全国卷高三专题改错解题技巧.docx

1、全国卷高三专题改错解题技巧一对一辅导教案学生姓名性别年级高三学科英语授课教师上课时间 年 月 日第（ ）次课共（ ）次课课时：3课时教学课题 高考专项之改错教学目标1. 熟悉改错题目常考查的错误类型；2. 考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语语法和语言知识的能力教学重点与难点 熟悉错误的类型，结合语篇内容进行改正 一、高考真题例析【新课标2015全国卷I高考】短文改错 (共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误, 每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(), 并在

2、其下面写出该加的词。 删除: 把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green

3、. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to

4、protect your environment. If we fail to do so, well live to regret it.【答案详解】When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living thought in a city, but I miss my home incountryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. the and Unfortunately,

5、on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of with studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs serious air we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to

6、Many find protect your environment. If we fail to do so, well live to regret it. our/the 1.【动词时态】第2句根据Iwouldbe中would，结合时态，把think改为thought；2.【冠词用法】第3句根据“我想念的是乡村的老家”这个特指，在countryside前加the；3.【连词用法】第4句根据前后意思，特别是逻辑关系，把or改为and；4.【固定搭配】第5句根据“随着.的发展”这一固定的表达，onthedevelopment中的on改为with；5.【动词用法】第6句根据名词短语“lotso

7、fstudies”与动词shown的关系，把been删除；6.【形容词用法】第6句根据problem的名词词性，结合原则上形容词修饰名词，把seriously改为serious；7.【名词用法】第7句根据airs意思为气氛，而air表空气，结合语意，把airs改为air；8.【副词用法】第8句根据animals为可数名词，结合many修饰可数名词的复数，把much改为many；9.【动词用法】第9句根据情态动词+动词原形整个作为谓语，把found改为find；10.【代词用法】第9句根据语意，尤其主语是we的提示，把your改为our。选题说明1.出处：此篇为2015年高考英语全国卷I短文改错

8、。2.背景：环保是长期以来社会各方面关注的问题，这点也从国家政策层面可以得到证明，比如2015年1月1日起正式实施的，号称“史上最严”的新修订环境保护法。同时，重金属造成的土壤污染、鞍山环境污染等事件在2015年上半年引发了关注。应该说，2015年全国卷I的短文改错应时而动，体现了高考命题的时代性和时事性。命题立意1.考查目标这篇短文改错需要重点关注的内容是IthinkIwould,incountryside,cleanor,onthedevelopment,havebeenshown,averyseriouslyproblem,Theairswebr-eathein,muchrareanim

9、als,wemustfound,protectyourenvironment。动词的用法，题目中有三处，暨think,been及found；形容词和副词的用法，题目中有两处，暨seriously及Much；名词的用法，题目中有一处，暨airs；介词的用法，题目中有一处，暨on；连词的用法，题目中有一处，暨or；代词的用法，题目中有一处，暨your；冠词的用法，题目中有一处，暨incountryside。2.命题手法此篇短文改错旨在考查考生发现、判断、纠正语篇错误的能力，强调考生要有语篇意识，充分检测考生对语篇的观察能力，评价能力及应用能力。错误的设置是针对考生平时书面表达常见错误设计，因此短文

10、改错的难度符合考生水平。3.解题思路三个步骤：通读全文，把握大意；细读全文，仔细斟酌；再读全文，复核审查。二、考法透析1，形容词与副词形式的误用 注意形容词、副词的混用和比较等级的混用。形容词与副词形式的误用【例 l】（2014陕西卷）My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird.解析：将immediate改为immediately。本句中应该使用副词immediately来修饰谓语动词jumped，在句中作状语。【例 2】(2014新课标全国卷I)We are growing wonderfully tomat

11、oes at no cost!解析：将wonderfully改为wonderful。本句中使用形容词wonderful作定语来修饰后面的名词tomatoes。形容词或副词级别的误用 【例 l】（2012 新课标全国卷）I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. 解析：考查副词的用法。little-less。根据文意：我不得不多一些耐心而少一些挑衅性。该处前面提及more patient，所以此处也应该用比较级，此处 less 修饰形容词。 【例 2】(2011 全国高考) If you

