卫生AB第十五讲2版.docx

卫生AB第十五讲2版.docx

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卫生AB第十五讲2版

1、LifeatAichiUniversity

I'mYamamotoMika,a22-yearoldJapanesegirl.I'dliketoinviteyoutoAichiUniversitysoyoucanunderstandmylife.OuruniversityhasacloserelationshipwithChinaandmydepartmentistheonlyoneofitskindinJapan.MycoursesincludetheChineselanguage,modemChinesepoliticsandeconomics.IlovetheChinesecultureandIhavebeentoTianjinasanexchangestudents.1InJapan,ourcoursesaredividedintocompulsory,optionalandspecializedcourses.2However,wehaveaflexibleschedule.Wecanchooseclassesfromawiderangeofoptions.Manystudentsfinishthecompulsorycoursesinthreeyearssothattheycanhaveoneyearwithoutanyclasses.Theyoftenusethisperiodoftimetostudyabroad,conductresearchandtravel.Manystudentsevensuspendtheirstudyforadditionalstudy-abroadopportunities.Japaneseuniversitiesencouragestudentstochoosetheirownwaysofstudy,soitisquieteasyforustoapplyforstudysuspension.Japanesestudentsparticipateinvariouskindsofextracurricularactivities.Theyattendclubsfromelementaryschools,somanyhavealreadybeenaccustomedtoclubswhentheyenteruniversity.Ouruniversitynowhas42artclubsand45sportsclubs.TheannualUniversityFestivalisthegrandestcarnivalofJapaneseuniversities.Inthefestival,studentspromotetheirclubsandorganizevariousactivities.Ouruniversity'sfestivalattractedabout150,000peoplelastyear.Ireallylikethisfestival.Inschool,Iparticipateinthejournalismclub.Whenwehavetheclubpromotion,wecook"tonnjiru",akindofporksoup,andsellittootherstudentsatthefair.Wealsogotodifferentplacestointerviewcelebritieswhoattendourfestivalasguests.Itisawonderfulexperiencetotalktothosestarsfacetoface.Japanesestudentsliketoholdparties.Wehavetwokindsofparties.OneistheMochiyoriparty.Ifyouwanttoattendthispartyyouhavetocookacourse3andtakeittotheparty.Theorganizerbuysdrinksandsnacks.AnotherkindofpartyistheNomikai,whichmainlyinvolvesalcohol.Wedrinksomethingcalledchu-hai,whichisacombinationofsodaandwine.WealsodrinkJapanesesakeandbeer.Therearepartiesformanyoccasions,likewelcomingnewstudents,graduation,celebratingvictories,birthdaypartiesorjustforpromotingfriendship.

词汇：

compulsoryadj.必修的extracurricularadj.课外的carnivaln.狂欢节celebritiesn.名人saken.（日本）清酒

注释：

1．IhavebeentoTianjinasanexchangestudent作为交换生我在天津学习过2．compulsory,optionalandspecializedcourses必修、选修、专修课3．course是个多义词。

本文出现两种意思：

课程；（一道）菜

WhichstatementisNOTtrueofYamamotoMika?

A:

SheisaJapanesestudent.

B:

ShehasneverbeentoChina.

C:

ShelovestheChineseculture

D:

Shewantsyoutounderstandherlife.

答案:

B

解析:

问题问的是：

下面的哪个有关YamamotoMika的命题是不对的?

第一段的最后一句话是这么说的：

我酷爱中国文化，并且作为交换生在天津学习过。

所以认为YamamotoMika从来没有去过中国是不对的。

2、ManyJapanesestudentsfinishthecompulsorycoursesinthreeyearsbecause

A:

theywanttogetmarried.

B:

theywanttostayathome.

C:

theywanttostudyabroad.

D:

theywanttomakemoney.

答案:

C

解析:

问题问的是：

为什么许多日本学生在三年里把所有的必修课都读完?

第四段是这么说的：

许多日本学生在三年里把所有的必修课都读完是为了空出一年来，他们常常用这一段时间去国外学习、做研究和旅行。

3、WhichofthefollowingisNOTafeatureoftheUniversityFestival?

