高三英语现在分词过去分词用法复习.docx

1、高三英语现在分词过去分词用法复习教师辅导讲义 年 级：高三 课时数：3 辅导科目：英语 课 题现在分词、过去分词用法复习教学目标根据高考大纲，有重点地分析现在分词、过去分词的重要考点和具体语境里的综合运用。教学内容Step1、Greetings & Free talk Is there something interesting or important this week?Step2、Assignments Checking 1. 检查回家做的作业 并对错题进行分析2. 高考重点词汇记忆情况的抽查Step3、Revision1. 让学生进行总结上次课中重点语法知识的解题思路2.上次课中涉及到

2、的重要词组和用法进行默写Step4、Lead inStep5、Grammar （对于基础好的学生，知识梳理可以不讲，直接进行考点剖析）知识梳理一、现在分词： 现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。 1、现在分词的形式：现在及 物 动 词 write不及物动词go分词主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式writingbeing writtengoing完成式having written having been writtenhaving gone 否定式：not + 现在分词 1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓

3、语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如： They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。 Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。 2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。 The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been told many times, the naughty bo

4、y made the same mistake. 被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。 2、现在分词的句法功能：1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前，如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。 In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。 The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可

5、用in the years that followed, the man speaking 可改为the man who is speaking. 2）作表语： The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。 be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。 3）作宾语补足语： 如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语： see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, n

6、otice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如： Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？ He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。 4）现在分词作状语：A）作时间状语： (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。B）作原因状语： Being a League member, he is

7、always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。C）作方式状语，表示伴随： He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。D）作条件状语： (If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。E）作结果状语： He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。F）作目的状语： He went swimming the other day. 几

8、天前他去游泳了。G）作让步状语： Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。与逻辑主语构成独立主格： I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head. 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。 All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。 有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式 With the lights bu

9、rning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。作独立成分： Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。 Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。二、过去分词： 过去分词的句法功能：1、作定语： Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 Those elected as committee members will atten

10、d the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。 注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 2、作表语： The window is broken. 窗户破了。 They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。 注意be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别： The window is broken.（系表） The window was broken by the boy.（被动） 有些过去分词是不及物

11、动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如： boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶） newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳） the changed world（变了的世界） 这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。 3、作宾语补足语： I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语： With

12、the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。 4、作状语： Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因） Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间） Given more time, Ill be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件） Though told of the dang

13、er, he still risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步） 过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格： All books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied. 所有的书期末时都还了，图书管理员很高兴。 The field ploughed, he began to spread seed. 地耕好了，他开始撒种子。考点剖析1. 分词的时态：分词一般式表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；或一个动作发生后，另

14、一个动作紧接着发生。分词的一般式常在书面语中用作背景的描写。例如：Walking down the street, I ran into Lily.Hearing the news, I jumped with joy.Switching off the lights, I turned over and buried my head in the pillow.Living in the country, we had few social engagements.分词完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。Having noted down our names and addres

15、ses, the policeman dismissed us.Having passed my driving test, I was able to buy my first car.I was able to buy my first car, having passed my driving test.分词一般式和完成式均可表示已完成的动作，但在说话人心中，用一般式把2个动作看做是几乎同时发生，用完成式则强调2个动作的先后。例如：Looking at the door, she went out.Having studied in the university for three ye

16、ars, he knows the place very well.2分词的语态：分词一般式的被动语态强调动作正在进行中。例如：The house being built will be our office building.Being surrounded, the rebel troops were forced to surrender.分词完成式的被动语态强调先于谓语动词。例如：Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.Not having been invited, he felt very unh

17、appy.过去分词也表示被动，但没有强调动作先后的含义。例如：The concert given by the symphony orchestra was a great success.They are problems left over by history.Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.3现在分词和过去分词用法功能的区别1） 现在分词作前置定语1 表示正在进行的主动动作。例如：the rising sun=the sun that is rising 正在升起的太阳注意下列短语：a sleeping child 熟睡的孩

18、子 boiling water 沸水a falling star 流行 a waiting crowd 等待的人群increasing demand 日益增长的需求 lasting peace 永久的和平2 表示主动但不正在进行。例如：He is a promising student. 他是一个有前途的学生。注意下列短语：remaining days 剩下的岁月 a tiring day 劳累的一天an embarrassing position 窘境 guiding principle 指导原则neighboring country 邻国 a walking dictionary 活字典2

