高考英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists单元检测新人教版必修5.docx

高考英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists单元检测新人教版必修5.docx

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高考英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists单元检测新人教版必修5

Unit1Greatscientists

单元检测卷

第一部分听力（满分30分）（略）

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Hereareoursuggestionsforkeepingbusythisweek.Divein!

TaketothewavesinSouthampton

Alwaysfanciedtryingyourhandatsailing?

Now’syourchance.TheSouthamptonBoatShowhasplentyofopportunitiesforvisitorstogetoutonthewatertoexperienceboatsailing,powerboatingortakingarideonaRIB―allforfree.

DiscoveranislandontheThames

TocelebrateTotallyThames,amonth-longfestivalisheldatvariouslocationsacrossLondon.We’vediscovered21oftheriver’smostfascinatingislands―allofthemwithinterestingstoriestotell.Makethemostofitwithourmaphere.

CatchgreatfilmsinBristol

Oversixdays,EncountersFilmFestivalscreensupto400filmsfromover60differentcountries.TheBristolfestivalprovidesaplatformforinternationalfilmmakers,andoffersagatewaytothelikesoftheBAFTAs,OscarsandEuropeanFilmAwards.Seehereforfulldetails.

GetscientificinLondon

Experiencethelatest,bestandmostchallengingsciencecoveringallareasofourlivesanduniverseatNewScientistLiveatExCelLondon.NewScientistLiveisafour-dayfestivalfullofideasanddiscoveriesfromtheteambehindtheworld’smostpopularscienceweeklymagazine,featuringfourzones―Brain&Body,Technology,EarthandUniverse―aswellastalksfromexpertsandover200exhibitors.

1.Whichisthemostsuitableforsailinglovers?

A.TaketothewavesinSouthampton.

B.DiscoveranislandontheThames.

C.CatchgreatfilmsinBristol.

D.GetscientificinLondon.

2.WhatisNewScientistLive?

A.Ascienceweeklymagazine.

B.Afestivaltocelebrategreatscientists.

C.Anexhibitiontoshowscientificdiscoveries.

D.Afestivalwhereideasanddiscoveriesareshared.

3.Wherecanyoufindthetext?

A.Onanoticeboard.B.Onawebsite.

C.Inanewspaper.D.Inabookreview.

B

WhataScientistIsLike

Ifyouwereaskedtoimagineascientist,whatimage（形象）wouldcometoyourmind?

Thecommonideathatmostkidsfromkindergartenthroughcollegehaveofascientistisamanwearingawhitelabcoatwithmessyhair,bigglasses,andseveralglasscupsofmysteriouscolorfulliquidsgivingoffcloudsofsmoke.Asforadults,themajorityviewscientistsasstrangepeoplewhospend100hoursaweekslavingawayinalonelylaboratory.However,therealityisquitedifferent.

RecentlyI’vehadachancetotakepartinascientificexperiencefarfrommylaboratoryandintoCostaRica.ItsupportsahugeamountofwildlifeduetoitsgeographicalplacementbetweenNorthandSouthAmerica.Itishometomorethan500,000species（物种），whichrepresentsnearly4%ofthetotalspeciesworldwide!

Firstweworkedalongsideconservationiststopreservewildlifeataleatherbackturtle（棱皮龟）rescuecenter.Wehelpedthevolunteerspreserveturtlepopulationsbyremovingrubbishfromtheshorelinetocreateasafeenvironmentforturtleeggstocomeout.AfterthatwestayedatMountArenalwherewestudiedseismicactivityrelatingtoearthquakes.DuringourstayatArenal,werodeoverthemountainousareasandtookalongwalkthroughtherainforest.Afterreachingthetop,wewentdownandthroughwaterfallstothebeautifulvalleybelow!

Onthelastdaywegotahands-onintroductiontorocketsciencewherewelearnedaboutnewrockettechnologythatwillbeusedontheinternationalspacestation.

DuringmyCostaRicaexperience,Iknowthatbeingascientistdoesn’tmeanworkinginalaballdayandnight.Ascientistisonewholoveslearningandgettingabetterunderstandingoftheworldfromhelpingpreservewild-life,learningaboutearthquakesorinventingrockets.Ithinkthatschoolsshouldreallystressthatscienceissomuchmorethanwearingalabcoatandmixingchemicals.Kidsneedtobeawareoftheexcitementandadventuressciencecanbring!

4.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,scientistsareoftenbelieved   ______  .

A.toworkasslavesB.tobehaveinastrangeway

C.tospendtoomuchtimeinlabsD.todoexperimentsinmessylabs

5.Theauthorhelpedtopreservetheturtlepopulationby  ________.

A.creatingasafenestforturtles

B.pickinguprubbishontheshoreline

C.collectingtheturtleeggsonthebeach

D.findingacomfortableenvironmentforturtles

6.Whatdoestheauthorlearnaboutsciencefromhisexperience?

A.Scienceisfullofboringexperiments.

B.Scienceismorethanworkinginalab.

C.Scienceisrelatedtomysteriousliquids.

D.Scienceisaboutwildlifeandearthquakes.

7.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?

A.Toencouragekidstostudyscience.

B.TotellthestoryoftravelinginCostaRica.

C.ToexpectmorepeopletotravelinCostaRica.

D.Tosharethesecretsbehindsciencephenomena.

C

Formostcaffeine（咖啡因）consumers,itschiefbenefitisthatithelpsyougetmoredone.Thisiswhatmakesitunusual,saysStephenBraun,authorof Buzz:

 The Scienceand Lore of Alcohol and Caffeine.

