初中英语知识点总结谓语动词和主语的一致.docx

1、初中英语知识点总结谓语动词和主语的一致初中英语知识点总结：谓语动词和主语的一致谓语动词和主语的一致有些谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，特别是动词为现在时态时。在一般现在时中，若主语为第三人称单数，多数动词都要加-s或-es，如：He comes.Mary cries。如果主语不是第三人称单数，就不需加这样的词尾，如：I come.They cry.而且，不管是作主要动词还是助动词，在第三人称单数的主语后都得用is，has，does这种形式，否则用are，am，have或do。至于can，may，must这些助动词，在各种人称后形式不变：He(or She，It，My friend)co

2、mes(or sees，goes).He(or She，It，My friend)is waiting，has come，does go，(is，has，does作助动词) is kind，has a funny face，doesnothing at all.(is，has，does作主要动词)I(or we，You，They，My friends)come(or see，go).I am waiting，have come，do go.We(or You，They，Myfriends)are waiting，have come，do go.(am，are，have，do作助动词)I am

3、sorry.They are kind，have funny faces，do nothingat all.(am，are，have，do作主要动词)任何主语+must(or can，may，ought to，need not，darenot)come(or see，go).过去时可和住何主语一起用，只有was和were是例外。was和第一第三人称单数主语一起用，其他主语都和were一起用，如：He was ill.I was ill.They were ill.在将来时中主要是用shall或will，不需加词尾，如：They(or John and Mary) will come，shall

4、 come.He(or It) will come，shall come.判断主语的人称不难，但判断它的数有时却并不容易。至少有39种有关数上一致的问题，它们可以分为两大类。第一大类是哪个是主语的问题。在这类中，决定哪个词或词组是主语比决定某个主语是单数还是复数更困难。以下面句子为例：The students，as well as the teacher，are(or is?)in the class-room.(在决定用are还是is以前，首先得决定students和teacher哪是主语，还是两者都是主语。)My guide is(or are?) the stars.(是guide还是s

5、tars是真正的主语?)第二大类是主语是单数还是复数的问题。在这类中，决定主语是单数还是复数比决定哪个是主语更困难：Billiards(单数还是复数?) is(or are?)my favorite game.The phenomena(单数还是复数?) is(or are?) unbelievable.The headquarters(单数还是复数?) is(or are?)in London.1)第一大类：哪个是主语?谓语动词通常跟在主语后面，但有时却放在主语前面，特别是在由who，which，how，when等疑问词或助动词引起的问句中：Who are they?Which does s

6、he like best?Has your wife come back from Paris?Are the guests celebrating her birthday?在某些倒装句中，谓语动词有时放在主语前面：If you are not satisfied，nor is Peter.Never in my life have I forgot her.Nobody else can I love.Hardly has Liz woken up when the sun rises.“I feel bored.”“So is evrybody.”在下面这类倒装句中情况也如此。There

7、 come many children.Before the house stands a tree.Before the house stand a tree and a bench(two things).In the house there is a cat，(there is)a dog，and(thereare)three birds.(后面的there is，there are多省略，在acat前用is是对的。)To Dick fall the duties of maintaining the family.After Jan comes Nora.Heres all the c

8、oins I have.(在口语中heres和theres和wheres后可跟一复数名词)Theres three friends waiting for me.Wheres the kids that stole the apples?在下面这类句子中，补语或分词提前，主语在is，was，are，were之后：Gone are all my happy days!Waiting for the results are thousands of people.Gathered under the roof were all the big shots.两个单数名词由and连接可构成复数主语：J

9、ohn and Mary(=Two persons)are coming.(但：John is coming and Mary is coming，too.)My money and my friend are both gone.Good coffee and bad are different from each other.两个人称代词由and连接也构成复数主语：He and I (=We)are friends.Both you and he(=Both of you)are ill.由every，any等词修饰的几个主语，尽管由and连接，仍然保持是单数：Every boy and

10、every girl is playing.Any relative，any friend and any neighbour is ready to helphim.Each grown-up and each child likes it.No city，no village，no mountain，(and) no sea is a place ofsafety.Many a man and many a woman has seen the accident.两个名词前各加同一限定词，表示是两个人或两样东西，谓语动词要用复数：A general and a statesman(two

11、persons)were killed.His home and his office are very far from my home.A black and a white dog are playing in the yard.一个不可数名词，如有两个形容词修饰，而指两样东西，动词用复数;否则用单数：English and French grammar are different.Sweet and sour pork is delicious.如果主体词重复，表示是两样东西，动词要用单数：The situation before the war and the situation a

12、fter are differ-ent.What he said and what he thought were the same.如作主语的两个名词用同一限定词，指的是一个人或一样东西，动词要用单数：A general and statesman(one person)was killed.His home and office(one place)is very far from my house.A black and white dog(one dog) is playing.What he said and thought was for others.有时两个名词虽由and连接，

13、但习惯上被看作是一样东西，这时动词也用单数：Bread and butter is enough for me.Whisky and soda is his favourite.Duck and peas is delicious，but eggs and bacon is better.That cup and saucer is broken.The wheel and axle is out of repair.A needle and thread is all my grandmother needs.Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy.两个抽象名词一起用时，

14、有时代表两个东西，有时代表一个东西，动词的单复数要根据意思来决定，有时两者都可以(看我们如何考虑)：The use and object of this are(or is)simple.The stitching and binding of books are(or is)a hard job.His courage and endurance are(or is)Great.Sym pathy and understanding are(or is)required.Trial and error(通常看作一个概念)is the best way tolearn.All work and

