高考英语二轮专题复习特殊句式讲义.docx

1、高考英语二轮专题复习特殊句式讲义特殊句式【考纲解读】根据考纲要求,考生应掌握:1.强调句型用于强调陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、not.until.句型; 强调句型与状语从句、定语从句、祈使句的混合考查;2.省略要注意主语的省略、谓语或谓语的一部分的省略、宾语的省略、不定式的省略、宾语从句和状语从句中的省略,以及虚拟条件句中if的省略;3.倒装句为部分倒装和完全倒装;4.反意疑问句是由“陈述句+简略的一般问句”构成。简略的一般问句通常只用两个词:一个是肯定或否定的be动词、情态动词、助动词,另一个是人称代词。【考点纵横】2016年全国卷20152016年地方卷目前这么考全国卷(祈使句)201

2、6年江苏(倒装)2015年湖南(强调句;祈使句)2015年重庆(强调句)2015年湖南(倒装)2015年湖北(倒装)2015年天津(倒装)今后怎么考高考将注重考查特殊句式和其他知识点之间的交叉现象，加大了综合考查语法知识的力度，在考查强调句型的同时考查定语从句，把省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句，地点状语从句的考查融合到了一起。反意疑问句和宾语从句干扰结合，强调了学生综合把握语法知识的能力。【考题导引】1.(2016天津)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists.解析：th

3、at本句是一个强调句型,其基本结构是“It is / was+被强调部分+that+其他部分”。2.(2016江苏)Not until recently_(do) they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.解析：did考查部分倒装。根据副词recently可知事情发生在过去,用一般过去时。3(2015天津)Only when Lily walked into the office _(do) she realize that she had left the contract

4、at home.解析：did“only+状语从句”位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语从句when Lily walked into the office可知,要用一般过去时。4(2016全国)It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is,_(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.解析： make此处是make sure放在句首,表示要求。5. (2015湖

5、南)Always_(keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.解析keep祈使句一般以动词原形开头,故用keep。【知识梳理】一、强调句1基本句型：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他。It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解，孩子和父母之间的问题才可能被解决。(强调方式

6、状语)2一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他？Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry?是因为杰克上课迟到让史密斯先生生气的吗？3特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词is/was itthat其他？When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？4含有not . until .的强调句型：It is/was not until被强调部分that .其他。It was not until nea

7、r the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.(2013天津高考单选)直到信的末尾她才提到她自己的计划。名师指津：以上强调句型是对除谓语以外的成分的强调；若强调谓语，要在谓语动词前加do/does/did，这种强调只适用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句。The scientist did devote all his life to his research work.这位科学家真正地把他的一生献给了研究工作。(一)部分倒装部分倒装是指把谓语的一部分(助动词、系动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几种形式：1当否定词

8、或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，常用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little, few, never, seldom, rarely, by no means, not only, not until, at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, in no way, no sooner, hardly, scarcely等。Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people

9、 who need it.不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些有需要的人提供医疗保健服务。2当only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。Only when he returned from work did we know the truth.只有当他下班回来后，我们才知道真相。3so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装结构。(1)“sobe/助动词/情态动词主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物，意为“也是如此”。Ive got an enormous amount of work to do.So have I.我有大量的工作要做。我也如此。(2)“ne

10、ither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语”表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物，意为“也不这样”。Liu Jia cant answer the question.Neither/Nor can Peter.刘佳回答不上来这个问题。彼得也回答不上来。4在so/such . that .结构中，当“so形容词/副词”或“such名词”位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装。So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.他患病太突然，全家人全然不知所措。5在as/though引导的让步状语从

11、句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。Hard as they tried, they couldnt make her change her mind.尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。(二)完全倒装完全倒装是指将谓语动词完全提到主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几种形式：1表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, out等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。The moment t

12、he bell rang, out rushed the children.铃一响，孩子们就冲了出去。2当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。Just in front of the bus lies an injured man, all covered with blood.公共汽车的前面躺着一个受伤的人，浑身是血。3有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语系动词主语”的完全倒装结构。Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other

13、 guests.出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多别的宾客。三、状语从句的省略在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，可以用省略结构。省略必须具备两个条件：此时可以省略从句的主语和be动词。Film has a much shorter history, especially, when (it is) compared to such art forms as music and painting.电影的历史短得多，尤其是与音乐、绘画这些艺术形式相比。Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not turn to him.除非有必要，你最好不要向他请求帮助。四、

14、感叹句感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。1what引导的感叹句Whata/anadj.可数名词单数主语谓语！Whatadj. 可数名词复数/不可数名词主语谓语！What a strange plant! Ive never seen it before.这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。What lovely children they are!他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！2how引导的感叹句Howadj.a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！ Howadj./adv.主语谓语！ How主语谓语！How interesting a story it is!What an interesting sto

15、ry it is!这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！How time flies!时间过得真快啊！五、反意疑问句1陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句一般情况下，其疑问部分应和主句保持一致。但如果主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess或be sure等，且主句主语为第一人称时，其疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致。I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, didnt I?我告诉他们并非每个人都能像你一样跑得那么快，是不是？I dont think th

