初高中常见的英语时态.docx

1、初高中常见的英语时态1 一般现在时 用动词原形2 一般过去时 用动词过去时3 现在进行时 be + ving4 过去进行时 was/were + ving 5 一般将来时 will + 动词原形 或 be going to +动词原形6 过去将来时 would + 动词原形 或 was/were going to +动词原形7 现在完成时 have/has + v过去分词 8 过去完成时 had + v过去分词 9 现在完成进行时 have/has been + ving10 过去完成进行时 had been + ving11 一般将来进行时 will be + ving12 过去将来进行时

2、would be + ving13 将来完成时 will have + v过去分词14 过去将来完成时 would have + v过去分词 15 将来完成进行时 will have been + ving16 过去将来完成进行时 would have been + vingIf you dont _take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret(后悔) later in the day.if引导的条件状语从句，句中应用一般现在时表示一般将来时In England, you can also have summer in winter, _and

3、 have winter in summer.分析前后两分句，它们之间仅是并列关系The weather gets a little_ cold只有a little可以用来修饰形容词few; a few,因为它们修饰可数名词There are few students in the classroom after class.否定，没有几个学生a great deal of =much只修饰不可数名词you can experience(经历) four seasons in _one_ day. one表示“不定的、随意的”一般过去时/时间状语从句An accident happened t

4、o little Tom when he was riding in the street.一般过去时Sarrys father went fishing last weekend.现在进行时Michael and his wife are watching an exciting TV program.Many young people are thinking about buying private cars.Shirley is speaking to Simon about saving the earth.Tom and Jack are flying kites happily

5、in the parkThe blind man is trying to cross the road. Let go and help him.现在完成时Jack has got a cold and is making a phone call to his doctor in the bed.一般现在时Students clean their classroom after school every day.Peter, time for breakfast. We have eggs, cakes and milk today.Little Mary has to play the

6、violin for two hours every day.条件从句If you dont know the word, why not look it up in the dictionary?It 结构Its my first time to take a trip by ship.祈使句Mike, time for bed. Turn off the TV.系表结构Children are happy to see the heavy snow.现在进行时Look, the students are planting trees. 情态动词(否定)Tony, you mustnt dr

7、ive so fast. Its too dangerous.一般现在时态和一般过去时态 1. “I _forget_ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I _forgot_ to bring my phone book.”【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”，这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填 forget；第二个人说“我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了”，这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上（注意句中的转折连词 b

8、ut），故第二空应填 forgot， Oh, I _forget_ where he lives. Dont you carry your address book？ No, I _forgot_ to bring it.一般过去时态 2. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _ was too busy. 【分析】前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。 （1） We had hoped to catch the 10：2

9、0 train, but _found_ it was gone. （2） We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _didnt_. （3） We had wanted to come to see him, but we _ had_ no time.（4） I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone _ called_ and I couldnt get away.（5） The traffic accident wouldnt hav

10、e happened yesterday, but the driver _was_ really careless. 3. Dear me！ Just _look,_ at the time！ I _had_ no idea it was so late. 【分析】第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填 had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态， 4. “Your phone number again？ I _ didnt _ quite catch it.” “Its 4331577”

11、【分析】根据上文的语境“请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗？”可知“没听清对方的电话号码”应是在说此话以前，故应用一般过去时态。 （1） “Mr Smith isnt coming tonight.” “ But he _promised_.” 他答应（要来）”应发生在过去。 （2） “Hey, look where you are going！” “Oh, Im terribly sorry. _I wasnt noticing_.”我没注意”是对方提醒之前的事，现经对方一提醒，当然注意到了。 （3） “Oh its you！ I _didnt recognize_ you.” “Ive had

12、my hair cut.”没认出是你”是说此话之前的事，说此话时显然已经认出了对方。 （4） “Whats her new telephone number？” “Oh, I _forget_.”从语境上看，“忘记”的时间应是现在，即指现在不记得了。 （5） “Since youve agreed to go, why arent you getting ready？” “But I _didnt realize_ that you would have me start at once.”没意识到是对方提醒之前的事。 （6） “Its twelve oclock, I think I mus

13、t be off now.” “Oh, really？ I _didnt realize_ it at all.”“没意识到”是在听到的话之前的事。 过去进行时态5. Mr Smith _was writing_ a book about China last year but I dont know whether he has finished it.这是由 but I dont know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。wrote，句子前半部分的意思则变为“史密斯先生去年写了一本

14、书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。 6. He has changed a lot. He _is_ not what he _was_. 上文说“他”变化很大，即“他”现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其实第二空也可用 used to be）。“What place is it？” “Havent you found out we _ are_ back where we _were_？” We are back where we were 的意思是“我们（现在）又回到刚才来过的地方”。 7. He is very busy.