15、 no play makes Jack a dull boy.The ebb and flow of ones fortune is a matter of course.有时一个主语后跟一逗号，以及“and+名词+副词”，后面的动词就常和第一个名词一致。“and+名词+副词”可以看作一个省略的分句：Mary，and her parents too(or also，likewise，as well)，isfond of John.(=Mary is fond of John，and her parents arefond of John，too.)Mary，and perhaps(or par

16、ticularly，even，certainly)herparents，is fond of John.(and+副词+名词)Mary，but not her parents，is fond of John.Marys parents，but not Mary herself，are fond of John.(在跟有not时，可以用but代替and。)单纯数词一般看作单数，如果有两个数词由and或time或其它词连接，动词可以用单数或复数形式：Thirteen is an unlucky number.Two and two make(or makes)four.Eight plus fiv

17、e equals thirteen.(书面体)Three fives are(or is)fifteen.(口语体)Three times five are(or is)fifteen.What are(or is)twice seven?40 multiplied by 58 equals 2320.(书面体)Five from nine(or Nine take away five)is(or leaves)four.(口语体)Six hundred and one minus forty equals five hundred and six-ty-one.(书面体)Three into

18、 twelve goes four.(口语体)Two hundred fifty divided by fifty equals five.(书面体)如果数词表示复数的人或东西，动词也用复数形式：Five(=Five Persons)were killed.One and a half为复数，而half a为单数：One and a half dollars were spent on sugar，and half a dollarwas Spent on flour.A fine and/or imprisonment is(or are)not enough.如果两个主语由or或nor连接

19、，动词与最靠近的主语一致：Either you or I am right.Neither Alice nor her parents like Mike.One or two words are enough.(但是A word or two is e-nough.)There is one or two examples.Wang or rather his brothers decide the matter.但：Life or(=and)death are nothing to me.Whether John or Mary are willing to help me is stil

20、l a problem.两个主语若由not onlybut also连接起来，动词和最近的主语一致：Not only my house，but many other houses have been white-washed.(但最好说：Not only my house has been whitewashed，butmany other houses，too.)Not only Marys parents，but also Mary herself likes Mike.There is not only Mary，but also Marys parents.如果主语后跟有介词短语、连词

21、短语或是分词短语，动词仍与主语一致，不受中间插入成分的影响(注意主语后及短语后的逗号)：Two girls，besides(介词)Mary，are studying Malay.All my sisters，except Lilian，study flower-arranging.The street，with so many people going up and down，is dirty.Lee，together with(介词短语)his three brothers，has cometo our party.The horses，along with their owner，fall

22、 into the river.This problem，in addition to the other two，make me sad.You，as well as(连词短语)he，are mistaken.The students，much more than the teacher，wish for a holi-day.The teacher，as much as the students，wishes for a holiday.Wangs friends，no less than Wang himself，wish for his suc-cess.One apple，divid

23、ed(分词短语)by six children，is a thingunpleasant.The manager，accompanied by his assistants，has gone out.My schoolmates，including John，are kind to me.All the members，not excepting the chairman，are arrived.上面那种插在主语和谓语动词之间的成分，也可移到句首，意思是差不多的：Besides Mary，three students are studying Malay.In addition to the

24、other two，this problem makes me sad.No less than Wang himself，Wangs friends wish for his suc-cess.Accompanied by his assistants，the manager has gone out.主语后面有时跟有of或其他介词时，动词仍和主语一致：One of the boys is sick.The meeting of so many strangers broadens his view.A cleanup of such a government is absolutely n

25、ecessary.The loss of his parents was too much for him.A truckload of oranges costs about a thousand dollars.Two spoons of sugar are just enough.Two bottles of whisky are nothing to him.Only five bags of rice are in stock.Six cases of cholera are reported.Signs of revolt are increasing every day.This

26、 kind(or sort，type，class，species，breed，variety)ofcat is rare.These kinds(or sorts，)of flowers are rare.(口语体)Flowers of this kind(or sort，) are rare.(书面体)One of the students，who speaks lrish，is her son.One of the students who speak lrish is her son.More children than one are infected.Nobody but five

27、workers is promoted.Such people as John are wonderful.The number of banks in this city is about forty.(但：A num-ber of banks are closed down.动词和这类数词短语后的名词一致)The average of absentees is four in each meeting.(但：Anaverage of four persons are absent in each meeting.)The total of murders in this year is o

28、ver two hundred.(但：A total of two hundred murders are committed this year.)后面跟复数动词的短语有：a majority of people，a variety ofreasons，a rain of bullets，a storm of stones，a flood of re-sources，a sea of faces，a trickle of tourists，a mountain ofwatermelons等等。系动词一般都和前面的主语一致，而不受后面补语的影响：My only pleasure is the

29、movies.The movies are my only pleasure.Those stars are my only guide.My only guide is those stars.His food is fruit and milk.Fruit and milk are his food.Dogs are a pleasant trouble.We are a football team.主语后的同位语和补语一样都不影响动词的形式：The movies，my only pleasure，are also my ruin.Those stars，my only guide，are twinkling all the night.His food，fruit and milk is delicious and nutritious.They become master(or mistress)of the situation(or the Eng-lish language).Many fall victim.They seem to be our enemy.They a