The problems of SinoUS trade relations and Chinas strategy.docx

1、The problems of SinoUS trade relations and Chinas strategyThe problems of Sino-US trade relations and Chinas strategy.Abstract With the increasingly close contacts and exchanges between China and the United States in political, economic and cultural fields, the trade volume between the two countries

2、 have been continuously growing, and the trade structure is also changing. At the same time the trade conflicts between the two countries is becoming more and more frequent, mainly in trade imbalance, the U.S. anti-dumping issues with China, textile trade issues, agricultural trade issues and intell

3、ectual property issues. To Chinese products, U.S. has been taking more and more measures such as anti-dumping, anti- subsidy, and peculiar safeguard measures, which is a serious distortion of free trade. According to the traditional international economic theory, any distortion of free trade will do

4、 harm to trade-countrys social welfare level, and cause deadweight loss to the whole world, and is also not in accordance with the symptomatic rules. There is no doubt that the growing trade conflicts is putting increasingly negative impacts on the smooth development of Sino-US economic and trade re

5、lations. This phenomenon has aroused interests of many people, and so how to view this and how to deal with it become the major issues of common concern for Chinas government, business and academia. This thesis first outlined the current situation of Sino-US trade and the forms of Sino-US trade conf

6、licts, and then explained in detail step by step from the aspects such as the multi-level reasons of the Sino-US trade conflicts, the influences of trade conflicts on Chinas economy and trade, and Chinas measures to deal with trade conflicts. The main forms of trade include three aspects such as two

7、 unfavorable terms,technical barriers to trade (TBT), national legislation of US and anti- subsidy measures. Trade conflicts are not only favorable, but also adverse to Chinas economic development. The favorable sides are: trade conflicts can speed up the upgrading of product structure, be conducive

8、 to cultivating Chinas competitive industries, to developing Chinas foreign direct investment, to promoting diversification strategy of Chinas export market and transforming economic growth mode, can help to improve Chinas overall national welfare and to build a socialist harmonious society. The adv

9、erse sides are: the growing trade conflicts strengthened the mindset of US of safeguard against China emergence and rise and destroyed the normal bilateral trade relations. With the overflow effect, trade conflicts have many restrictions to Chinas exports and United States has asked China to strengt

10、hen the protection of intellectual property.Key words: Sino-US trade；trade conflicts；influences on Chinas economy and trade； Countermeasures摘要 随着中国和美国政治、经济、文化交往的日益密切,两国间贸易额持续增长,贸易结构也在不断变化。与此同时两国贸易摩擦也不断增多,主要表现在贸易不平衡问题、美国对华反倾销问题、纺织品贸易问题、农产品贸易问题以及知识产权问题等。美国对中国产品采取越来越多的反倾销、反补贴以及实行特别保障措施,是对自由贸易的严重扭曲。根据传统

11、的国际经济学理论,任何对自由贸易的扭曲都将损害贸易国的社会福利水平,给整个世界带来“无谓损失”,也不符合“对症规则”。 毫无疑问,日益增多的贸易摩擦正在对中美经贸关系的顺利发展产生越来越大的负面影响。如何来看待这一现象?又如何加以应对?已成为我国政府、企业及学术界所共同关注的重大问题。本文从简述中美贸易贸易的现状及贸易摩擦的表现形式开始,依次对中美贸易摩擦的多层次原因、贸易摩擦对中国经贸的影响、中国的应对措施等方面进行了详尽细致的阐述。贸易摩擦的表现形式主要有三个方面:两大“不利条款”、技术性贸易壁垒、美国的国内法及反补贴措施。贸易摩擦对中国经济发展既有有利的一面,同时也有不利的一面。有利方面

12、体现在:加速产品的结构升级,有利于培养我国的竞争优势产业,有利于推动我国对外直接投资的发展,有利于我国推动出口市场多元化战略,有利于提高中国整体国民福利,建设社会主义和谐社会。中美贸易摩擦对我国经济发展的消极影响主要体现在:贸易摩擦增强了美国对中国崛起的防范心态,贸易摩擦破坏了双边的正常经贸关系,贸易摩擦具有“溢出效应,中美贸易摩擦对我国的出口有较大限制,美国要求中国加强对知识产权的保。关键词：中美经贸；贸易摩擦；经贸影响；应对措施；. New Features of Sino-US trade friction1.1Trade friction products gradually from

13、 light industry, chemical industry and other low value-added products, high value-added products extended to the mechanical and electrical. U.S. anti-dumping cases, involving light industry, textile and chemical products, in the U.S. anti-dumping cases in the total number of cases in the 80 years fr

