国际物流英语100句修订版.docx

1、国际物流英语100句修订版国际物流英语100句1International Trade Milestones The development of international trade has been fostered over the years by several critical milestones, the ratification of several key international treaties, and the establishment of international organizations designed to facilitate and suppo

2、rt international trade activities. 国际贸易重大事件 一些重大事件对半个世纪以来国际贸易的发展起到了促进作用：一是，几个关键国际条约的签订；二是，一些旨在促进和支持国际贸易活动的国际组织的成立。2 The World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) was officially created on January 1; 1995. It “replaced” the GATT and is the organization that is essentially in charge

3、of “enforcing” free trade. Since 2001, the WTO has been working on the Doha Round of multilateral negotiations, whose goal is to improve trade in agriculture commodities, which is impeded by a large number of nontariff barriers, and replete with agriculture subsidies in developed countries. 世界贸易组织 世

4、界贸易组织（WTO)于1995年1月1日正式成立。它替代了关税及贸易总协定，实质上是负责促进自由贸易。世界贸易组织从2001年开始多哈回合的多边协商工作，其目的是促进农产品交易。多哈回合由于大量非关税壁垒及发达国家坚持给予农业大量的补贴而受阻。3The Creation of the Euro The euro is the European currency introduced in 1999 and put in circulation on January 1,2002 in twelve of the twenty-five countries of the European Uni

5、on (Austria ,Belgium ,Finland ,France ,Germany ,Greece ,Italy ,Ireland ,Luxembourg ,the Netherlands ,Portugal ,and Spain).It has also become the currency of a number of smaller countries not part of the European Union ,and the currency on which a number of developing countries have pegged their curr

6、encies .It was the first multinational effort to replace twelve strong legacy currencies , and it has become one of the strongest currencies of the world. 欧元的创建 欧元是1999年引入的欧洲货币，2002年1月1日在欧盟25个成员国中的12个国家（奥地利、比利时、法国、德国、芬兰、荷兰、卢森堡、爱尔兰、意大利、葡萄牙、西班牙和希腊）开始流通。一些小的非欧盟国家逐渐将欧元作为本国货币，还有一些发展中国家货币市价紧跟欧元。欧元是世界上第一次多

7、国努力用一种货币替代12种强势法定的货币，已经成为世界上最强势的货币之一。4. International Trade Drivers There are many explanations for the enormous surge in international trade in the second half of the twentieth century .Companies found reasons to expand their sales in foreign countries, and others found reasons to purchase some of

8、their raw material and supplies from abroad. These international trade drivers can generally be divided into four main categories: cost, competitive, market, and technology. 国际贸易驱动要素 对于20世纪后半期国际贸易的大幅增长有很多解释。譬如说，有些公司出于各种原因扩大其在国外市场的销售额，也有些公司出于各种原因在国外采购它们所需的原材料和供应品。这些国际贸易的驱动因素通常可以分为四大类：成本、竞争、市场和技术。 Cos

9、t Drivers For companies that require large capital investments in plants and machinery, there is a strong incentive to spread the cost of these fixed costs over a large number of units. For that reason, companies in the automobile industry have been among the first to seek customers outside of their

10、 domestic markets, and the companies that dominate that industry are present in just about every country. 成本驱动要素 对于需要大量资金投资于工厂和设备的公司，有一种强烈的刺激促使这些公司摊薄其固定成本。由于这个原因，汽车产业的公司成为最早寻找国外市场消费者的企业。处于汽车产业主导地位的公司的产品几乎出现在世界上的每一个国家。5. Competitive Drivers In some cases, it is a competitive incentive that drivers co

11、mpanies to expand overseas .For example, if one of their domestic competitors ventures into a particular country, they may feel compelled to follow suit, so as to not lose overall market share. 竞争驱动要素 在某些情况下，竞争的刺激促使一些公司向海外扩张。例如，如果它们的国内竞争跟着冒险进入某一国家，它们可能感觉被迫跟随去这样做才不至于丢掉海外市场份额。6. Market Drivers As inte

12、rnational tourism has exploded, consumers have become increasingly global in their interest, and their tastes and preferences have become almost uniform worldwide. This phenomenon was originally observed for products that reflected this consumer mobility, such as camera film and hotel rooms. 市场驱动要素

13、随着国际旅游需求的迅速扩大，消费者的爱好逐渐变得全球化，他们的品味和偏好也是如此。这种现象最初出现在能够反应消费者在全球范围内游历的产品中，例如相机的胶卷和旅馆的房间。7. Technology Drivers Another reason people are more familiar with products is that diffusion of information has become universal. Anyone with an Internet connection can quickly access Wikipedia or any other website

14、that provides information. Consumers can conveniently purchase products everywhere, and it is just as convenient to purchase from overseas as it is to purchase next door. 技术驱动要素 人们更熟悉产品的另外一个原因是信息扩散变得非常普遍。任何人接通因特网就可以快速连接维基百科或者其他提供信息的网站。消费者在世界各地都可以很方便地购买产品，从海外购买产品就像在家门口购买产品一样方便。8. The International Bu

15、siness Environment On a more practical level, the international logistics professional should have some understanding of the particularities of the international business environment. While it is impossible to replace experience in dealing with people from different countries, it is often useful to

16、know the relevant issues. 国际商务环境 在更实际的层面上，国际物流专业人士应该知道国际商务环境的特殊性。尽管与不同国家的人在交往的经验是不可替代的，但知道与不同国家人员交往时所注意的问题仍然是非常有用的。9. The international environment is often first described by differences in culture, which is a term that encompasses the entire heritage of the people living in a particular country or