15、 I dont know if he _will come_ or not tomorrow. 【分析】句中if引导的不是条件状语从句（即if如果），而是宾语从句（即if是否），句意为“他很忙，我不知道明天他是否会来。” （1） I dont know if she _will come_, but if she _comes_ I will let you know.第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。 （2） “When _will_ he come？” “I dont know, but when he _comes_, Ill tell you.”第一个

16、 when 疑问副词，用于引出一个特殊疑问句；第二个 when是从属连词，用于引导时间状语从句。 （3） “When he _will come_ is not known yet.” “But when he _comes_, he will be warmly welcomed.”第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句。 8. The bridge, which _dates from _ 1688, needs repairing. 【分析】因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”（have existed since），它通常用于一般现在

17、时，而不用过去时态（尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间）。如： The church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。 The castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡是14世纪建的。 但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，则可用一般过去时。如： The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。 注：与 date from 同义的 date back t

18、o 也有类似用法。一般将来时态 9. “Youve left the light on.” “Oh, so I have. _Ill go_ and turn it off.”因为根据上下文的语境来看，“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的，而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯：will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用 will.will的用法 “Ive come out without any money.” “Never mind

19、, I will lend you some.” “我出来没带钱。”“没关系，我借给你。”（句中用will lend，表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应）be going to do的用法Ive bought a typewriter and Im going to learn to type. 我买了台打字机，我想学打字。（句中用 be going to learn to type，表示说话人要学打字是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机） 语态语态定义：英语中表示主语和谓语之间的关系的动词形式称为语态。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，

20、被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We teach English in our school .(主动)English is taught in our school .（被动）2被动语态：助动词Be + 及物动词的过去分词（be +p.p.），be有人称、时态和数的变化。时 态 谓语动词的形式 例子一般现在时 Am / is / are + 动词过去分词 Colour TVs are made in the factory .一般过去时 Was / were +动词过去分词 My hometown was liberated in 1949 .一般将来时 Shall / will + be

21、+动词过去分词 The film will be shown again .现在进行时 Am / is / are + being +动词过去分词 The walls are being painted .过去进行时 Was / were +being动词过去分词 The tickets were being well sold then .现在完成时 Has / have + been + 动词过去分词 A new road has been built here .过去完成时 Had + been +动词过去分词 Much had been done before mother came

22、back含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词be动词过去分词 The composition must be handed in today .3 被动语态中值得注意的问题：1 带有双宾语的动词，可以把任何一个宾语变被动，一般在间接宾语前加适当的介词。My father gave me a book .I was given a book by my father .A book was given to me by my father .2 英语中有些动词用主动语态表示被动语态。The cloth washes well .This kind of bags sells well.The sho

23、es wear long. The knife cuts well . The pen writes smoothly . This coat lasts long .3 在英语中有时“be + V-ed”结构并不是被动语态，而是系表结构。The mountains were covered with snow .4 在“主语谓语宾语宾语补足语”的结构中，要补留宾语补足语。We found the door broken. 宾语补足语The door was found broken.宾语补足语5 宾语补足语为省to的不定式，变为被动语态后，要还原to。He made me laugh. I

24、was made to laugh .6 如果短语动词是及物动词时，可以用被动语态，但不能遗漏所含的介词或副词。The nurse looked after the baby .The baby was looked after by the nurse .We must make up for the lessons we missed. The lessons we missed must be made up for .7 下列情况不能用被动语态：A 不及物动词： The accident happened on a busy road yesterday .B 连系动词： The gi

25、rl looks like her sister .C 宾语为反身代词：He always dresses himself neatly .英音：ni:tli整洁地,干净地D 宾语为相互代词：The students often help each other .E 同源宾语：At that time, they lived a happy life .F 表示状态的及物动词：I have a new car. The book costs me 30 yuan .（十二）动词的时态：过去将来时 从过去某个时间看将来发生的动作 should / would + 动词原形was / were g

26、oing to 动词原形was / were to + 动词原形was / were about to + 动词原形was / were + 动词ing 通常在宾语从句中出现，主句为过去时He said (that) he would go to Maoming the next day .She told me (that) she was moving to France in two days . 句子*句子的成分1定义：组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，即：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。表语、宾语、宾语补足语都是谓语里的组成部分。主 语：

27、表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。 Lucy is an American girl .We study in No.1 Middle School .谓 语：说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致 We love China . / She is singing .Mike hopes to be a doctor . / His parents are farmers .表 语：说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当

28、，和连系动词一起构成谓语。 Her aunt is a driver . / Are you ready ?We were at home last night .宾 语：表示动词、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。 He often helps me . / We study English at school.Did you see him yesterday ?定 语：用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 The black bike is mine. / Whats your

29、 name, please ?We have four lessons in the morning ?状语：用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来表示。 People are all working hard. / It is very nice. We had a meeting this afternoon .宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。这类词有：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let等。He made me very angry. I find him a good boy .*句子的种类1英语中按使用目的或功用分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。A陈述句。1 陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法。陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句两种。a陈述句的肯定式。I h