新SAT模拟测试题2.docx

新SAT模拟测试题2.docx

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新SAT模拟测试题2

Section1

Questions1-11arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ThispassageisadaptedfromAtulGrover,“ShouldHospital

ResidencyProgramsBeExpandedtoIncreasetheNumberof

Doctors?

”©2013DowJones&Company.

Thankstobabyboomers,thepopulationover65will

havedoubledbetween2000and2030.Andwhenthe

AffordableCareActtakesfulleffect,upto32millionnew

patientswillseekaccesstomedicalcare,manyofwhomwill

needtreatmentforailmentsthathavegoneundiagnosedfor

years,suchascancer,diabetes,arthritisandheartdisease.

ThissurgeindemandmeanstheU.S.willhaveashortfallof

atleast90,000doctorsbytheendofthedecade,accordingto

theAssociationofAmericanMedicalCollegesCenterfor

WorkforceStudies.Manypartsofthecountryhavetoofew

doctorsalready.

Asmall,vocalminorityofresearcherssuggestwedon't

needmoredoctors.Thatminorityclearlyishavingan

impact:

manycliniciansandpolicymakerssaythereis20%

to30%"waste"inourhealth-caresystem.ElliottFisher,a

Dartmouthprofessor,saysthosenumbersarebackedupby

Dartmouthresearch.

TheDartmouthstudiesbasetheirconclusionsabout

wasteoncomparisonsofhealth-carespendingindifferent

geographicareas.Butotherstudieshaveshownthat

differencesinthehealthstatusofpatientsinthedifferent

regionsexplainthemajorityofvariationsinspending.In

otherwords,urbanareas,withtheirhighconcentrationsof

poorpeople,tendtohaveahigherdiseaseburdenandthus

highermedicalneeds.Sickerpatients,alongwithhighlabor

costs,explainthehigherlevelsofspendingfoundinthese

urbanareas—nottoomanydoctors.

Thereisnoquestionthatdeliveryofcareneedstobe

betterorganized,andthatsomecurrentreformsarelikelyto

improvepatientoutcomes.That'strue,forexample,with

experimentsinteam-basedcare.However,these

improvementsinpatientcarehavenottranslatedtoany

reductionintheneedforphysiciantime.

Anothernewexperiment–accountable-careorganizations,

whichallowgroupsofproviderstoshareanysavingsgained

bykeepingtheirpatientshealthy–alsohasn'tbeenshownto

reducethenumberofphysiciansneeded.Indeed,thereisa

lotofwishfulthinkingassociatedwithACOs,justasthere

waswithHMOs1inthe1990s—thateveryonewouldbe

caredforinawaythatwouldcostlessandwouldprevent

peoplefromevergettingsick.Unfortunately,thatdidn'tturn

outtobethereality.

Primarycareandpreventionwillincreasetheneedfor

doctors.An8-year-oldgirlwithacuteleukemiatodayhasan

80%chanceofsurvival.Ifshesurvives,intheyearsthat

follow,sheislikelytogetavaccinetoavoidcervicalcancer,

takecholesterol-loweringdrugsandundergomultiple

screeningsforbreastcancer.Shemaystilldevelopheart

diseaseorcancer.Andassheandmillionsofotherpeople

continuetoage,theirriskforotherconditionslike50

Alzheimer'swillincreasedramatically.Butshe,like

everyoneelse,deservesfirst-ratecareeverystepoftheway.

Weneedmoredoctors,notfewer.

1Healthmaintenanceorganizations

1.Whichofthefollowingprovidesthebestsummaryofthepassage’smainidea?

（A）TheUShealthcaresystemisabouttosufferasignificantcollapse,andhundredsofhospitalswillhavetobeshutdown.

（B）Thereistoomuchwastefulspendinginthecurrenthealthcaresystem,whichadditionaldoctorscannotcorrect.

（C）TheUSneedstoprepareforincreasinghealthcaredemandsbytrainingmoredoctors.

（D）Accountablecareorganizations（ACOs）willimprovethecurrenthealthcaresystemandreduceunnecessarycare.

2.TheauthorarguesthattheUSwillexperienceashortfallofdoctorsbecause

（A）alargeportionofdoctorsarechoosingtoretireearly.

（B）newlegislationandanagingpopulationwillincreasethedemandforhealthcare.

（C）manydoctorswastetoomuchoftheirtimeonnon-essentialtreatmentsratherthanmoreimportantailments.

（D）manymedicalprogramshaveclosedandfewerdoctorsarebeingtrained.

3.Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?

（A）Lines7-10（“Thissurge…Studies”）

（B）Lines13-15（“Thatminority…system”）

（C）Lines22-25（“Inother…needs”）

（D）Lines45-48（“Ifshe…cancer”）

4.Thepassagemoststronglysuggeststhat

（A）primarycareandprevention,whileimportant,willnotsolvetheissueofadoctorshortage.

（B）preventingdiseasesviaprimarycarewillhelpreducecostsforhealthcarebyreducingearlydeath.

（C）relocatingdoctorsfromurbantoruralareaswillreduceUSmedicalcosts.

（D）thefirststepinresolvingthedoctorshortageisconductingmoreextensiveresearchonitscauses.

5.Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?

