卫生AB第十五讲2版.docx

1、卫生AB第十五讲2版1、 Life at Aichi University Im Yamamoto Mika, a 22-year old Japanese girl. Id like to invite you to Aichi University so you can understand my life. Our university has a close relationship with China and my department is the only one of its kind in Japan. My courses include the Chinese lang

2、uage, modem Chinese politics and economics. I love the Chinese culture and I have been to Tianjin as an exchange students.1 In Japan, our courses are divided into compulsory, optional and specialized courses.2 However, we have a flexible schedule. We can choose classes from a wide range of options.

3、Many students finish the compulsory courses in three years so that they can have one year without any classes. They often use this period of time to study abroad, conduct research and travel. Many students even suspend their study for additional study-abroad opportunities. Japanese universities enco

4、urage students to choose their own ways of study, so it is quiet easy for us to apply for study suspension. Japanese students participate in various kinds of extracurricular activities. They attend clubs from elementary schools, so many have already been accustomed to clubs when they enter universit

5、y. Our university now has 42 art clubs and 45 sports clubs. The annual University Festival is the grandest carnival of Japanese universities. In the festival, students promote their clubs and organize various activities. Our universitys festival attracted about 150,000 people last year. I really lik

6、e this festival. In school, I participate in the journalism club. When we have the club promotion, we cook tonnjiru, a kind of pork soup, and sell it to other students at the fair. We also go to different places to interview celebrities who attend our festival as guests. It is a wonderful experience

7、 to talk to those stars face to face. Japanese students like to hold parties. We have two kinds of parties. One is the Mochiyori party. If you want to attend this party you have to cook a course3 and take it to the party. The organizer buys drinks and snacks. Another kind of party is the Nomikai, wh

8、ich mainly involves alcohol. We drink something called chu-hai, which is a combination of soda and wine. We also drink Japanese sake and beer. There are parties for many occasions, like welcoming new students, graduation, celebrating victories, birthday parties or just for promoting friendship.词汇：co

9、mpulsory adj. 必修的extracurricular adj. 课外的carnival n. 狂欢节celebrities n. 名人sake n. （日本）清酒注释：1I have been to Tianjin as an exchange student作为交换生我在天津学习过2compulsory, optional and specialized courses必修、选修、专修课3course是个多义词。本文出现两种意思：课程；(一道)菜 Which statement is NOT true of Yamamoto Mika?A:She is a Japanese st

10、udent.B:She has never been to China.C:She loves the Chinese cultureD: She wants you to understand her life. 答案:B解析:问题问的是：下面的哪个有关Yamamoto Mika的命题是不对的? 第一段的最后一句话是这么说的：我酷爱中国文化，并且作为交换生在天津学习过。所以认为Yamamoto Mika从来没有去过中国是不对的。2、Many Japanese students finish the compulsory courses in three years becauseA:they

11、 want to get married.B:they want to stay at home.C:they want to study abroad.D:they want to make money.答案:C解析: 问题问的是：为什么许多日本学生在三年里把所有的必修课都读完? 第四段是这么说的：许多日本学生在三年里把所有的必修课都读完是为了空出一年来，他们常常用这一段时间去国外学习、做研究和旅行。3、Which of the following is NOT a feature of the University Festival?A:Inviting government offici

12、als to dinner.B:Organizing various activities.C:Interviewing celebrities.D:Promoting clubs答案:A解析:问题问的是：下面的哪一种活动不是大学节的特色? A说的是：要求政府官员吃饭。文章没有提到过在大学节有请政府官员吃饭这种事。4、When you attend a Mochiyori party, you needA:interview celebrities.B:buy drinks and snacks.C:get permission from the organizer.D:take to it

13、a course you have cooked.答案:D解析: 问题问的是：当参加一种叫做Mochiyori的聚会时你需要做什么?倒数第二段的第三句话是这么说的：如果你想参加这种聚会的话，你要带一个你自己做的菜。5、The word compulsory could be best replaced byA:forced.B:required.C:requested.D:demanded.答案:B解析:“compulsory course”也可以说“required course”。6、 Hypertension（n. 高血压） Drugs (are) Found（被发现） to Cut R

14、isk of Stroke(中风) Australian doctors declared Monday that a cocktail of simple antihypertensive drugs can lower the risk of patients suffering a repeat stroke by more than a third. This is the result of their research. The research, presented at a medical conference in Italy over the weekend, has be

15、en valued highly as a major breakthrough in stroke prevention. Strokes kill 5 million people a year, and more than 15 million suffer non-fatal strokes that often leave them with useless limbs, slurred speech and other serous disabilities. One in five stroke survivors goes on to have a second, often

16、fatal, stroke within five years of the first. An international six-year study of 6,100 patients directed from Sydney University found that by taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs, the risk of secondary strokes can be reduced by up to 40 per cent. Even taking one of the commonly available drugs c

