三级语法.docx

1、三级语法三级语法-定语从句定语从句全真试题 1. He never stopped trying to do something _to do. (2001/6) A. which he decided B. that he had decided C. he decides D. he would decide 2. She spent a lot of time in that small town _she was born.(2002/1) A. which B. that C. when D. where 3. The doctor _ in the poverty-stricken

2、 village was popular with the villagers.(2003/1) A. settled down B. which settled down C. who settled down D. settling down 4. The investigation, _ will soon be published, was made by Professor Smith.(1997/1) A. at which the results B. the results on which C. whose results D. of which results.5. He

3、spoke English confidently and fluently, _ impressed me most. (2003/12) A. so that B. it C. that D. which 6. The teacher told the students the final exam would be piece of cake,_, on the contrary, made the students even more nervous. （2009/6） A. this B. which C. it D. that 7. _ can be seen from the c

4、omparison of the two charts, sales of automobiles jumped 3.2 percent in October.(2006/12) A. As B. What C. So D. That8. Many things-going abroad, owing a car, _impossible in the past are now very common. （2006/12） A. being considered B. to be considered C. were considered D. considered 定语从句定语从句是三级考试

5、中几乎每次必考的语法点。其用法比较复杂，以下从三个方面讲述定语从句。一、关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句1、定语从句可以由关系代词或关系副词引导。 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where, why定语从句e.g. 1. No one lives in the room whose windows are broken. (2000/1) 2. The book which /that you are reading is written by a contemporary American novelist. 3. He showe

6、d me a photo of the fancy hotel on the seashore where he stayed for a week. 2、关系代词which &that 关系代词which 和that 在从句中充当宾语成分，可以省略。 e.g. The bag (that/ which) my wife is carrying was bought in Italy.定语从句中只能用that不能用which的情况 1）当先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词时： O

7、nce they had fame, fortune, secure futures; now all _ is left is poverty.(1999/1) A. which B. that C. what D. it2）当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时： e.g. 1. This is the most important position that (不用which ) a graduate from the college has ever been offered. 2. The first place that they visited in London was Big Ben

8、.3) 当先行词既有人又有物时： e.g. The old man and his dog that you saw along the river are close friends.4）当先行词被 first, last, any, only, few, much, no ,some, very, just等限定词修饰时： e.g. 1.Please send me any information that you have about the subject. 2.This is the very house that I am after all these years.定语从句中只能

9、用which 不能用that的情况 1）在非限制性定语从句中，引导词只能是which (有时也用as),而不能用that。 e.g. The crime was not discovered till 48 hours later , which gave the criminal plenty time to get away2）在“介词+关系代词”结构中，只能用which 不能用 that： e.g. I could not find the notebook on which I had wrote his address.注意：in that 是状语从句连词，意为：“因为” e.g.

10、Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that it promotes competition.3、关系代词whosewhose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。e.g. I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.注意：指物时，whose 可以用“of which (the)”结构来代替：The classroom whose door is bro

11、ken will soon be repaired.= The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? =Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?4.关系代词 as当先行词受such, as, the same 等修饰时，关系词常用as。Ive never heard as interesting a story as he tells. He is not such

12、a fool as he looks. This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。 She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.5. 关系代词but but 有时也用作关系词引导定语从句,相当于“which /that/ who/whom +not” There are

13、 very few but admire his talents.（but = who dont） There are no difficulties but can be overcome.（but = that not） 二、“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句掌握该语法点的要点如下：1、该结构即可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句；2、该结构中，关系代词只能是whom 或which ，不用that；3、该结构中介词的选择可能要根据上下文的意思，或根据先行词的习惯搭配。 e.g. 1. We went up to the roof, from which we had a good

14、 view of the parade (2002/6) 2. Jane spent all evening talking about her latest book, of which none of us had ever heard.(1995/6) 3. This is the farm on which he has worked for more than 10years.三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词， 对先行词起限定作用，如果省略会使原句意思残缺。 非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，修饰先行词或整个主句，仅仅对主句起补充说明作用，省略不改变原句

15、意思的完整性。e.g. 1. His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on. (非限制性定语从句修饰先行词) 2. The fellow I spoke to gave no answer, which puzzled me.(2004/6) (非限制性定语从句修饰主句)试比较以下限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在句意上的区别 I have a brother who is studying at Zhejiang University.言外之意：我可能还有另外兄弟，但不在浙大上学。 I have a brother, who is stud

16、ying at Zhejiang University.言外之意：我只有一个在浙大上学的兄弟。四、关系代词的省略 关系代词which, whom, who, that 在定语从句作宾语时可以省略。但以下情况例外：1. 在“介词+关系代词” 结构中,连词不能省略e.g. This is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.注意:当介词防在动词后时,连词可省This is the headmaster (whom)my father was talking with just now2. 在非限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系