（A）Lines20-22（“Butother…spending”）

（B）Lines25-27（“Sickerpatients…doctors”）

（C）Lines31-33（“Howeverthese…time”）

（D）Lines43-44（“Primarycare…doctors”）

6.Asusedinline12,“vocal”mostnearlymeans

（A）blunt.

（B）outspoken.

（C）outloud.

（D）forthright.

7.Thepassagesuggeststhatthe20%-30%“waste”mentionedinlines14-17is

（A）likelytoresultinareductioninthedemandforphysiciantime.

（B）asignificantexpense,butstilllessexpensivethanthecostoftrainingenoughnewdoctors.

（C）mostlyexplainedbydifferencesinpatienthealth,ratherthanwastefulspending.

（D）bestexplainedbythefactthataffluentpatientstendtospendmoreonhealthcare.

8.Theprimarypurposeofthefifthparagraph（lines34-42）isto

（A）discussanotherpotentialoptiontomitigatethecomingshortageinphysicians.

（B）offerahistoricalaccountofphysicians’variousorganizations.

（C）provideevidencethatthegovernmentiscomingupwithcleveroptionstoaddressproblemsinhealthcare.

（D）supporttheauthor’sclaimthatnewexperimentsinpatientcarewillnotsolvethecomingdoctorshortage.

9.Asusedinline44,“acute”mostnearlymeans

（A）critical.

（B）keen.

（C）severe.

（D）sharp.

10.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainpointofthefinalparagraph（lines43-53）?

（A）Eventhoughpatientsmaylivelonger,primaryandpreventativecarestilloffersavings.

（B）Wemustprovidethehighestqualityofcarepossible,inordertoreducecosts.

（C）Theshortageofphysiciansisbestexplainedbyanexcessiveamountofprimarycare.

（D）Althoughwehavearesponsibilitytoprovidehigh-qualitycare,weshouldnotexpectforthattodecreasemedicalcosts.

11.Whichofthefollowingclaimsisbestsupportedbythegraph?

（A）Therewillbemoredoctorsin2020thanatanytimesince2008,andagreatershortageofdoctors.

（B）Thedoctorshortagewillcontinuetogrowuntilthereare91,500fewerdoctorsin2020thantherewerein2008.

（C）By2015,around850,000patientswillneedadoctor,butonlyabout750,000willreceiveanyformoftreatment.

（D）Anincreaseinthesupplyofdoctorsovertimewillcauseanevengreaterincreaseinthedemand.

Questions12-22arebasedonthefollowingpassages.

ThefollowingpassagesareadaptedfromChenshengLuandJanetH.Silverstein,“WouldAmericansBeBetterOffEatinganOrganicDiet?

”©2014byDowJones&Company.

Passage1

Istheredefinitivescientificproofthatanorganicdietis

healthier?

Notyet.Robustscientificstudiescomparingfood

grownorganicallyandfoodgrownconventionallydon't

exist,thankstoalackoffundingforthiskindofresearchin

humans.

Butlet'sbeclear:

Someconvincingscientific

workdoesexisttosuggestthatanorganicdiethasits

benefits.What'smore,itonlymakessensethatfoodfreeof

pesticidesandchemicalsissaferandbetterforusthanfood

containingthosesubstances,evenattracelevels.Thiswas

illustratedinastudypublishedinthejournalEnvironmental

HealthPerspectivesin2006.Thatstudy,whichIled,showed

thatwithinfivedaysofsubstitutingmostlyorganicproduce

inchildren'sdietsforconventionalproduce,pesticides

disappearedfromthechildren'surine.

Manysaythepesticidesfoundinourfoodarenothingto

fearbecausethelevelsfallwellbelowfederalsafety

guidelinesandthusaren'tdangerous.Similarly,theysaythe

bovinegrowthhormoneusedtoincreasecows'milkyieldis

perfectlysafe.Butfederalguidelinesdon'ttakeintoaccount

whateffectrepeatedexposuretolowlevelsofchemicals

mighthaveonhumansovertime.Andmanypesticideswere

eventuallybannedorrestrictedbythefederalgovernment

afteryearsofusewhentheywerediscoveredtobeharmful

totheenvironmentorhumanhealth.

Organicskepticsliketociteameta-analysisstudy

publishedintheAnnalsofInternalMedicinelastyearthat

suggestedorganicfoodsareneitherhealthiernormore

nutritiousthantheirconventionalcounterparts.Leftoutof

thatanalysis,however,wererecentfieldstudiesshowingthat

organicproduce,suchasstrawberries,leafyvegetables,and

wheat,notonlytastesbetterbutcontainsmuchhigherlevels

ofphenolicacidsthanconventionalproduce.Phenolicacids

aresecondaryplantmetabolitesthatcanbeabsorbedeasily

throughthewallsoftheintestinaltract,andcanactaspotent

antioxidantsthatpreventcellulardamage,andthereforeoffer

someprotectionagainstoxidativestress,inflammation,and

cancer.Knowingthatwecouldreduceourexposureto

pesticidesandincreaseourexposuretoantioxidantsby

eatingorganicfood,itmakesgreatcommonsenseto

consumemoreofit.

Passage2

Thereisnodefinitiveevidencethatorganicfoodismore

nutritiousorhealthierthanconventionalfood,butthereis

proofthateatingmorefruitsandvegetablesandless

processedfoodis.

Therefore,ourfocusasasocietyshouldbetoeatasmuch

fresh