船岸间静电接地的问题探讨.docx

1、船岸间静电接地的问题探讨船岸间静电接地的问题探讨以下说明必须遵守在泊位危险区域中对电器设备的使用要求（需要具备：官方部门对电器设备的检验证书，图纸等）Electrical Hazard zoning of waterfront area not available.-Terminal to make a zoning lay out for the berth area.一、目前有关船岸间跨接电线（即静电接地线，简称静电线）的操作：如果规定必须连接静电线，则首先必须通过机械和电子鸣叫方式进行检查，静电线在装卸集管的接触点应该相当干净。需要安装船岸静电线时，岸方的接线处必须加装适宜1#危险区域的

2、开关（即防爆开关）。非常重要的一点是在接线前或断开电缆后，要确保开关总是在“关闭”位置。只有当静电线与船方良好的固定和连接并且开关是正确关闭的情况下，静电线需在接管之前连接并在拆管之后拆掉。If a bonding cable is insisted upon, it should first be inspected to see that it is mechanically and electrically sound. The connection point for the cable should be well clear of the manifold area. There

3、should always be a switch on the jetty in series with the bonding cable and of a type suitable for use in a Zone 1 hazardous area. It is important to ensure that the switch is always in the “off” position before connecting or disconnecting the cable. Only when the cable is properly fixed and in good

4、 contact with the ship should the switch be closed. The cable should be attached before the cargo hoses are connected and removed only after the hoses have been disconnected.二、使用跨接电线时必须正确安装防爆开关，并且能够正确使用尽管使用船岸跨接电线的潜在危险已被广泛认知，然而一些国家和地方规定还在要求联接船岸跨接电线。如果坚持要使用船岸跨接电线，那一定要配备适合的防爆开关，并有操作程序。在接线和拆线之前，防爆开关应处于切

5、断位置。有关静电线防爆开关图片如下1有关静电线防爆开关图片如下2有关静电线防爆开关图片如下3没有安装防爆开关的设计是非常危险的通过夹具与船方相连的方式也存在很多问题。最主要的是船方船舷都有良好的防腐，如果防腐失效，则又会产生严重的腐蚀，所以夹具一般都很难与船体保持良好的接触。如果想做到良好接触，则需要破坏船体的防腐涂层或者进行除锈作业，这对船体的安全都是有影响的。三、船岸间静电问题的说明1、船岸间的电流并非以静电现象存在事实上，船岸之间电流的问题，与静电是完全不同的两回事！In fact, large currents can flow in electrically conducting p

6、ipe work and flexible hose systems between the ship and shore. 这些电流的来源:The sources of these currents are: 船岸间导电性的管路和软管系统可能有大量的电流过，这些电流来源于：由外加直流电系统或腐蚀阳极提供的码头或船壳阴极保护系统，由船岸之间电位差产生的杂散电流或者电源产生的漏电。Cathodic protection of the jetty or the hull of the ship provided by either a DC impressed current system or

7、by sacrificial anodes. Stray currents arising from galvanic potential differences between ship and shore or leakage effects from electrical power sources.2、IMO对于静电问题的处理方式推荐使用绝缘法兰接头鉴于上述船岸静电来源的说明，国际海事组织有如下做法：虽然有些国家和地方的法规仍需要强制连接跨接电缆，但是应该指出的是国际海事组织在“港区内危险品安全运输、装卸与储存的建议（1995）”中督促各港口当局阻止使用船岸跨接电线，并且采纳上述使用绝

8、缘法兰或单段非导电性软管的有关建议。While some national and local regulations still require mandatory connection of a bonding cable, it should be noted that the IMO recommendations on the Safe Transport of Dangerous Cargoes and Related Activities in Port Areas (1995) urge port authorities to discourage the use of shi

9、p/shore bonding cables and to adopt the recommendation concerning the use of an insulating flange (see Section 17.5.5.below) or a single length of non-conducting hose as described above. Insulating flanges should be designed to avoid accidental short circuiting.四、绝缘法兰在使用中的注意事项鉴于国际海事组织的规定，目前新建码头越来越多使

10、用“绝缘法兰”，但是使用绝缘法兰必须有严格的“绝缘法兰测试制度”绝缘法兰测试Testing of Insulating Flanges检测工具：通过专门设计的具有5 V驱动电压的也适用于阻抗超过1000欧姆的绝缘测试仪进行常规的测试。有个建议是手持式万用表是不适用于绝缘法兰的电阻测试。Testing Tool: Routine testing should be undertaken with an insulation tester specifically designed to have a typical driving voltage of 5V or more when appli

11、ed to a resistance of 1000 ohms greater. It is recommended that hand held multimeters are not used for resistance testing of insulating flanges.测试频度：至少每年一次。Testing Frequency: at least annually. 阻抗：不小于一千欧姆。Resistance: Not less than 1000 ohms. 常见绝缘法兰照片1常见绝缘法兰照片2常见绝缘法兰照片3市面上不好的绝缘法兰使用案例华德石化有限公司何 望2011年10月