19、) 过去分词作前置定语表示被动，且又是有已完成的含义。例如：The risen sun= the sun that has just risen 初生的太阳I dont like to eat fried eggs. 我不喜欢吃煎蛋。注意下列短语：Boiled water 开（过的）水 required courses 必修课Furnished room 有家具的房间 a written report 书面报告3 表示主动，且有完成的含义（仅限于某些不及物动词的过去分词作定语）。例如：Where are the escaped prisoners？ 那些逃犯在哪里？注意下列短语：departe

20、d friends 离去的朋友 an arrived visitor 一位来客fallen leaves 落叶 an escaped prisoner 一个逃犯returned students 归国留学生 faded flowers 凋谢的花retired workers 退休工人 a sunken ship 一艘沉船4 过去分词用在表示情绪的词语中。 例如：He gave a satisfied smile. 他给了个满意的微笑注意下列短语：a frightened glance 惊恐的扫视a worried look 愁容an excited scream 激动的尖叫声the inten

21、ded effect 预期的效果his embarrassed manner 他尴尬的举止a puzzled/ an embarrassed expression 困惑的/尴尬的表情但是： relaxed/relaxing environment 放松的环境活学活用： 1. Dont use words， expressions， or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known2. The first textbooks

22、 _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written3. Mr. Smith， _ of the _ speech， started to read a novel.A. tired； boring B. tiring； bored C. tired； bored D. tiring； boring4. The Olympic Games， _ in 776 B.C.， di

23、d not include women players until 1912.A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playingKeys：ABAC二 分词作表语1) 现在分词作表语表示主语的性质或特征，常可用very修饰；过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。例如：The news is very inspiring. You shouldnt try to stand up if you are badly hurt.2） 下列表示变成、保持、感觉等意义的动词有系动词的特征，可与某些现在分词或

24、过去分词构成主系表结构：Appear, become, come, feel, go, grow, go, lie, look, remain, rest, stay, sit, stand接现在分词：come running/hurrying in get going/chatting/movinglook tempting/promising remain standing/listeninglie dying sit waiting stand looking接过去分词：appear disappointed/amazed/touchedbecome annoyed/interested

25、/acquaintedcome untied/undone/unwrapped/unfastened/unstitchedfeel troubled/distressed/puzzled/upset/exhaustedgo unnoticed/unpunished/uncorrected/undetected/unrecordedgrow used/excited/frightenedlook/seem startled/concerned/troubledremain unfinished/unconvinced/unsolvedget absorbed/caughtlie woundeds

26、tay seated/unarmedrest assured活学活用：1. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating2. -Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. - Mm. It does have a _ smell. A. pleasant; pleased B. pl

27、eased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant Keys：CD三）分词作宾语补足语1 接分词作宾语补足语的有以下2类动词第一类包括feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, notice, observe等感官动词。例如：We saw the teacher making the experiment.说明：在以上感官动词后，既可用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可用不带to 的不定式构成复合宾语，但两者的含义是有差别的。 Feel/hear/listen to/watch doing主语+

28、 +宾语+ something See/look at/notice/observe do 用现在分词作宾语补足语表示动作正在发生（即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束，或是一个反复进行的动作）。I saw the girl crossing the street. 我看到那女孩在横穿马路。I saw the young mother slapping her child.我看到那个年轻的母亲反复打她的孩子。用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语描述某个单一的动作，或表示动作发生了（即全过程结束了）。例如：We saw a young mother slap her child in the superma

29、rket.我们看到那个年轻的母亲在超市打了一下他的孩子。I saw the girl cross the street and run away. 我看到那个女孩穿过马路跑了。第二类包括discover, find, smell, catch, get, have, keep, leave, send, set, start等表示发现、闻到、致使的动词。例如：I discovered Mr. Jack sitting near the fires, reading a book.The victory sent our spirits rising.2 接过去分词作宾语补足语的有以下3类动词：

30、第一类包括see, hear, watch, find, feel, consider等表示感官和心理状态的动词。例如：We found her greatly changed.I considered this problem settled.第二类包括get, have, keep, leave, make, 等表示使役、致使的动词。例如：I try to make myself understood.Please keep me informed of the latest developments.She will get the fence mended.第三类包括 declare,

31、 like, need, order, want, wish等表示要求、希望、命令的动词。例如：He declared the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games closed.I should like the matter (to be) settled immediately.The commander ordered the army unit (to be) reorganized.I dont want any of you (to be) involved in the scandal.Do you wish your breakfast (to be) brought to your room?活学活用：1. You should understand the traffic rule by