八年级上英语期中复习资料语法篇doc.docx

1、八年级上英语期中复习资料语法篇doc英语八年级（上）期中复习资料一一语法篇一x should 和 ought to 的用法（一）Should &ought to都是 情态动词。常用来提供或征求意见，或表达说话者认为应 该做的事，意思是应该是。1. should/oughtto +动词 原型表示应该做某事,或做某事的动机是正确的。女口：（1） Tom should go to bed earlier. He goes to bed very late and hes always tired.Tom应该早点睡。他很晚睡觉，于是总觉得很累。（2） Its a nice film You ought

2、 to go and see it.这是部不错的电影，你应该去看一看。2.ought to 的否定式是 ought not to 或缩写为 oughtnt to ；should的否定式是 should not 或缩写为 shouldnt。女U：You shouldnt tell my mother about this.你不应该把这件事告诉我妈妈。He oughtnt to leave without saying anything.他不应该一声不吭就离开。（二） 区分 should/must You shouldnt be cruel to animals.（不具备强制力） You must

3、nt park your car here. Drive it away immediately具有强帝【J力）（三） Should/ought to 常与 think 连用 1think should/ought to 2dont think .should/ ought to 3.Do you think .should/ought to.?（四） should和ought to用于疑问句中，常用来询问他人的意见或建议。如：（1） Ought I to finish my homework now? Yes, you ought to.（2） When should I leave hom

4、e tomorrow?疑问句的形式是：should+主语+动词原形Ought+ 主语 +to +动词原形练习：A）1. We throw the rubbish into the bin.A. should B. ought to C. may D would2. Parents raise their children until they are 18.A. should B. ought to C may D. would3. They discuss it now.A. ought to not B. not ought to C donzt ought to D. ought not

5、 to4. he his parents about this problem?A. Should, listens B. Ought, listens to C. Should, listen to D. Ought, listen to5. He here on time.A. should came B. should come C. should comes D. should comi ngB）He ought to finish this work at the moment.1. this work at the moment? （改成一般疑问句）2. He this work

6、at the moment.（改成否定句）He should put the books here3. He the books here.（改成否定句）4. he the books here?（改成一般疑问句）Should we stay here?5. No, .（作否定回答）【练习答案】A） ABDCBB） 1.Ought he to finish 2.ought not to finish 3.should not put 4.Should put 5. we should nt、Infinitive and Gerunds（_）不定式（Infinitive）1. 什么是动词不定式？

7、主要行为动词后面的动词都釆用了“to+动词原形的结构,我们把这种结构称为动词不定式（有吋可以不带to）。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。乙 不定式的语用功能1） 表示“决定、计划、打算做某事”。如：We need to help the animals live in peace.我们要帮助动物生活在安全的环境里。Many people decide not to think about it. 很多人决定不去想这件事。这是同学们最熟悉的表达方式，再如：hope to do sth., plan to do sth.和want to do sth.。我 们会发现，动词后面的不

8、定式所表示的都是未来发生的事情。如果表示“决定不做某事， 打算不做某事”，就可以采用decide not to do sth.和plan not to do sth结构的句型。2） 表示对某一行为的描述。如：It was interesting to leam about the Wolong Panda Reserve. 了解卧龙大熊猫自然环境保护区 的知识很有趣。Its sad to think about all those animals in danger.想起那些濒危动物让人很难过。 当我们要表示“做某事很重要等类似概念时就可以使用包含动词不定式的这个句型:It is . to d

9、o sth.It is important to build a nature reserve.建立一个自然保护区十分重要。It is good to get up early in the morning.早晨早起有好处。3） 表示一个人对某件事的态度。如：Are you surprised to find out that whales are in danger?发现鲸处境很危险你感到震惊吗？ 当我们表示类似于“见到您很高兴之类的意思时，可以采用sb. be glad to do sth的句型。 如：He was happy to see them again.他为再次见到他们而感到高兴

10、4） 表示某一事或物的某种属性，如：Their water isnt good to drink . 他们的水不适宜饮用 当我们要表达诸如“这个问题很难回答”、“这些苹果不好吃之类的意思时，一般可以采用也 is +形容词+ to do的结构。女口：This question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难冋答。5） 计划、方案、时间等名词后常用不定式。如：The government has made a new plan to help pandas.政府已经制订了一个保护大熊猫的新计 划。6） 表示目的。如：Our government is working