A:

Invitinggovernmentofficialstodinner.

B:

Organizingvariousactivities.

C:

Interviewingcelebrities.

D:

Promotingclubs

答案:

A

解析:

问题问的是：

下面的哪一种活动不是大学节的特色?

A说的是：

要求政府官员吃饭。

文章没有提到过在大学节有请政府官员吃饭这种事。

4、WhenyouattendaMochiyoriparty,youneed

A:

interviewcelebrities.

B:

buydrinksandsnacks.

C:

getpermissionfromtheorganizer.

D:

taketoitacourseyouhavecooked.

答案:

D

解析:

问题问的是：

当参加一种叫做Mochiyori的聚会时你需要做什么?

倒数第二段的第三句话是这么说的：

如果你想参加这种聚会的话，你要带一个你自己做的菜。

5、Thewordcompulsorycouldbebestreplacedby

A:

forced.

B:

required.

C:

requested.

D:

demanded.

答案:

B

解析:

“compulsorycourse”也可以说“requiredcourse”。

6、Hypertension（n.高血压）Drugs（are）Found（被发现）toCutRiskofStroke（中风）

AustraliandoctorsdeclaredMondaythatacocktailofsimpleantihypertensivedrugscanlowertheriskofpatientssufferingarepeatstrokebymorethanathird.Thisistheresultoftheirresearch.Theresearch,presentedatamedicalconferenceinItalyovertheweekend,hasbeenvaluedhighlyasamajorbreakthroughinstrokeprevention.Strokeskill5millionpeopleayear,andmorethan15millionsuffernon-fatalstrokesthatoftenleavethemwithuselesslimbs,slurredspeechandotherserousdisabilities.Oneinfivestrokesurvivorsgoesontohaveasecond,oftenfatal,strokewithinfiveyearsofthefirst.Aninternationalsix-yearstudyof6,100patientsdirectedfromSydneyUniversityfoundthatbytakingtwobloodpressure-loweringdrugs,theriskofsecondarystrokescanbereducedbyupto40percent.Eventakingoneofthecommonlyavailabledrugscancuttheriskbyathird,thestudysaid.ThedrugsarethediureticindapamideandtheACEinhibitorperindopril,betterknownbyitsbrandnameCoversy.Thecombinationwaseffectiveeveninpatientswhodidnothavehighbloodpressure,theresearcherssaid.Theyevenfoundthattheriskofanotherstrokecouldbecutbythreequartersamongtheone-in-10patientswhohadsufferedacerebralhemorrhage,theworsttypeofstoke,wherethereisdirectbleedingintothebrain.StephenMcMahon,whopresentedtheresearchattheMilancongressoftheEuropeanSocietyofhypertension,saidabout50millionpeoplewerealivewhohadsufferedatleastonestroke.“Ifmostofthosepatientswereabletogetaccesstothistreatment,itwouldresultinmaybetheavoidanceofhalfamillionstrokesayear,”theprofessortoldAustralia’sABCRadio.McMahonsaiddoctorshadlongknownthatloweringthebloodpressureofthosewithhypertensioncouldhelppreventstrokes.“Whatwehaveshownforthefirsttimeisthatitdoesnotreallymatterwhatyourbloodpressureis;ifyouhavehadastroke,theloweringbloodpressurewillproducelargebenefits,tobeginwith—evenforpeoplewhosebloodpressureisaverageorbelowaverage,”hesaid.McMahonsaidtheMilangatheringhadheraldedtheresearchasa“majorbreakthroughinthecareofpatientswithstrokes—perhapsthebiggeststepforwardthatwehavemadeinthelastcoupleofdecades.”

Howmanypeoplesurvivingthefirststrokemaysufferanotherattackduringthefollowingfiveyears?

A:

Morethan33%ofthem.

B:

Upto40%ofthem

C:

20%ofthem.

D:

10%ofthem.

答案:

C

解析:

第二段第二句说中风后存活的病人，五人中有一人在第一次中风后五年内会再次中风，而且常常是致命的，所以C是正确答案。

7、Takingtwobloodpressure-loweringdrugsmayproduce_____lessriskofsecondarystrokesthantakingonlyonesuchdrug.

