2. 本句里直接引语是特殊疑问句|，引导词用原句里的how long|， 疑问句语序变为陈述句语序|，一般将来时改为过去将来时|，故答案为A.3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句|，改为间接引语时要用陈述句的语序|，人称和时态也要作相应的变化。故选C4. 直接引语为特殊疑问句时|，间接引语里还是用疑问词引导|，语序应改为陈述语序|，人称和时态都应作相应的变化。故选C5. 题意:他问我是一名党员还是一名团员。宾语从句是

16、由一个一般疑问句式的直接引语变化而来的。主句为一般过去时|，宾语从句也应用过去时态|，且宾语从句应用陈述语序。一般疑问句变为间接引语时|，应用if或whether引导宾语从句|，故选B.基础演练一 单选1. He asked her|， Where are you going?He asked her _.Awhere she is going toBwhere she was going toCwhere she was goingDwhere she is going2 “Who told you about it?” he asked her.He asked her _about it

17、.Athat who told youBwho told herCwho had told herDwho had told you3 - Has Li Hong gone to the library?- Pardon?- I asked _the library.Aif Li Hong had gone toBif had Li Hong gone toCLi Hong had gone toDhas Li Hong gone to4 The teacher asked|， Are you waiting for the bus?The teacher asked _for the bus

18、.AI was waiting Bwas I waiting Cyou are waiting Dif I was waiting5 He asked me|， “Did you see my sister last night?” He asked me _.Aif I had seen his sister the night beforeBwhether I had seen your sister the night beforeCdid I have seen his sister the night beforeDthat I saw his sister the night be

19、fore6 “Do you like English or Chinese?” she asked.She asked _English or Chinese.Aif do I like Bwhether I liked Cif did I liked Dwhether did I liked7 He asked me|， “Did you go to my sisters party last night?” (变为间接引语) He asked me _.Aif I had gone to his sisters party the night beforeBwhether I had go

20、ne to your sisters party the night beforeCdid I go to his sisters party the night beforeDthat I went to his sisters party the night before8 - He asked Tom|， “Have you finished your homework?”- He asked Tom _ .Aif had he finished his homeworkBwhether he had finished his homeworkCif he has finished hi

21、s homeworkDif you had finished your homework9 He asked|， Are you a teacher or a student?He asked _.Awhether I was a teacher or a studentBif I was a teacher or a studentCwhether you were a teacher or a studentDif you were a teacher or a student10 Is there anyone here? he asked.He asked _Awhether ther

22、e was anyone here or notBif was there anyone thereCif there was anyone thereDif was there anyone here二、用单词正确形式填空1.I wont return the book to the library because I _ (not finish) reading it.2. As soon as he saw me|， he _ to speak to me. (stop)3. I hope he _ (come) back in a week.4. It _ (rain) hard wh

23、en I got to the factory this morning.5. The old man told the children _ (not walk) in the rice fields.6. He told me he _ (help) her with her maths the next evening.7 .She said they _ (know) each other for quite some time.8 .If it _ (not rain) tomorrow|， we _ (visit) the Poples Museum.9. John _ (writ

24、e) something when I _ (go) to see him.10. Our teacher told us that light _ (travel) much faster than sound.巩固提高把下列句子直接引语变间接引语1 Why do you stay at home? My father asked. (把直接引语改为间接引语)My father asked _I _at home.2 “When do you have your art lesson?” Mum asked me. (把直接引语改为间接引语)Mum asked me _art lessons

25、.3 She asked me|， Do you know when to go to Xinjiang Exhibition Center? (把直接引语变为间接引语)She asked me _I_ when to go to Xinjiang Exhibition Center.4 Jack|， can you help with the dinner? Jacks mother asked. (把直接引语改成间接引语)Jack was asked _he _help with the dinner.5 The doctor asked him |， Are you feeling be

26、tter today? (把直接引语变为间接引语)The doctor said to him _he _feeling better_.6 “Are you doing your homework?” Tom asked me. Tom wanted to know _7 “Why do you like this book?” said Sara. Sara asked me_8 “What does your father do?”he asked He asked _9 “Where is the post office?” asked Tina.Tina asked me _10 “

27、When can you go to play basketball with me?”he asked He wanted to know _1I dont know _ he will come tomorrow_ he comes|，Ill tell youAif|；Whether Bwhether|；WhetherCif|；That Dif|；If2I dont know _ the day after tomorrow Awhen does he come Bhow will he come Cif he comes Dwhether hell come3Could you tell

28、 me _ the nearest hospital is？ Awhat Bhow Cwhether Dwhere4Could you tell me _ the radio without any help？Ahow did he mend Bwhat did he mendChow he mended Dwhat he mended5I want to know _ Awhom is she looking after Bwhom she is lookingCwhom is she looking Dwhom she is looking after6Do you know where _ now？