12、d like to make a trip to our city some day，I will be better than happy to be your guide 解析：better 改为more。句中表示非常乐意做你的向导，并没有比较关系。more than 表示很高兴。 【例 3】（2013浙江卷）To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie.解析：将bad改为worse。To make matters worse为固定短语，意为“更糟糕的是”，所以需要用bad的比较

13、级。有无 -ly结尾的副词错用【例 l】（2014辽宁卷）That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.解析：将closely改为close。Close应该在系动词are的后面，构成系表结构are close。Closely是一个副词，副词通常不能和系动词连用构成系表结构。【例 2】(2013四川卷)I found the test difficult, but I tried hardly to do it.解析：将hardly改为hard。Hardly意为“几乎不”，而hard本身就有副词的词性，故将hard

14、ly改为hard。 -ed结尾的形容词与 -ing结尾的形容词的错用【例 l】(2013浙江卷)I am awfully tiring, but I know Ill never fall asleep.解析：将tiring改为tired。此处指“我”非常累，不是使人疲倦，所以应该用tired。【例 2】(2012浙江卷)Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.解析：将interested改为interesting。“我给他们讲有趣的故事”，说的是故事有趣，所以用interesting，而i

15、nterested表示“感到有趣的”。方法小结： 要了解基本常识：修饰名词用形容词，修饰动词、形容词、分词及整个句子应该用副词，两者之间比较时用比较级，三者及三者以上比较时应用最高级。2，冠词的误用冠词在短文改错中的考查手法主要有：(一)不定冠词 aan 的混用；可数名词前冠词的漏用；(二)特指名词前误用不定冠词而不用定冠词；(三)固定搭配中冠词的偷梁换柱。【例 l】（2012 陕西卷）It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of mine who is going to Beijing.解析：such gr

16、eat-a 。hotel 是可数名词单数，第一次提到，前需加不定冠词。【例 2】（2012 重庆卷）I still remember when I was child, you always held me in your arms and told me stories till I fell asleep.解析：child 前加不定冠词 a。child 为可数名词，前需加不定冠词。【例 3】(2011 重庆高考)Now，we are planning a small party for the next Sunday解析：next Sunday 表示泛指概念，不用定冠词。去掉定冠词 the

17、。【例 4】(2011 全国新课标)I was going to visit a friend there and after that I would go to Xiamen forlong holiday解析：holiday 为可数名词，表示某一假期用 a long holiday。long 前加 a。【例 5】(2011 浙江高考)It was very nice to get-your invitation to spendweekend with you解析：句中“得到邀请共度周末”说明时间是特定的，因此 weekend 之前要用定冠词 the。【例 6】(2011 陕西高考)He

18、 was right there in the front of me！解析：考查冠词在固定短语中的运用。in the front of 表示在某一空间内部之前。此处表示在“我”前面，因此用 in front of，去掉 the。【例 7】(2011四川高考)His boss wanted to fire him if he didnt start corning on time，so he went to the doctor for a help解析：考查冠词。抽象名词表泛指不加任何冠词。去掉不定冠词 a。方法小结： 要充分利用语境来分析和确定冠词的使用，不能只凭感觉，更不能只局限于一句话

19、甚至一行，结合上下文做题一直是短文改错的一贯宗旨。3，连词的误用 连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等。【例 1】（2012 全国 II）We, as well as animal, cannot live without water and neither agriculture or industry can go without it.解析：考查固定句型 neither . . . nor . . .的用法。ornor 根据前文的 neither 可知将 or 改为 nor。【例 2】（2012 辽宁卷）In the end, we drove to a servic

20、e station and waited there unless the road was clear.解析：unless until 考查连词的用法。这儿后面一句是一个时间状语从句，意思是我们一直等到路通了。【例 3】（2012 四川卷）Whenever I am, I will always love you.解析：Whenever 改为 Wherever。考查连词。根据句意：无论我在哪里，我总是爱你的。【例 4】（2012 全国 II）To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all out to plant trees t

21、hough trees will help save water.解析：thoughbecause/since/as。考查状语从句的连词用法。根据句意：我们应该植树，因为有助于节水。【例 5】(2011 全国高考)Its been a week after we left your family and we are now back home解析：根据句意，我们回家已经一周了。(自从离开你家，我们到家已一周。)因此将 after改为 since。【例 6】(201l 四川高考)His boss wanted to fire him if he didnt start coming on ti