17、代词也不能省略.e.g. Mr. Green, whom you know, is the tallest in our school.3. 在 the sameas, suchas, soas, the same that结构中,as和that即使做宾语也不可以省略e.g. 1. I have bought the same book as you have (bought). 2. This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday. 4. 当由 and, but, or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时,只

18、有第一个关系代词可以省略e.g. This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I find very interesting.5. 关系副词的省略(1)当先行词是reason, 而且在定语从句中作原因状语时, 关系副词why 可以省略 e.g. The reason (why) he failed was his laziness.(2) 当先行词是way, 而且在定语从句中作方式状语时, 连词可以用in which , that, 也可以省略. e.g. That was the way (in which/ that) she w

19、orked the problem out. 注意:以下情况连词不可省 e.g. I dont know the way that/ which leads to the top of the moutain. (连词做主语)五、定语从句&同位语从句1. 同位语从句，即从句在句中作主语或宾语的同位语，是对句子主语或宾语的解释、说明。e.g. We heard the news that our team had won. The fact that the transport of the goods costs too much was not discussed.其后常用同位语从句的名词主

20、要是抽象名词，如：belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news,possibility, thought, message, problem,promise, 等等。2.同位语从句与定语从句的区别(比较)同位语从句:The suggestion that we discuss the problem all over again is a good one. 定语从句:The suggestion that he gave at the meeting was a good one.1.同位语从句是名词性从句, 他的作用是对名 词进行补充说明; 定语从句是形容词性

21、从句,他的作用是对先行词进行修饰限定,描述其性质或特征.2.同位语从句中的连词that 在从句中不充当成分,只起到连词的作用,一般不可省略; 定语从句中的连词that在从句中充当主语或宾语，有实际意义,作宾语时还可以省略让步状语从句让步状语从句全真试题1. _good to Chinas economic prospects are, we still have a long way to go.(1997/6) A. Whatever B. However C. Even if D. Although 2. Though the electric car is technically pos

22、sible, _not very profitable.(2003/1) A. it is B. but it is C. and it is D. however it is3. The wooden house is still in good condition _it was built over 100 years ago.(2005/12) A. since B. because C. despite D. though 4. Why do those rich people steal things _ they could easily afford to buy them ?

23、(2006/6) A. that B. because C. if D. when 5. Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, _those in the south are relatively poor,(2006/12) A. and B. while C. but D. however 6. What you said was true. It was, _ , a little impolite.(2006/6) A. nevertheless B. otherwise C. thus D. furthermore让步状语从

24、句通常用 though, although, no matter, even if, if, even though, however, whatever等引起1although 和though 引导的让步状语从句：两个词同义，一般情况下可以互换使用，如：He didnt light the fire though / although it was cold. though可以和even 连用，但although 不可以，如： Although (Even though) the traffic held us up, we got to the airport on time. thoug

25、h 可以放在句中或句末，通常用逗号隔开，如： He said he would come; he didnt, though. though引导的从句可用倒装语序（即把从句中的表语或状语等放在though之前），而although 不能这样用，如： Young though she is, yet she is fit for the job. (= Young as she is, ) 有时可用副词yet, still, nevertheless (但不能用连词but) 来配合连接词though或although，以加强语气，但不可用but, 如： Though he is over sev

26、enty, yet / still / nevertheless he can ride the bike.当主句中的主语和从句中的主语指同一个人或物时，though和although后面的主语和谓语动词be 可以省略，如： Though (it was) cold, it was a fine winter morning. Though (he was) severely wounded, yet he refused to leave the battle field. Though (they were) very tired, they continued to march on.2

27、. even if, even though和 if 引导的让步状语从句： even if 与 even though同义，常用于强调让步概念，如： Ill do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon. He was there even if we didnt see him. Even if you fail, you can try again. Ill help you, even if I dont sleep for a night. 注：if 有时也可以用于让步含义，但要注意条件if 与让步if 的区别，试比较： If he is p

28、oor, how can he buy the house? (条件) If he is poor, he is at least honest. (让步) (= even if) If he is inexperienced, he wont be able to accomplish it. (条件) If he is inexperienced, he is at any rate eager to learn. (让步) (= even if) If John had been there, I would have seen him. (条件) If John was there,

29、I didnt see him. (让步) (= even if) 3.由as, that, though引导的特殊让步状语从句结构：as可引导让步从句, 但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。（though, that与as一样，也可以用于这种结构），如下面几种情况： 表语的倒装： Tired as he was, he still went on with his work. Old as I am, I can still fight. Clever as you may be, you cannot do that. Tall as / though he was, h

30、e couldnt reach the top shelf. Difficult though the task was, they managed to accomplish it in time. 状语的倒装（这时状语之前不可加very, much等修饰语） Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man. Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them. 谓语动词的倒装： Try as he would, he could not remember a word

31、of it. (= No matter how he would try ) Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam. Hate him as we may, we must admit his greatness. Search as they would, they could find nothing in the room.注意事项： 如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词，如： Teacher as Michael is, he is not capable of teaching all subjects. Child as / that he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best. Child as he is, he knows m