11、hard to save pandas.政府正在努力拯救大熊猫。在英语中如果表示“做某事是为了什么时，就可以用动词不定式表示目的，称为目的状语。不定式可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。如：To catch the early bus he got up at 5 oclock in the morning.为了赶上早班车,他早晨 5 点就起 床了。7） 表示“可以派某种用场”这类意思。如：Many animals have no place to live in.许多动物没有地方生存。当要表示“可以居住的房间”、“可以食用的东西”、“可以停车的地方等类概念时，就可 以用动词不定式，在这种句子中不定

12、式作名词的定语。如：There is no place to park cars in this area.这里没有可以停车的地方。8） 表示某事或物怎么样。如：The difficulty is to stop people killing them.最困难的是阻止人们猎杀它们。Your duty today is to send these letters out.你今天的任务就是把这些信都发岀去。（二）动名词 （Gerunds）1介词+ doing （介宾）I am sorry for hurting your feelings.We should keep/stop them from

13、 going out.2动词固定搭配，做宾语。finish doing / eniov doing / mind doing sth. / keep doing sth, practice HoinE sth. /give up doing /suggest doing/be busv doing sth. / denv （admit） doing sth.You should practice speaking English every day.3动词放在前面作主语，相当于名词短语的作用。Collecting stamps is great fun.Eating too much meat

14、 is harmful to your health.（三）动名词和动词不定式的联系和区别1 区别 to do sth. / doing sth.stop to do sth.停下(正做的事情)去做另一件事 stop doing sth.停下正在做的事情(stop to do sth.= stop doing sth. to do sth.) remember to do sth.记住要做某事 remember doing sth.记住曾做过某事 forget to do sth忘记去做某事 forget doing sth忘记曾做过某事 go on to do sth.继续去做另一件事 go

15、 on doing sth.继续做某事 try to do sth.设法去做，努力去做try doing sth.尝试着做 regret to do sth.对未做的事表示遗憾regret doing sth.对做过的事后悔 2、动词不定式和动名词作主语时的用法比较表一般抽象概念时可互换。Reading good books enriches our mind.To read good books enriches our mind.注：动词不定式和动名词作主语时谓语动词一定是单数。表具体的、特定情形下的或有待完成的动作,通常用动词不定式。To finish reading such a lo

16、ng novel will takes me several days.读完这么长的小说要花费我好几天的时间。(To finish reading such a long novel 表具体的待完成的动作。)Swimming is good for health, but to swim in such a polluted river is harmful to health. 游泳有益 健康，但在这条污染如此严重的河里游泳是有害健康的。(To swim in such a polluted river 指特定情况下的动作。)3.当表语是important, necessary,easv时后

17、面只能用不定式。且在it is+adj/n. +for/of sb to do sth句型只能用不定式作真正的主语；而表语为 no use, no good, a waste of time, worth 时，常用动名词。It is important to protect ourenvironment. It is no use at all arguing with him.4.在there is no后面只用动名词。There is no knowing whether he will come. There is no telling where he has gone.5 有些动词只

18、能用动词不定式作宾语afford offer agree ask decide expect hopewish refusepretendmanage6有些动词只能用动名词作宾语avoid advise appreciate!感激）suggest admit Permit（允许）keepconsiderdelay（延期） enjoy complete finish practise mindexcuse escaperisk misscant stand be used to look forward to put offgive up put up with（忍受p 容忍)keep on g

19、et down to (prep)(开始认真考虑) devote to (prep) havedifficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing在某些动词后如learn, continue既可以跟动名词也可以跟动词不定式， 意义上基本无差别。7.begin, start后面跟动词不定式和动名词都可以，通常可以互换，但在以下三种情 况下只能用不定式形式。A. begin, start本身为进行时态；B. 主语为非生物的名词或it时；C. 后接表示心理状态的动词不定式，女口： know, see, understand, feel, realizeo &在like, lo

20、ve, hate, prefer后，若表示习惯性行为、通常的动作多用动名词； 若表示特定的、具体的或一次性的动作时，多用不定式。练习：用所给单词的正确形式填空。1. Tony hates (see) his team lose.2. Daming enjoys (listen) to music.3. They decided (visit) Radio Beijing with Sally.4. They have to stop (talk) when the red light is on.5. Keep (study) English if you want to work on Ra

