新SAT模拟测试题2.docx

1、新SAT模拟测试题2Section 1Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage.This passage is adapted from Atul Grover, “Should HospitalResidency Programs Be Expanded to Increase the Number ofDoctors?” 2013 Dow Jones & Company.Thanks to baby boomers, the population over 65 willhave doubled between 2000 and 2

2、030. And when theAffordable Care Act takes full effect, up to 32 million newpatients will seek access to medical care, many of whom willneed treatment for ailments that have gone undiagnosed foryears, such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis and heart disease.This surge in demand means the U.S. will have

3、 a shortfall ofat least 90,000 doctors by the end of the decade, according tothe Association of American Medical Colleges Center forWorkforce Studies. Many parts of the country have too fewdoctors already.A small, vocal minority of researchers suggest we dontneed more doctors. That minority clearly

4、is having animpact: many clinicians and policy makers say there is 20%to 30% waste in our health-care system. Elliott Fisher, aDartmouth professor, says those numbers are backed up byDartmouth research.The Dartmouth studies base their conclusions aboutwaste on comparisons of health-care spending in

5、differentgeographic areas. But other studies have shown thatdifferences in the health status of patients in the differentregions explain the majority of variations in spending. Inother words, urban areas, with their high concentrations ofpoor people, tend to have a higher disease burden and thushigh

6、er medical needs. Sicker patients, along with high laborcosts, explain the higher levels of spending found in theseurban areasnot too many doctors.There is no question that delivery of care needs to bebetter organized, and that some current reforms are likely toimprove patient outcomes. Thats true,

7、for example, withexperiments in team-based care. However, theseimprovements in patient care have not translated to anyreduction in the need for physician time.Another new experimentaccountable-care organizations,which allow groups of providers to share any savings gainedby keeping their patients hea

8、lthyalso hasnt been shown toreduce the number of physicians needed. Indeed, there is alot of wishful thinking associated with ACOs, just as therewas with HMOs1 in the 1990sthat everyone would becared for in a way that would cost less and would preventpeople from ever getting sick. Unfortunately, tha

9、t didnt turnout to be the reality.Primary care and prevention will increase the need fordoctors. An 8-year-old girl with acute leukemia today has an80% chance of survival. If she survives, in the years thatfollow, she is likely to get a vaccine to avoid cervical cancer,take cholesterol-lowering drug

10、s and undergo multiplescreenings for breast cancer. She may still develop heartdisease or cancer. And as she and millions of other peoplecontinue to age, their risk for other conditions like 50Alzheimers will increase dramatically. But she, likeeveryone else, deserves first-rate care every step of t

11、he way.We need more doctors, not fewer.1 Health maintenance organizations1. Which of the following provides the best summary of the passages main idea?(A) The US health care system is about to suffer a significant collapse, and hundreds of hospitals will have to be shut down.(B) There is too much wa

12、steful spending in the current health care system, which additional doctors cannot correct.(C) The US needs to prepare for increasing health care demands by training more doctors.(D) Accountable care organizations (ACOs) will improve the current health care system and reduce unnecessary care.2. The

13、author argues that the US will experience a shortfall of doctors because(A) a large portion of doctors are choosing to retire early.(B) new legislation and an aging population will increase the demand for healthcare.(C) many doctors waste too much of their time on non- essential treatments rather th

14、an more important ailments.(D) many medical programs have closed and fewer doctors are being trained.3. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?(A) Lines 7-10 (“This surge Studies”)(B) Lines 13-15 (“That minority system”)(C) Lines 22-25 (“In other needs”)(D) L

15、ines 45-48 (“If she cancer”)4. The passage most strongly suggests that(A) primary care and prevention, while important, will not solve the issue of a doctor shortage.(B) preventing diseases via primary care will help reduce costs for healthcare by reducing early death.(C) relocating doctors from urb

16、an to rural areas will reduce US medical costs.(D) the first step in resolving the doctor shortage is conducting more extensive research on its causes.5. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?(A) Lines 20-22 (“But other spending”)(B) Lines 25-27 (“Sicker pat