16、e football team is likely to win, is it?我认为那支足球队不会获胜，是吗？2祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句后的反意疑问句不表示反问，而表示一种语气。其结构为：肯定祈使句，will/wont you？否定祈使句，will you？Let us .，will you？ Lets .，shall we？Close the window, will/wont you?关上窗户，好吗？Lets go to the bookstore, shall we?我们去书店，好吗？【考点突破】考点1强调句1You are waiting at a wrong place.It is

17、 at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists.(2016天津，13)Awho Bwhich Cwhere Dthat答案D解析考查强调句型的判定。句意为：你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型：It is/was被强调部分that/who剩余部分。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉后，句子意思依然清楚，结构依然完整。经判断，“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整，句意明确，故本句是强调句。因强调的内容是地点，故空格处应填that

18、。2Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century _ his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015重庆，9)Awhile BthoughCthat Dafter答案C解析考查强调句。句意为：巴赫于1750年去世，但是他的音乐才能一直到19世纪早期才完全被认可。本句是一个强调句型，其基本结构是：It is/was被强调部分that其他部分，本句被强调部分是not until the early 19th century，故选C。3It was when we were retu

19、rning home _I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.(2015湖南，21)Awhich BthatCwhere Dhow答案B解析考查强调句。句意为：正是在我们快要回到家的时候，我才意识到帮助有困难的人感觉多么美妙！强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was被强调部分that其他部分。如果强调人，that还可以改为who，但是强调时间或者地点时只能使用that。4Was it because Jack came late for school _ Mr.Smith got angr

20、y？(2014四川，3)Awhy BwhoCwhere Dthat答案D解析考查强调句的一般疑问句。所强调的是原因状语从句because Jack came late for school，故选that。句意为：是不是因为Jack上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的？考点归纳强调句型中的6个考查重点：1强调句型的疑问句在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分”改为“Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他成分？”或“疑问词is/wasitthat其他成分？”结构。Was it her failing

21、 her exam that made her parents unhappy?是不是她考试不及格使她的父母不高兴？When was it that she changed her mind?她什么时候改变主意的？2在对not.until结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成It is/was not until.that.结构。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark gla

22、sses.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下她的深色眼镜我才意识到她是个著名影星。3如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.他问我是谁错拿了他的伞。4强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要

23、注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构。It was here that he fell off his bicycle.这里正是他从自行车上摔下来的地方。5强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和连词“that”原句仍然完整。而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”，原句则不完整。It was at 14：28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型)是在14点28分严重的地震爆发了。It was 14：28 when the terrible earthqua

24、ke broke out.(时间状语从句)当严重的地震爆发时是14点28分。6强调句型中的反意疑问句式。在强调句型中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was.保持一致。It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter，isnt it?是Mary而不是你想问我那件事，是吗？考点2倒装句1Not until recently _ the development of touristsrelated activities in the rural areas.(2016江苏，34)Athey had encouraged

25、 Bhad they encouragedCdid they encourage Dthey encouraged答案C解析考查倒装句。句意为：直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据时间状语recently可知本句应用一般过去时。“Not until状语”位于句首，句子采用部分倒装语序，因此选C。2Only when Lily walked into the office _ that she had left the contract at home.(2015天津，3)Ashe realized Bhas she realizedCshe has realized Ddid

26、she realize答案D解析考查倒装及时态。句意为：直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。“only状语从句”位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语从句when Lily walked into the office可知要用一般过去时。故答案为D。3_ no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.(2014福建，32)AWere there BHad there beenCIf there are DIf there h

27、ave been答案A解析考查if虚拟条件句中的倒装。根据主句中would have to以及句意可知，本句是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句应用一般过去时。当虚拟条件句中有had，should，were时，可以将if去掉，然后把had，should，were提到主语前面。考点归纳1部分倒装结构的高考热点：(1)否定词位于句首的倒装。表示否定的副词never，nor，neither，表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few，seldom，little，含有no和not的词组by no means(决不)，at no time(在任何时候都不)，not until，not only，no so

28、oner。Never have I seen such a good performance.我从来都没见过这么好的表演。Not only was Einstein a worldfamous scientist，but he also was a fairly good violinist.爱因斯坦不仅是世界闻名的科学家，而且还是一个相当不错的小提琴家。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。(2)“only状语”置于句首的倒装。“only状语”置于句首时

29、句子要用部分倒装。(强调主语、宾语，句子不倒装)Only then did I know the truth.直到那时我才知道真相。Only in this way can you work out this question.只有用这种方法你才能解决这个问题。Only after his mother came back was he able to go to school.只有他母亲回来后，他才能够去上学。(3)so，neither，nor引导的倒装。用“so助动词/情态动词/系动词主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，意为“也，同样，也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一

30、个人或物，用“neither/nor助动词/情态动词/系动词主语”。Society has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了，人也变了。注意：当so表示对前句内容的肯定、附和，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时，应用自然语序。意为 “的确，正是”。Tom works hard.So he does and so do you.汤姆工作很卖力。的确如此，你也是。倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致。If you dont go，neither/nor shall I(If you dont go，I shall not go.)你不去，我也不去。表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。She does well in English，but is poor in ma