北师版初二下英语第12讲Unit6语法篇 学生版.docx
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北师版初二下英语第12讲Unit6语法篇学生版
Unit6语法篇
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学生通过本讲学习||，能够掌握本单元的重点词汇句型||，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。
直接引语变间接引语
（一）人称:
“一随主。
二随宾||，第三人称不更新”。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时||，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:
Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithme."→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时||，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或被第二人你所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语。
也可以用第一人称||，如:
HesaidtoKate."Howisyoursisternow?
"→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:
MrSmithsaid。
"Jackisagoodworker。
"→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。
（二）时态:
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
如:
1）Shesaid."Ihavelostapen."→Shesaidshehadlostapen
2）Shesaid."Wehopeso."→Shesaidtheyhopedso.
（1）一般现在时变为一般过去时
（2）现在进行时变为过去进行时
（3）一般将来时变为过去将来时
（4）现在完成时变为过去完成时
（5）一般过去时变为过去完成时
（6）过去完成时不变||，仍为过去完成时但要注意在以下几种情况下。
在直接引语变为间接引语时||，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
"Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth||，theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。
②直接引语是过去进行时||，时态不变。
如:
Jacksaid."John||，wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?
"→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语||，变为间接引语时||，时态不变。
如:
XiaoWangsaid."IwasbornonApril2l||，1980。
"→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20||，1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。
表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作||，变间接引语||，时态不变。
如:
Hesaid||，"Igetupatsixeverymorning。
"→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例:
oughtto||，hadbetter||，usedto）和已经是过去时的形式时||，（例:
could||，should||，would||，might）不再变。
如:
Petersaid."Youhadbettercomehavetoday。
"→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday。
（三）如何变状语:
直接引语变间接引语||，状语变化有其内在规津||，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例:
now变为then||，yesterday。
变为thedaybefore）地点状语||，尤其表示方向性的||，或用指示代词修饰的状语||，由“此”改为“彼”（例:
this改为that）||，如:
Hesaid||，"Thesebooksaremine."→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.指示代词this……thesethese……those表示时间的词now……thentoday……thatdaythisweek（month||，etc）……thatweek（month||，etc）yesterday……thedaybeforelastweek（month||，etc）……theweek（month||，etc）beforethreedays（ayear||，etc）ago……threedays（ayear.etc）beforetomorrow……thenext（following）daynextweek（month||，etc）……thenext（following）week（month||，etc）表地点的词here……there动词bring……takecome……go
（四）句型:
①直接引语如果是陈述句||，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。
如:
Shesaid||，"Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes."→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句||，选择疑问句或一般疑问句||，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:
Hesaid||，"Canyouswim||，John?
"→HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim."Youhavefinishedthehomework||，haven‘tyou?
"mymotherasked.→MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework."Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?
"→HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句||，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
Sheaskedme||，"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?
"→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句||，间接引语应改为"tell（ask||，order||，beg等）sb（not）todosth."句型。
如:
"Don’tmakeanynoise||，"shesaidtothechildren.→Shetold（ordered）thechildrennottomakeanynoise."Bringmeacupoftea||，please||，"saidshe.→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句||，变为间接引语时||，通常用“suggest+动句词（或从句）。
”如:
Hesaid||，"Let’sgotothefilm."→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.
1.---WhenaretheShutesleavingforNewYork?
---Pardon?
---Iasked______________________________________.
A．whenaretheShutesleavingforNewYork
B．whentheShutesareleavingforNewYork
C．whenweretheShutesleavingforNewYork
D．whentheShuteswereleavingforNewYork
2..Heaskedme||，"Howlongwillittaketogotherebyplane?
"
Heaskedme______________________________________.
A．howlongitwouldtaketogotherebyplane
B．howlongwillittaketogotherebyplane
C．howlongwouldittaketogotherebyplane
D．howlongitwilltaketogotherebyplane
3.Heaskedher||，"WhenareyougoingtoShanghai?
"
Heaskedher___________________________________.
A．whenisshegoingtoShanghai
B．whensheisgoingtoShanghai
C．whenshewasgoingtoShanghai
D．whenwasshegoingtoShanghai
4.Mikeaskedme||，"Whenwilltheirplaneland?
"
Mikeaskedme_______________________________.
A．whentheirplanewillland
B．whenwilltheirplaneland
C．whentheirplanewouldland
D．whenwouldtheirplaneland
5.Heasked||，"AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?
"
Heaskedme______aPartymemberoraLeaguemember.
A．amIB．ifIwasC.wasID．whetherwasI
解析：
1.主句用一般过去时||，所以从句的时态必须是过去的相应时态||，宾语从句用陈述语序。
故选D
2.本句里直接引语是特殊疑问句||，引导词用原句里的howlong||，疑问句语序变为陈述句语序||，一般将来时改为过去将来时||，故答案为A.
3.直接引语为特殊疑问句||，改为间接引语时要用陈述句的语序||，人称和时态也要作相应的变化。
故选C
4.直接引语为特殊疑问句时||，间接引语里还是用疑问词引导||，语序应改为陈述语序||，人称和时态都应作相应的变化。
故选C
5.题意:
他问我是一名党员还是一名团员。
宾语从句是由一个一般疑问句式的直接引语变化而来的。
主句为一般过去时||，宾语从句也应用过去时态||，且宾语从句应用陈述语序。
一般疑问句变为间接引语时||，应用if或whether引导宾语从句||，故选B.