22、me，but he went to the doctor for help解析：考查连词。前后句是顺接关系，而非转折关系，but 改为 so。【例 7】(2011 重庆高考)were both surprised that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different解析：这里表并列关系，没有选择意味，因此将 or 改为 and。方法小结 ： 要结合句法知识，同时结合上下文来分析并列分句或主从句之间的关系，从而确定连词。4，代词的误用代词在短文改错中的考查手法主要有：(一)人称代词的混用；(二)人称代词所属格错误以及关系代词误用。【例

23、l】（2012 全国 II）Im writing to tell you opinion about water saving.解析：考查缺词的填补。opinion 前加 my 根据句意前后的代词指代要一致，前文主语是 I，所以后半句表达的意见就应该是我的意见。【例 2】（2012 全国 I）Other way is to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home.解析：OtherAnother。考查代词的用法。文章中只讲了两种方法，所以另一种用 another。【例 3】（2012 辽宁卷）They finally droppe

24、d Gina off at her parents and made our own way home.解析：theywe 考查代词的误用。叙述的是我们做的事，所以用 we。【例 4】（2012 四川卷）Im sorry that I am abroad and cant send your flowers, so Im writing to you.解析：your 改为 you。考查代词。此处动词 send 接双宾语，应使用宾格形式，构成短语 send sb. sth.。【例 5】（2012 全国新课标）I was happy when the toys worked, but when t

25、hings went wrong, I got angry and broke it.解析：考查代词指代一致。itthem。此处前文指 toys，所以后用 them。【例 6】（2012 全国新课标）For a while parents bought me new toys. But before long they began to see what was happening.解析：考查代词的用法。在 parents 前加 my parents bought me new toys.此处 my 和 me 对应。英语中需前后一致，my 。【例 7】(2011 重庆高考)with the h

26、elp of Katia，a roommate of me，Ive soon got used to living without my parents around解析：me 为宾格，这里表示“我的朋友”要用 mine。me 改为 mine。【例 8】(2011 全国新课标)When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me lots of clothes解析：根据句意，我到达的是朋友的“家”，因此要用名词所属格 friends。friend 改为friends【例 9】(2011 四川高考)The doctor gave him some m

27、edicine and told him to take them before he went to bed解析：考查名词。medicine 是不可数的，要用 it 代替。them 改为 it。【例 10】(2011 全国高考)Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals解析：词句逻辑错误。展示的对象为“我们”，them 改为 us。方法小结： 重点注意人称代词的格是否被误用，代词前后是否指代一致，定语从句关系词使用是否正确。5，名词的误用单复数名

28、词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。【例 l】(2012 全国高考卷)Water is important. We, as well as animal, cannot live without water.解析:animal-animals 考查名词的单复数错误。我们还有动物们没有水就无法活。根据句意用复数形式。【例 2】（2012 年全国卷）Every one of us can make a great efforts to cut down the use of energy in our country.解析:efforts-effor

29、t 考查名词的单复数。解题关键：掌握短语 make a great effort to do sth意为：尽力做某事；【例 3】（2012 全国新课标）From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy.解析:toy-toys。考查名词的单复数形式。根据 each of 可知，应该是我的玩具中的每一个，故用复数形式 toys。【例 4】（2012 陕西卷）Mom, I know I have never expressed my thank to you before.解析:thank

30、 改为 thanks。考查名词单复数。“表达感谢”应为：express ones thanks。【例 5】（2012 重庆卷）You told me the name of different plants and their characteristies.解析:namenames。考查名词的单复数形式。由 and 可知连接两个名词的复数形式。【例 6】(2011 全国高考)My brother was so much fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of day. 解

31、析：day 为可数名词，被 couple of 修饰时要用复数形式。day 改为 days。【例 7】(2011 四川高考)Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning and was always late with work解析：考查名词。trouble 作抽象名词“麻烦”讲时不可数，没有复数。troubles 改为 trouble。【例 8】(201l重庆高考)Although her English is a little hard to understand，we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own family.解析：family 是集合名词，表示家庭中的成员时要用其复数形式 families。family 改为 families。方法小结：(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系。6,动词的误用主要看文章的整体时态是否一致。【例 1】（2012 全国新课标）When