17、an cut the risk by a third, the study said. The drugs are the diuretic indapamide and the ACE inhibitor perindopril, better known by its brand name Coversy. The combination was effective even in patients who did not have high blood pressure, the researchers said. They even found that the risk of ano

18、ther stroke could be cut by three quarters among the one-in-10 patients who had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage, the worst type of stoke, where there is direct bleeding into the brain. Stephen McMahon, who presented the research at the Milan congress of the European Society of hypertension, said abou

19、t 50 million people were alive who had suffered at least one stroke. “If most of those patients were able to get access to this treatment, it would result in maybe the avoidance of half a million strokes a year,” the professor told Australias ABC Radio. McMahon said doctors had long known that lower

20、ing the blood pressure of those with hypertension could help prevent strokes. “What we have shown for the first time is that it does not really matter what your blood pressure is; if you have had a stroke, the lowering blood pressure will produce large benefits, to begin witheven for people whose bl

21、ood pressure is average or below average,” he said. McMahon said the Milan gathering had heralded the research as a “major breakthrough in the care of patients with strokesperhaps the biggest step forward that we have made in the last couple of decades. ” How many people surviving the first stroke m

22、ay suffer another attack during the following five years? A:More than 33% of them. B:Up to 40% of them C:20% of them. D:10% of them. 答案:C解析:第二段第二句说中风后存活的病人， 五人中有一人在第一次中风后五年内会再次中风， 而且常常是致命的， 所以C是正确答案。7、Taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs may produce _less risk of secondary strokes than taking on

23、ly one such drug. A:three quarters B:nearly four tenths C:one fifth D:about one fourteenth答案:D解析:第三段说，服用两种降压药继发中风的危险性可减少到40%； 单服一种药，其危险性则为1/3。可见服用两种药比服用一种药可减少大约7%， 即大约1/4的危险性。 8、.Which of the following is NOT a symptom left by strokes? A:Habitual sleeplessness. B:Losing the function of one more extr

24、emities. C:Speaking unclearly. D:Serious disabilities such as facial paralysis. 答案:A解析: 第二段第一句说非致命的中风常造成病人四肢残废， 有语言障碍以及其他严重残疾。 B， C， D就是这个意思， 而A“习惯性失眠”则不属于中风的后遗症。9、How many strokes may be reduced in a year if most of stroke patients can be treated in the way as the article recommends? A:5,000,000 B:

25、500,000 C:50,000,000 D:15,000,000 答案:B解析:第四段第二句说如果大多数病人有机会进行这样的治疗的话， 每年就可以避免50万次中风的发生，所以B正确。10、What patients among those who have had a stroke will benefit greatly from taking blood pressure-lowering drugs? A:Those whose blood pressure is high.B:Those whose blood pressure is average. C:Those whose b

26、lood pressure is below average. D:All of the above.答案:D解析: 最后一段说， 血压高低并不重要， 只要你得过中风， 降低血压就会有很大的益处， 即使血压正常或低于正常也是如此， 所以D是正确答案。 11、A Gay（n. 同性恋） Biologist（n. 生物学家）Molecular biologist Dean Hammer has blue eyes, light brown hair and a good sense of humor. He smokes cigarettes, spends long hours in an ol

27、d laboratory at the US National Institute of Health, and in his free time climbs up cliffs and points his skis down steep slopes. He also happens to be openly, matter-of-factly gay.What is it that makes Hammer who he is? What, for that matter, accounts for the talents and traits that make up anyones

28、 personality? Hammer is not content merely to ask such questions; he is trying to answer them as well. A pioneer in the field of molecular psychology, Hammer is exploring the role genes play in governing the very core of our individuality. To a remarkable extent, his work on what might be called the

29、 gay, thrill-seeking and quit-smoking genes reflects how own genetic predispositions.That work, which has appeared mostly in scientific journals, has been gathered into an accessible and quite readable form in Hammers creative new book, Living with Our Genes. “you have about as much choice in some a

30、spect of your personality.” Hamer and co-author Peter Copeland write in the introductory chapter, “as you do in the shape of your nose or the size of your feet.”Until recently, research into behavioral genetics was dominated by psychiatrists and psychologists, who based their most compelling conclus

31、ions about the importance of genes on studies of identical twins. For example, psychologist Michael Bailey of Northwestern University famously demonstrated that if one identical twin is gay, there is about a 50% likelihood that the other will be too. Seven years ago, Hamer picked up where the twin s

32、tudies left off, homing in on specific strips of DNA that appear to influence everything from mood to sexual orientation.Hamer switched to behavioral genetics from basic research, after receiving his doctorate from Harvard, he spent more than a decade studying the biochemistry of a protein that cells use to metabolize heavy metals like copper and zinc. As he was about to turn 40, however, Hamer suddenly realized he had learned as much about the protein as he cared to. “Frankly, I was bored, ”he remembers, “and read