＂Itsappealisthatithelpsusearnmoremoney,＂headds.＂Whatmakesitdifferentfromotherdrugsisthatit’susedasaproductivitytool––notforpleasure.＂

Manyofhistory’screativemindshavealsobeenassociatedwithalargeamountofcaffeineconsumption.

Accordingtoonebiographer,theFrenchnovelistandplaywrightBalzacdrankasmanyas50cupsofcoffeeaday.＂Wereitnotforcoffeeonecouldnotwrite,whichistosayonecouldnotlive,＂ heonceinsisted.

Forsevenyears,thefilm-makerDavidLynchateatthesameLosAngelesdinereveryday,drinkinguptosevensweetenedcupsofcoffee＂withlotsofsugar＂inonesitting,whichhesaidwouldguaranteethat ＂lotsofideas＂ arrived.

LudwigvanBeethovenwassaidtohavepainstakinglycountedoutexactly60coffeebeanspercupwhenhebrewed（煮）coffee.

PerhapsrecenttalesofcaffeineexcessfeaturedthesingerRobbieWilliams,who reportedly consumed36cupsofblackcoffeeand20cansofRedBulladay.

Itistheroutinetaskitself,asmuchasthestimulating（刺激的）effectsofcaffeine,thatmakestheprocesssoimportant,saysMasonCurrey,authorof Daily Rituals:

 HowArtists Work.＂Alotofartistsusetheprocessofmakingcoffeeasagatewaytothecreativeprocess,＂headds.＂Youneedtogetintotherightmindsettodothatsortofwork,andthepreparationprocessprovidesafocus.＂

Oneproblemwithattemptingtocontrolcaffeine,saysBraun,isthatitaffectseveryonedifferently––itisimpossibletoworkouta＂safe＂limitthatworksforeveryone.＂Eventually,youhavetobecomeyourownscientist––thereisn’tanalternativetocarefulself-experimentation,＂hesays.

8.StephenBraunmainlystressescaffeine’s_______.

A.creatingideasB.improvingworkefficiency

C.helpingpeopletorelaxD.stimulatingpeople

9.Theexamplesofsomefamouspeoplearegiventoshowthat_______.

A.mostartistslikedrinkingcoffee

B.drinkingcoffeehelpsartistsmakemoremoney

C.there’salinkbetweendrinkingcoffeeandcreatingideas

D.drinkingcoffeemakesartistsbecomemoresuccessful

10.Whatleadstotheartists’creativeprocessaccordingtoMasonCurrey?

A.Gettingagoodmindset.B.Drinkingthecoffee.

C.Beinglostinthought.D.Brewingthecoffee.

11.WhatdoesBraunadviseustodointheend?

A.Todrinklesscoffee.

B.Nevertotakemorecoffeethanyouneed.

C.Nevertolimitcaffeineuse.

D.Toworkoutasafelevelofcaffeineuse.

D

Deathisnatural,butdoyouhaveanyideaoftheprocessofdying?

Modernscientistsdividetheprocessofdyingintotwophases—clinicalortemporarydeathandbiologicaldeath.Clinicaldeathoccurswhenthevitalorgans,suchastheheartorlungs,haveceasedtofunction,buthavenotsufferedpermanentdamage.Theorganismcanstillberevived（复活）.Biologicaldeathoccurswhenchangesintheorganismleadtothe＂breakingup＂ofvitalcellsandtissues.Deathisthenunchangeableandfinal.

Scientistshavebeenseekingawaytoprolongtheperiodofclinicaldeathsothattheorganismcanremainalivebeforebiologicaldeathoccurs.Thebestmethoddevelopedsofarinvolvescoolingoftheorganism,combinedwithnarcoticsleep.Byslowingdownthebody’smetabolism（新陈代谢）,coolingdelaystheprocessesleadingtobiologicaldeath.

Toillustratehowthisworks,scientistsperformedanexperimentonasix-year-oldfemalemonkeycalledKeta.ThescientistputKetatosleepwithanarcotic.Thentheysurroundedherbodywithice-bagsandbegancheckingherbodytemperature.Whenithaddroppedto28degreesthescientistsbegandrainingbloodfromanartery.Themonkey’sbloodpressuredecreasedandanhourlaterboththeheartandbreathingstopped:

clinicaldeathsetin.FortwentyminutesKetaremainedinthisstate.Hertemperaturedroppedto22degrees.Atthispointthescientistspumpedbloodintoanarteryinthedirectionoftheheartandstartedartificialbreathing.AftertwominutesKeta’sheartbecameactiveoncemore.Afterfifteenminutes,spontaneous（自发的）breathingbegan,andafterfourhoursKetaopenedhereyesandliftedherhead.Aftersixhours,whenthescientiststriedtogiveherapenicillininjection,Ketaseizedthesyringeandranwithitaroundtheroom.Herbehaviordifferedlittlefromthatofahealthyanimal.

12.Forapersonwhosuffersfromtheclinicaldeath,_________.

A.hismostimportantorgansaredamaged

B.hestillhasthepossibilityofgettingbacktolife

C.hecannotavoidfinaldeath

D.heisstillverymuchalive

13.Scientiststrytomakethetimeofclinicaldeathlongerinorderto__________.

A.slowdownthebody’smetabolism

B.bringvitalcellsandtissuesbacktoactivelife

C.cool