基础演练
一单选
1.Heaskedher||，"Whereareyougoing?
"
Heaskedher____________________________.
A．wheresheisgoingto
B．whereshewasgoingto
C．whereshewasgoing
D．wheresheisgoing
2“Whotoldyouaboutit?
”heaskedher.
Heaskedher____________________aboutit.
A．thatwhotoldyou
B．whotoldher
C．whohadtoldher
D．whohadtoldyou
3---HasLiHonggonetothelibrary?
---Pardon?
---Iasked____________________thelibrary.
A．ifLiHonghadgoneto
B．ifhadLiHonggoneto
C．LiHonghadgoneto
D．hasLiHonggoneto
4Theteacherasked||，"Areyouwaitingforthebus?
"
Theteacherasked__________________forthebus.
A．IwaswaitingB．wasIwaitingC．youarewaitingD．ifIwaswaiting
5Heaskedme||，“Didyouseemysisterlastnight?
”
Heaskedme____________________________.
A．ifIhadseenhissisterthenightbefore
B．whetherIhadseenyoursisterthenightbefore
C．didIhaveseenhissisterthenightbefore
D．thatIsawhissisterthenightbefore
6“DoyoulikeEnglishorChinese?
”sheasked.
Sheasked__________________EnglishorChinese.
A．ifdoIlikeB．whetherIlikedC．ifdidIlikedD．whetherdidIliked
7Heaskedme||，“Didyougotomysister'spartylastnight?
”（变为间接引语）
Heaskedme__________________________________.
A．ifIhadgonetohissister'spartythenightbefore
B．whetherIhadgonetoyoursister'spartythenightbefore
C．didIgotohissister'spartythenightbefore
D．thatIwenttohissister'spartythenightbefore
8---HeaskedTom||，“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?
”
---HeaskedTom_____________________________.
A．ifhadhefinishedhishomework
B．whetherhehadfinishedhishomework
C．ifhehasfinishedhishomework
D．ifyouhadfinishedyourhomework
9Heasked||，"Areyouateacherorastudent?
"
Heasked___________________________.
A．whetherIwasateacherorastudent
B．ifIwasateacherorastudent
C．whetheryouwereateacherorastudent
D．ifyouwereateacherorastudent
10"Isthereanyonehere?
"heasked.
Heasked_______________
A．whethertherewasanyonehereornot
B．ifwasthereanyonethere
C．iftherewasanyonethere
D．ifwasthereanyonehere
二、用单词正确形式填空
1.Iwon'treturnthebooktothelibrarybecauseI_______（notfinish）readingit.
2.Assoonashesawme||，he_______tospeaktome.（stop）
3.Ihopehe_______（come）backinaweek.
4.It_______（rain）hardwhenIgottothefactorythismorning.
5.Theoldmantoldthechildren_______（notwalk）inthericefields.
6.Hetoldmehe_______（help）herwithhermathsthenextevening.
7.Shesaidthey_______（know）eachotherforquitesometime.
8.Ifit_______（notrain）tomorrow||，we_______（visit）thePople'sMuseum.
9.John_______（write）somethingwhenI_______（go）toseehim.
10.Ourteachertoldusthatlight_______（travel）muchfasterthansound.
巩固提高
把下列句子直接引语变间接引语
1"Whydoyoustayathome?
"Myfatherasked.（把直接引语改为间接引语）
Myfatherasked___________I_____________athome.
2“Whendoyouhaveyourartlesson?
”Mumaskedme.（把直接引语改为间接引语）
Mumaskedme_____________________________artlessons.
3Sheaskedme||，"DoyouknowwhentogotoXinjiangExhibitionCenter?
"（把直接引语变为间接引语）
Sheaskedme_________I___________whentogotoXinjiangExhibitionCenter.
4"Jack||，canyouhelpwiththedinner?
"Jack'smotherasked.（把直接引语改成间接引语）
Jackwasasked________he____________________helpwiththedinner.
5Thedoctoraskedhim||，"Areyoufeelingbettertoday?
"（把直接引语变为间接引语）
Thedoctorsaidtohim______he_________feelingbetter______________.
6“Areyoudoingyourhomework?
”Tomaskedme.
Tomwantedtoknow_________________________
7“Whydoyoulikethisbook?
”saidSara.
Saraaskedme___________________________
8“Whatdoesyourfatherdo?
”heasked
Heasked___________________________
9“Whereisthepostoffice?
”askedTina.
Tinaaskedme________________________
10“Whencanyougotoplaybasketballwithme?
”heasked
Hewantedtoknow__________________________________
1．Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow．_________hecomes||，I'lltellyou．
A．if||；WhetherB．whether||；Whether
C．if||；ThatD．if||；If
2．Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow．
A．whendoeshecomeB．howwillhecomeC．ifhecomesD．whetherhe'llcome
3．Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis？
A．whatB．howC．whetherD．where
4．Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp？
A．howdidhemendB．whatdidhemend
C．howhemendedD．whathemended
5．Iwanttoknow_________．
A．whomisshelookingafterB．whomsheislooking
C．whomisshelookingD．whomsheislookingafter
6．Doyouknowwhere_________now？
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