1、八年级英语上下册语法总结doc八年级上册语法点Unit 1 How often do you exercise?Grammar: 特殊疑问句:wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom 等。 特殊疑问句的构成及用法:1.结构:特殊疑问词+ 般疑问句,即:特殊疑问词+b/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语(+ 其他)疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),(在这里助动词do(does或did)是起帮助构成疑问的作用)与一般现在时或一般过去时连用,回答一般是用表示频率的副词,如:once, twice, thre
2、e times-,sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。How often do you go to the factory? Twice a week.你们多久到.I 厂 去一次? 每星期两次。 “How often does he go shopping?” “He goes shopping once a month.”2. What do you usually
3、do on weekends?w “ I usually play soccer.” “周末你通常做什么? ” “我通常踢足球。”第一个do为助动词,在这起帮助构成疑问的作用;而第二个do则是实义动词。 番羽译: What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies. What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.Unit 2 What,s the matter with you?Grammar:1.用have来描述身体不适have/have got
4、 a +疾病名字;得了 病2情态动词should,情态动词should,can, may, must没有人称和时态的变化,后接动词原形Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?Grammar:现在进行时表将来一般将来时表示将要做某事或计划打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing”其中be是助动词,它有人称和单复数的 变化。Be: am, is, are. be 4- v.ing是现在进行时的形式,但用于表示将来。用进行时表将来,常用于 表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情,一般指个人计划要做的事。用于此情况的动词一般是表示位 置转移的动词,如,go, come,
5、leave, start, arrive, move 等。 一肯定句中,结构为“be+doingTI am going shopping this afternoon.2.否定句是在 be 之后力H not. Fm not going to shopping this afternoon.3.一般疑问句是将 be 置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?一Yes, I am/ we are. No, Tm not./ We arent.4.When is he going camping?Where is she going?特殊疑问句“疑问词+般
6、疑问句语序/What are you doing for vacation? Who are you going there with?Unit 4 How do you get to school?Grammar: How引导的特殊疑问句:How引导的特殊疑问句表方式,木单元表达的是交通方式回答用:1. by +交通工具 句型:主语+go/get to +地点+ by +交通工具2.take +限定词+ 交通工具 句型:主语+ take +限定词+交通工具+to+地点How does he get to shool?He takes the train to get to shook特殊疑问
7、句的简略结构:how about +名词或动词ing形式?,用于提出建议、请求或征求意见、 询问消息等。如:How about playing tennis?Unit 5 Can you come to my party?Grammar:情态动词can及邀请句式及其问答1.情态动词can的用法:Can是最长用的情态动词,其后跟动词原形,can的否定形式为cannot, cant1.can 表能力”,意思是:能,会 I can paly basketball,but I can swim.2.can表示能力时可和be able to互换,be able to有更多的时态,常被用来表示can所不能
8、表示 的将来或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.3.表示“可能性”,意思是:可以,可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.4.表示允许,意思是可以能够 You can have the book when I have finished it.5.表示“惊讶、不相信等(用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句屮”。意思是“会、可能。”This cant be true. Can it be true?2.如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请1.表达邀请
9、的常用句型:Can you come to.?Could you come to.?Would you like to come to.?Do you want to come to.?2.接受邀请的常用句型:Sure. Certainly. OK. Fd love to.3.谢绝邀请的常用句型:Fm sorry, I cant I have to.Fm afraid I cant. I have to.I dont think I can. I have to.Unit 6 Im more outgoing than my sister.Grammar:/容词的比较级1.规则变化、不规则变化
10、(课本P93)2.than是比较级中最常见的标志词,意思是“比”。用于引Hl比较的对象。1 .He draws better than me.Yoifre older than I am. You are older than me.3.形容词比较级前,有时可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等词來修饰。Much和fai表示 得多 v ,much better 好得多,a little, a bit 表示稍微,一些,一点。a little shorter,稍微矮点;even表示甚至,更加,述要 even bigger还要大些,three
11、times表示“生”,女口 three times bigger than 比 大三彳咅Very绝不可以用来修饰比较级,very,so,too, quite修饰原级Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?Grammar:可数名词与不可数名词1.可数名词英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式 可在名词前加a或an,表示一个,如a pear.其负数形式要在词尾加s,或es (特殊情况除外),如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few student
12、s few bags2.不可数名词1.不可数名词指物体的数量不可数。不可数名词没有单复数Z分,也不能在词前直接加冠词a或an. 表示不可数名词的数量时可在不可数名词前加相应的由量词构成的短语。如a bag of. 2常见的量词短语有:a piece of. a cup of. a teaspoon of. a bottle of.3.不可数名词还可以用下面的词表示数量:much much rain a little little4.既可以修饰不可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词有:Lots of= a lot of许多,大量 some 些(用于肯定句)any 些(用于否定句和一般疑问句)Unit
13、 8 How was your school trip?Grammar:一般过去时:指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去意义的时间状语连用。 女n: yesterday, last year(week,month.),two years ago, in2006 等。有时也可用 when,after,before, as soon as引导的时间状语从句。该时态在句屮的体现是谓语动词用过去式。谓语be动词-was/were 否 定: wasnt/werent. Be动词句型一般疑问句:was/were +主语特殊疑问句:疑问词+was/were+主语陈述句:主语+was/wer
14、e+.(肯定句)否定句:主语+wasn”wei*enl+.二. 行为动词句型(当句中的动词为行为动词时,要借助动词did构成一般疑问句和否定句) 肯定式:主语+动词过去式否主式:主语+didn,t+动词原形一般疑问句:Did 4-主语+动词原形特殊疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形Unit 9 When was he born?Grammar: 一般过去时的特殊疑问句一般过去时的特殊疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样,不同Z处在于须将be动词或助动词改为过去 时态,即“特殊疑问词+were或was(第三人称单数)+主语+ (表语)+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+ 助动词did+主语+实义动词+其他成分。”1
15、.以when引导的特殊疑问句,对某人的出生年月进行提问,句型是:When was/were.born? . was/were born in +时间When was David beckham born?大卫贝克汉姆是什么时候出生的? He was bom in 1975.2.以how long引导的特殊疑问句,对表示某一短时间的状语进行提问。句型是:How long did + 主语+动词?How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.3.When did he start hiccupping?他什么时候开始打嗝? When +did+主语+动词?Unit 10 Pm going to be a basketball player.Grammar:般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来 的时间状语连用。1.be going to + 动词原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?2.will/shall + 动词原形 I will go to my
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