21、dio Beijing.6. You need (speak) English to work in radio.7. He started (make ) his own radio programme.8. He remembers (get) his first job in radio.9. He learnt (speak) on the radio.10. I want (win). I like (win).11. Is that the weather report?I need (know) if its going to rain.12. Sally told Chen H

22、uan she was (make) new friends.13. Ill try (record) the programme.14. Thats the end of the programme.Thank you for (listen).15. Tony likes listening to music, but he hates (practice) the piano.【练习答案】I- 5 seeing/listening/to visit/talking/studying6-10 to speak/making/getting/to speak/to win; winningI

23、I- 15 to know/making/to record/listening/practicing三、Comparative degree & Superlative degreeThe Regular Form构成方法原级比较级最高级1一般情况下.+ er/esttalltallertallest2以不发音的”结尾.+ % st”nicenicern icest3 以重读闭音节结尾，以“辅音 +兀音+辅音结尾的， 双写辅音加uernthin hot bigthinner hotter biggerthinnest hottest biggest4辅音字母+、”结尾，把 W 改成“I”再加

24、“eldest”funnyeasy busyfunnier easier busierfunniest easiest busiest5多音节单词.在adj前加 more/most”expe nsivemore expe nsivemost expe nsive2.The Irregular Form原级比较级最高级gooctwellbetterbestbadjllworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder elderolest eldestfarfarther furtherfarthest furthest3、常见用法A)比较级1)

25、 A + be+形容词比较级+than + B A比B更如：这棵树比那棵树高。This tree is taller than that one. 注意:比较级可以用a little, a bit, much, even, far来修饰，但是不能用very, quite,来 修饰。例：笔记木电脑比台式电脑贵一点。A laptop is a little more expensive than a desktop例：西瓜比苹果大得多。A watermelon is much bigger than an apple例：她甚至比她姐姐还聪明。She is even cleverer than he

26、r sister.2) “比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more +原级”,表示越来越例1：春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.例2：中秋过后天气越来越凉爽。It is getting cooler and cooler after Midautumn Festival.例3：我们的学校变得越来越美丽Our school is becoming more and more beaut讦ul.3) the +比较级,the+比较级”，表示“越越。例越快越好。The soon er, the

27、better.例2：你吃越多，就会越胖。The more you eat, the fatter you will be.例3：钱你赚得越多，花得越多。The more money you make, the more you spend.4) 用比较级表示倍数：1 A + be +倍数+ times + the +形容词对应名词形式+ of + B.如：这座新楼比那座旧楼的三倍高。The new building is three times the height of the old one.2 .A + be +倍数 + times +as + 原级 + as+ B如：亚洲是欧洲的四倍大

28、。Asia is four times as large as Europe. (3). A + be + 倍数 + 比较级 + than + B. 如：我们学校比你们学校大两倍。 Our school is twice bigger than yours.形容词、副词的高级形式主要用来比较三者或三者以上人或事物的B)最高级(1) 句 了中有表示范围的词或短语， 如：of the three, in our class, in the world 时， - 般要用最高级。如：他在我们班里是最高的。He is the tallest in our class.2) oneofthe+ 最高级如：

29、哈佛大学是世界上最有名的大学之一。Harvard University is one of the most famous universities in the world. 序数词+最高级如：屮国是世界第三大国。China is the third largest country in the world.(4) 否定词语+比较级”,或者否定词语+so.as表示最高级的意义 例X没什么比这个更简单了。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.例2： Jeff是班里最高

30、的男生。Jeff is the tallest boy in his class.=Nobody is taller than Jeff in his class. =Nobody is as tall as Jeff in his class. =Jeff is taller than anybody in his class.练习：用所给单词的正确形式填空。A)(1) My pocket money is much than yours.(much)(2) My country will become far . (beautiful)(3) He feels a lot than yesterday.(good)(4) This question is even than that one. (easy)(5) Lily is a little than her classmates.(thin)(6) This girl is a bit than that .(nice)B)1. The Yellow River is river in China.A. the Iongest B. the largest C. the second IongestD. the third longest2. is the largest con tine nt in the worl