17、 geographical area: their language, their customs, their traditions, their morals, their beliefs, and their relationship with one another. 国际环境的不同首先通常被描述为文化的不同，文化包含了居住在特定国家或地区的人们的所有传统，包括语言、习俗、传统、道德、信仰以及人际关系。10. The best strategy for a person interested in a career in international business would be

18、to become familiar with the different techniques for intercultural communications. 对国际商务感兴趣的人的最好策略是熟悉不同的国际交流技巧。11. It is essential for the international logistician to understand the responsibilities of that profession and the interactions that this function has with the other operational functions

19、of a firm, such as marketing, finance, and production. 对国际物流工作者来说，弄清楚其职责以及物流跟其他职能（如市场营销、财务和生产）间的关系是至关重要的。12. It should be made clear that the responsibilities of an international logistician are still changing; it is not known whether the profession will eventually include a greater number of activi

20、ties or whether its responsibilities will be curtailed, especially in the light of the creation of Supply China Management. 需要明确的是国际物流经理的职责仍然处于不断变化之中，至于其职责范围最终会得到扩展还是被压缩（特别是在供应链管理大行其道的环境下），仍然是个未解之谜。13. The first international traders were involved in logistics; they calculated how much their ships-o

21、r beasts-could carry, how much food to bring along, and how best to package the goods while in transit, decisions that parallel exactly what a modern logistics manager does. 最早从事国际贸易的商人需要处理物流相关实务，他们需要计算其船只（或牲口）的载运量、需要携带多少食物以及如何有效地包装货物以方便运输，这与现代物流经理的工作并无两样。14. They had to decide which payment method

22、was most appropriate, just as a modern exporter must determine what is the best way of ensuring it will get paid. While many aspects of international logistics have changed, the main concerns of people involved in this field remain similar; they have to ensure that goods manufactured in one part of

23、the world arrive safely to their destination. 他们还要确定最佳的支付方式，正如今天的出口商一样，须选择一种确保货款能收回的方法。尽管国际物流的各方面内容都已发生变化，但业内人士所考虑的问题仍旧非常相似：必须确保货物从生产地安全送达目的地。15. Over the last thirty years, the focus of logistics has evolved substantially: Early on, and probably until the mid-1980s, the main concern of logistics ma

24、nagers and specifically of international logistics managers, was to make sure that the goods arrived at their destination in good condition and at the lowest possible cost. 在过去的30年，物流管理的焦点发生了重大衍变。其中，20世纪80年代中期以前，对物流经理（特别是国际物流经理）而言，核心问题是以尽可能低的成本确保货物安全送达目的地。16. Shorter transit times were considered, b

25、ut generally only when the goods were perishable or because the goods were so urgently needed that the additional costs were justified; for most goods, however, long transit times were essentially considered normal. As time moved on, a transition was made to shorter transit times. 仅在货物易腐或需要加急（且附加费用合

26、理）的情况下，经理们才会考虑缩短运输时间。对大部分货物而言，长周期的运输则司空见惯。不过，随着时间的推移，物流经理关注的焦点逐步转向运输时间的缩短。17. With the advent of containers, shipments began to speed up. Instead of loading and unloading the goods several times, containers were loaded once in the shippers plant and unloaded once at the customers facilities. 集装箱的出现加

27、速了以上流程：它避免了多次搬运，即装箱（货主）和卸箱（目的地）各只需一次。18. The costs of ocean shipping came down: Port labor costs were lower; ships were more productive because they spent less time idling in ports, and some significant investments were made in new container ships that were ever more efficient. 海运成本大幅下降，包括人工和码头时间的减少

28、，以及货轮效益的提高，故行业纷纷投建更加先进的新型集装箱船。19. It is fair to say that customer satisfaction is now the primary concern of logisticians: Not only does the shipment have to be accurate (the right parts, in the right quantity), complete (no back-order parts), and the packaging appropriate so that the goods arrive u

29、ndamaged and ready to be sold, but it must also be delivered within a very specific time frame. 由此可见，客户满意已成为今天物流工作者的工作重心。不但送货要求准确（正确的产品和正确的数量）、完全（不必补送）、包装合理以确保货物不受损坏并能直接出售，并且必须在指定的时间到达。20. Whereas “logistics” was the most commonly accepted term for all of the activities in which they engaged, the te

30、rm was broadened, starting in the mid-1980s, to include additional activities; eventually, the profession was renamed “supply chain management” in the 1990s. Today, the term “logistics” is understood to encompass a number of activities that are a subset of the activities that constitute Supply Chain

31、 Management. 尽管“物流（logistics）”是从行业人员日常工作中最普遍接受的概念，但从20世纪80年代中期开始，该术语的内涵被逐步扩展以覆盖其他诸如市场销售和合作伙伴关系等活动。最终，到20世纪90年代，“物流”最终被“供应链管理（supply chain management）”所取代。现在，“物流”往往被视为构成供应链管理各项活动的一个子集。21. Logistics From this definition, it is clear that logistics managers see that the focus of their profession lies i

32、n those activities that are related to the physical aspects of the movement of goods from supplier to customer. 物流管理从以上定义可看出，物流管理的核心是货物从供应商到客户的实物分拨。22. Logisticians are mostly concerned about the transportation, packaging, warehousing, security, and handling of goods that their firm purchases or sells, and they interact daily with managers who hold other responsibilities closely related to the movement of these goods; manufacturing and production, purchasing and procurement, marketing, inventory management, finance, customer service, and so on. 物流经理们往往