A:

threequarters

B:

nearlyfourtenths

C:

onefifth

D:

aboutonefourteenth

答案:

D

解析:

第三段说，服用两种降压药继发中风的危险性可减少到40%；单服一种药，其危险性则为1/3。

可见服用两种药比服用一种药可减少大约7%，即大约1/4的危险性。

8、.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasymptomleftbystrokes?

A:

Habitualsleeplessness.

B:

Losingthefunctionofonemoreextremities.

C:

Speakingunclearly.

D:

Seriousdisabilitiessuchasfacialparalysis.

答案:

A

解析:

第二段第一句说非致命的中风常造成病人四肢残废，有语言障碍以及其他严重残疾。

B，C，D就是这个意思，而A“习惯性失眠”则不属于中风的后遗症。

9、Howmanystrokesmaybereducedinayearifmostofstrokepatientscanbetreatedinthewayasthearticlerecommends?

A:

5,000,000

B:

500,000

C:

50,000,000

D:

15,000,000

答案:

B

解析:

第四段第二句说如果大多数病人有机会进行这样的治疗的话，每年就可以避免50万次中风的发生，所以B正确。

10、Whatpatientsamongthosewhohavehadastrokewillbenefitgreatlyfromtakingbloodpressure-loweringdrugs?

A:

Thosewhosebloodpressureishigh.

B:

Thosewhosebloodpressureisaverage.

C:

Thosewhosebloodpressureisbelowaverage.

D:

Alloftheabove.

答案:

D

解析:

最后一段说，血压高低并不重要，只要你得过中风，降低血压就会有很大的益处，即使血压正常或低于正常也是如此，所以D是正确答案。

11、AGay（n.同性恋）Biologist（n.生物学家）MolecularbiologistDeanHammerhasblueeyes,lightbrownhairandagoodsenseofhumor.Hesmokescigarettes,spendslonghoursinanoldlaboratoryattheUSNationalInstituteofHealth,andinhisfreetimeclimbsupcliffsandpointshisskisdownsteepslopes.Healsohappenstobeopenly,matter-of-factlygay.　　WhatisitthatmakesHammerwhoheis?

What,forthatmatter,accountsforthetalentsandtraitsthatmakeupanyone'spersonality?

Hammerisnotcontentmerelytoasksuchquestions;heistryingtoanswerthemaswell.Apioneerinthefieldofmolecularpsychology,Hammerisexploringtherolegenesplayingoverningtheverycoreofourindividuality.Toaremarkableextent,hisworkonwhatmightbecalledthegay,thrill-seekingandquit-smokinggenesreflectshowowngeneticpredispositions.　　Thatwork,whichhasappearedmostlyinscientificjournals,hasbeengatheredintoanaccessibleandquitereadableforminHammer'screativenewbook,LivingwithOurGenes.“youhaveaboutasmuchchoiceinsomeaspectofyourpersonality.”Hamerandco-authorPeterCopelandwriteintheintroductorychapter,“asyoudointheshapeofyournoseorthesizeofyourfeet.”　　Untilrecently,researchintobehavioralgeneticswasdominatedbypsychiatristsandpsychologists,whobasedtheirmostcompellingconclusionsabouttheimportanceofgenesonstudiesofidenticaltwins.Forexample,psychologistMichaelBaileyofNorthwesternUniversityfamouslydemonstratedthatifoneidenticaltwinisgay,thereisabouta50%likelihoodthattheotherwillbetoo.Sevenyearsago,Hamerpickedupwherethetwinstudiesleftoff,hominginonspecificstripsofDNAthatappeartoinfluenceeverythingfrommoodtosexualorientation.　　Hamerswitchedtobehavioralgeneticsfrombasicresearch,afterreceivinghisdoctoratefromHarvard,hespentmorethanadecadestudyingthebiochemistryofaproteinthatcellsusetometabolizeheavymetalslikecopperandzinc.Ashewasabouttoturn40,however,Hamersuddenlyrealizedhehadlearnedasmuchabouttheproteinashecaredto.“Frankly,Iwasbored,”heremembers,“andread