17、ients doctors”)(C) Lines 31-33 (“However these time”)(D) Lines 43-44 (“Primary care doctors”)6. As used in line 12, “vocal” most nearly means(A) blunt.(B) outspoken.(C) out loud.(D) forthright.7. The passage suggests that the 20%-30% “waste” mentioned in lines 14-17 is(A) likely to result in a reduc

18、tion in the demand for physician time.(B) a significant expense, but still less expensive than the cost of training enough new doctors.(C) mostly explained by differences in patient health, rather than wasteful spending.(D) best explained by the fact that affluent patients tend to spend more on heal

19、thcare.8. The primary purpose of the fifth paragraph (lines 34-42) is to(A) discuss another potential option to mitigate the coming shortage in physicians.(B) offer a historical account of physicians various organizations.(C) provide evidence that the government is coming up with clever options to a

20、ddress problems in healthcare.(D) support the authors claim that new experiments in patient care will not solve the coming doctor shortage.9. As used in line 44, “acute” most nearly means(A) critical.(B) keen.(C) severe.(D) sharp.10. Which of the following best expresses the main point of the final

21、paragraph (lines 43-53)?(A) Even though patients may live longer, primary and preventative care still offer savings.(B) We must provide the highest quality of care possible, in order to reduce costs.(C) The shortage of physicians is best explained by an excessive amount of primary care.(D) Although

22、we have a responsibility to provide high- quality care, we should not expect for that to decrease medical costs.11. Which of the following claims is best supported by the graph?(A) There will be more doctors in 2020 than at any time since 2008, and a greater shortage of doctors.(B) The doctor shorta

23、ge will continue to grow until there are 91,500 fewer doctors in 2020 than there were in 2008.(C) By 2015, around 850,000 patients will need a doctor, but only about 750,000 will receive any form of treatment.(D) An increase in the supply of doctors over time will cause an even greater increase in t

24、he demand.Questions 12-22 are based on the following passages.The following passages are adapted from Chensheng Lu and Janet H. Silverstein, “Would Americans Be Better Off Eating an Organic Diet?” 2014 by Dow Jones & Company.Passage 1Is there definitive scientific proof that an organic diet is healt

25、hier? Not yet. Robust scientific studies comparing foodgrown organically and food grown conventionally dontexist, thanks to a lack of funding for this kind of research inhumans.But lets be clear: Some convincing scientificwork does exist to suggest that an organic diet has itsbenefits. Whats more, i

26、t only makes sense that food free ofpesticides and chemicals is safer and better for us than foodcontaining those substances, even at trace levels. This wasillustrated in a study published in the journal EnvironmentalHealth Perspectives in 2006. That study, which I led, showedthat within five days o

27、f substituting mostly organic producein childrens diets for conventional produce, pesticidesdisappeared from the childrens urine.Many say the pesticides found in our food are nothing tofear because the levels fall well below federal safetyguidelines and thus arent dangerous. Similarly, they say theb

28、ovine growth hormone used to increase cows milk yield isperfectly safe. But federal guidelines dont take into accountwhat effect repeated exposure to low levels of chemicalsmight have on humans over time. And many pesticides wereeventually banned or restricted by the federal governmentafter years of

29、 use when they were discovered to be harmfulto the environment or human health.Organic skeptics like to cite a meta-analysis studypublished in the Annals of Internal Medicine last year thatsuggested organic foods are neither healthier nor morenutritious than their conventional counterparts. Left out

30、 ofthat analysis, however, were recent field studies showing thatorganic produce, such as strawberries, leafy vegetables, andwheat, not only tastes better but contains much higher levelsof phenolic acids than conventional produce. Phenolic acidsare secondary plant metabolites that can be absorbed ea

31、silythrough the walls of the intestinal tract, and can act as potentantioxidants that prevent cellular damage, and therefore offersome protection against oxidative stress, inflammation, andcancer. Knowing that we could reduce our exposure topesticides and increase our exposure to antioxidants byeati

32、ng organic food, it makes great common sense toconsume more of it.Passage 2There is no definitive evidence that organic food is morenutritious or healthier than conventional food, but there isproof that eating more fruits and vegetables and lessprocessed food is.Therefore, our focus as a society should be to eat as muchfresh