高考英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists单元检测新人教版必修5.docx

1、高考英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists单元检测新人教版必修5Unit1 Great scientists单元检测卷第一部分 听力（满分30分）（略）第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A Here are our suggestions for keeping busy this week. Dive in!Take to the waves in SouthamptonAlways fancied trying your hand at sailing? No

2、ws your chance. The Southampton Boat Show has plenty of opportunities for visitors to get out on the water to experience boat sailing, power boating or taking a ride on a RIB all for free.Discover an island on the ThamesTo celebrate Totally Thames, a month-long festival is held at various locations

3、across London. Weve discovered 21 of the rivers most fascinating islands all of them with interesting stories to tell. Make the most of it with our map here.Catch great films in BristolOver six days, Encounters Film Festival screens up to 400 films from over 60 different countries. The Bristol festi

4、val provides a platform for international filmmakers, and offers a gateway to the likes of the BAFTAs, Oscars and European Film Awards. See here for full details.Get scientific in LondonExperience the latest, best and most challenging science covering all areas of our lives and universe at New Scien

5、tist Live at ExCel London. New Scientist Live is a four-day festival full of ideas and discoveries from the team behind the worlds most popular science weekly magazine, featuring four zones Brain & Body, Technology, Earth and Universe as well as talks from experts and over 200 exhibitors.1.Which is

6、the most suitable for sailing lovers?A. Take to the waves in Southampton.B. Discover an island on the Thames.C. Catch great films in Bristol.D. Get scientific in London.2.What is New Scientist Live?A.A science weekly magazine.B.A festival to celebrate great scientists.C. An exhibition to show scient

7、ific discoveries.D.A festival where ideas and discoveries are shared.3.Where can you find the text?A. On a noticeboard. B. On a website.C. In a newspaper. D. In a book review.B What a Scientist Is LikeIf you were asked to imagine a scientist, what image (形象)would come to your mind? The common idea t

8、hat most kids from kindergarten through college have of a scientist is a man wearing a white lab coat with messy hair, big glasses, and several glass cups of mysterious colorful liquids giving off clouds of smoke. As for adults, the majority view scientists as strange people who spend 100 hours a we

9、ek slaving away in a lonely laboratory. However, the reality is quite different.Recently Ive had a chance to take part in a scientific experience far from my laboratory and into Costa Rica. It supports a huge amount of wildlife due to its geographical placement between North and South America. It is

10、 home to more than 500,000 species (物种)，which represents nearly 4% of the total species worldwide!First we worked alongside conservationists to preserve wildlife at a leatherback turtle (棱皮龟)rescue center. We helped the volunteers preserve turtle populations by removing rubbish from the shoreline to

11、 create a safe environment for turtle eggs to come out. After that we stayed at Mount Arenal where we studied seismic activity relating to earthquakes. During our stay at Arenal, we rode over the mountainous areas and took a long walk through the rainforest. After reaching the top, we went down and

12、through waterfalls to the beautiful valley below! On the last day we got a hands-on introduction to rocket science where we learned about new rocket technology that will be used on the international space station.During my Costa Rica experience, I know that being a scientist doesnt mean working in a

13、 lab all day and night. A scientist is one who loves learning and getting a better understanding of the world from helping preserve wild-life, learning about earthquakes or inventing rockets. I think that schools should really stress that science is so much more than wearing a lab coat and mixing ch

14、emicals. Kids need to be aware of the excitement and adventures science can bring!4.According to the first paragraph, scientists are often believed_.A.to work as slaves B.to behave in a strange wayC.to spend too much time in labs D.to do experiments in messy labs5.The author helped to preserve the t

15、urtle population by_.A. creating a safe nest for turtlesB. picking up rubbish on the shorelineC. collecting the turtle eggs on the beachD. finding a comfortable environment for turtles6.What does the author learn about science from his experience?A. Science is full of boring experiments.B. Science i

16、s more than working in a lab.C. Science is related to mysterious liquids.D. Science is about wildlife and earthquakes.7.Why does the author write this passage?A. To encourage kids to study science.B. To tell the story of traveling in Costa Rica.C. To expect more people to travel in Costa Rica.D. To

17、share the secrets behind science phenomena.C For most caffeine(咖啡因)consumers, its chief benefit is that it helps you get more done. This is what makes it unusual, says Stephen Braun, author ofBuzz:TheScience andLoreofAlcoholandCaffeine.Its appeal is that it helps us earn more money, he adds. What ma

18、kes it different from other drugs is that its used as a productivity tool not for pleasure.Many of historys creative minds have also been associated with a large amount of caffeine consumption.According to one biographer, the French novelist and playwright Balzac drank as many as 50 cups of coffee a

19、 day. Were it not for coffee one could not write, which is to say one could not live,he once insisted.For seven years, the film-maker David Lynch ate at the same Los Angeles diner every day, drinking up to seven sweetened cups of coffee with lots of sugar in one sitting, which he said would guarante

20、e thatlots of ideasarrived.Ludwig van Beethoven was said to have painstakingly counted out exactly 60 coffee beans per cup when he brewed(煮)coffee.Perhaps recent tales of caffeine excess featured the singer Robbie Williams, whoreportedlyconsumed 36 cups of black coffee and 20 cans of Red Bull a day.

21、It is the routine task itself, as much as the stimulating(刺激的)effects of caffeine, that makes the process so important, says Mason Currey, author ofDailyRituals:How ArtistsWork. A lot of artists use the process of making coffee as a gateway to the creative process, he adds. You need to get into the

22、right mindset to do that sort of work, and the preparation process provides a focus.One problem with attempting to control caffeine, says Braun, is that it affects everyone differently it is impossible to work out a safe limit that works for everyone. Eventually, you have to become your own scientis

23、t there isnt an alternative to careful self-experimentation, he says.8.Stephen Braun mainly stresses caffeines _.A. creating ideas B. improving work efficiencyC. helping people to relax D. stimulating people9.The examples of some famous people are given to show that _.A. most artists like drinking c

24、offeeB. drinking coffee helps artists make more moneyC. theres a link between drinking coffee and creating ideasD. drinking coffee makes artists become more successful10.What leads to the artists creative process according to Mason Currey?A. Getting a good mindset. B. Drinking the coffee.C. Being lo

25、st in thought. D. Brewing the coffee.11.What does Braun advise us to do in the end?A. To drink less coffee.B. Never to take more coffee than you need.C. Never to limit caffeine use.D. To work out a safe level of caffeine use.D Death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Moder

26、n scientists divide the process of dying into two phases clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be revived(复活). Biological death

27、 occurs when changes in the organism lead to the breaking up of vital cells and tissues. Death is then unchangeable and final.Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so

28、far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep. By slowing down the bodys metabolism(新陈代谢), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Ket

29、a to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery. The monkeys blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical

30、 death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes Ketas heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes,

31、 spontaneous(自发的)breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.12.For a

32、 person who suffers from the clinical death, _.A. his most important organs are damagedB. he still has the possibility of getting back to lifeC. he can not avoid final deathD. he is still very much alive13.Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to _.A. slow down the bodys metabolismB. bring vital cells and tissues back to active lifeC. cool