14、om the 20th century the proportion of 88.8% in the last century 90s 70% and 48.22% the end of 2005. Over the same period, the proportion of electromechanical products was 5.5 years from 80% to 25.4%.1.2Diversification of forms of trade friction. Anti-dumping, technical barriers to trade and other Si

15、no-US trade friction is the main form. At present, had safeguard clause and the application of safeguard measures and other aspects of the transfer, and may become an important means of protecting U.S. trade. As the safeguard clause simply start the program, Chinas exports are vulnerable to restrict

16、ions.1.3Trade friction began transforming the micro level to macro level. Because of some industries and products (such as clothing and other labor-intensive products) dependence on the larger U.S. market, increasing trade friction will be Chinas main exports to the U.S. caused considerable loss of

17、business, and inhibition of Chinas foreign trade economy Rapid growth. In addition, the trade friction of the overflow effect also spread to the political field, but non-market economy clause may make the field of Sino-US trade friction from the micro to the macro-sectors. Analysis of Sino-US trade

18、friction Trade friction between countries differences in the country have their own different reasons. Since the establishment of bilateral economic and trade relations between China and the U.S. the two countries had already started to trade friction. Fundamentally, this is China and the U.S. domes

19、tic economic situation is closely related to.2.1 Sino-US trade imbalance is the most important factor in economic and trade frictions. U.S. economist Joseph Stiglitz proved that with the economic model, one country with another countrys current account deficit if more than 1.5% of GDP, will occur be

20、tween the two countries, the fierce friction; If more than 2% to will cause retaliatory measures; if a countrys trade surplus more than 25% of the country -30%, it will turn into political problems. According to Chinese statistics, Sino-US trade balance and the ratio of GDP from 1.04% in 1993 rose t

21、o 3.45% in 2002; other U.S. statistics also show that the balance of trade between the two countries the ratio of Chinas GDP in 1993 3.79% to 8.33% in 2002, regardless of where the statistical data show that Sino-US economic and trade relations between the friction will cause serious problems. Moreo

22、ver, Chinas trade surplus in 2003 bilateral trade has reached 46.39%. So, the scale of Sino-US trade imbalance, the issue has evolved into the U.S. domestic political issue, but also trapped in China in the Sino-US trade friction and the main factor in the unfavorable position.2.2 U.S. export growth

23、 and trade frictions remain key to growing. With Chinas rapid economic development, rapid expansion of Chinas foreign trade, especially exports to the U.S. growth is rapid. Trade frictions between the two countries inevitably increase, which is the development of international trade is bound to pay

24、the price. At present, Chinas dependence on foreign trade in 1990 increased 30% to the current 70%. U.S. exports to China are often at a certain time in several products, and export volume is large, while the U.S. is a political body of all regions and sectors of the complex collection of interest g

25、roups, and the requirements of these interest groups , calls can often be more fully reflected the political. Therefore, some industries, the regional economy are or may be imported if the impact of interest groups are usually represented as much as possible to ask the Federal Government for the pro

26、tection of trade policy, which led to bilateral trade frictions.2.3 The United States the impact of economic restructuring. After a long 10 years of rapid economic growth after the recession in the United States began in 2001, into a corresponding structural adjustment. Structural adjustment process

27、 in the United States, the obstacles to promote U.S. foreign economic policy of unilateralism and the rise of protectionism in the performance of Sino-US trade friction is increasing.2.4 The main focus of Sino-US trade friction. Since 2001, the United States began to improve through the depreciation

28、 of the dollar current account deficit, weak dollar policy to improve the euro area and Japan, U.S. products more competitive. However, the implementation of currency to the dollar since Chinas exchange rate policy, together with the dollar devaluation of the yuan, making the competitiveness of Chin

29、ese products also increased. In the U.S. view, China pegged to the dollars exchange rate policy by sharing the benefits of depreciation of the dollar. So the U.S. has to revalue its currency, leading to a number of trade friction. Sino-US trade friction on the impact of Chinas economic development3.

30、1 Sino-US trade friction on the positive impact of Chinas economic development3.1.1 Accelerate the upgrading of the structure of products. In accordance with the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage, a country should develop its own industries with comparative advantages to the production of su

31、ch products and the comparative advantages of countries do not have to trade, so that trading parties can benefit from the trade. According to this theory,China should develop labor-intensive industries. Heckscher-Ohlin factor endowment theory that a country should produce and export their products

32、relative factor intensity, according to this theory, China should also develop labor-intensive elements of the industry. The same is true of the actual situation,Chinas export commodities are mostly labor-intensive,low value-added products.Prebisch-Singer of deteriorating terms of trade that the developing countries, less labor-intensive elasticity of demand for primary products, while developed countries demand greater flexibility in high-tech products, as peoples living standards, the primary Reduced demand for products, primary product prices fell faster, meaning that the term