精编文档学年高中英语Unit2BeingaGoodLanguageLearnerPeriodThreeGrammardocx.docx

1、精编文档学年高中英语Unit2BeingaGoodLanguageLearnerPeriodThreeGrammardocxPeriod Three Grammar & Writing语法精析如果按照句子的结构分类，英文句子可分为三个类别：简单句(SimpleSentence)、并列句(CompoundSentence)和复合句(ComplexSentence)。这里所说的结构，主要是指句子中主语和谓语之间所构成的关系。一、简单句(SimpleSentence)简单句只有一个主谓关系。句子可能有两个或更多的主语，也可能有两个或更多的谓语，但是句子中的主谓关系只有一个。简单句还可以有定语、状语等

2、句子成分。例如：Hollywoodisthemostfamousfilmmakingcenterintheworld.好莱坞是世界上最著名的电影制作中心。Hesanganddanced.他既唱歌又跳舞。二、并列句(CompoundSentence)并列句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。这些主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的。从语法上讲，所谓“并列”、“对等”是指任何一个主谓结构都能独立地表达意思，谁也不从属于谁。尽管如此，这些主谓结构在意思或逻辑上有一定程度的内在联系。否则，它们就可能被分别写成简单句，而没有必要写在一起构成并列句了。在并列句中，要使两个或几个主谓结构(或者说，分句)连接在一起，就

3、要用并列连词。并列连词用来连接平行对等(即互不从属)的分句。按其表示的不同意思有下面几种：1表示转折意思：but，yet，however，nevertheless。例如：Everythingintheworldisoutsideyoubuthealthbelongstoyourself.一切都是身外之物，只有健康属于自己。HehaslearnedEnglishforonlyoneyear，yethecancommunicatewithpeopleinEnglish.他才学一年英文，但已能用它与人交流了。Johnhashisshortcomings；however，thatdoesntmeanh

4、eisnotqualifiedforthejob.约翰有缺点，但这不等于说他不胜任这份工作。2表示因果关系：for，so，therefore，hence。例如：Youdbettertakeanumbrellawithyou，foritsgoingtorain.要下雨了，你最好带把伞。Youareintheright，thereforeweshouldsupportyou.你是对的，所以我们该支持你。Thetownwasbuiltonthesideofahill，henceitsnamedHillside.这个小镇建在山旁，所以叫“山旁”。3表示并列关系and，neither.nor.，noto

5、nly.but(also)，both.and.，aswellas。例如：Shecametomyhouseyesterdayevening，andIwenttohers.昨晚她来我家了，我却去她家了。Hedoesntknowyouraddress，neither/nordoI.他不知道你的地址，我也不知道。4表示选择关系：or，either.or.。例如：Doitthiswayoryoullbeintrouble.你就这么办，不然你会有麻烦的。Eitheryoutellhimthetruth，orIdoit.不是你告诉他事实，就是我来告诉。三、复合句(ComplexSentence)复合句明显地

6、不同于简单句，因为它有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。从表面上看，它与并列句相似。其实不然，后者的几个主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的；而复合句中的主谓结构只有一个是主要的，其他的主谓结构都从属于那个主要的主谓结构。那个主要的主谓结构称作句子的主句(MainClause)；其他的主谓结构称作句子的从句或子句(SubordinateClause)。复合句里的从句种类较多，引起不同的从句要用不同的从属连词。关于从属连词的具体使用将在“从句”的有关章节里再作介绍。另外，这里所说的“从属”关系，是指从句只有和主句在一起才能有意义；从句若从主句那里独立出来就无法表达意义了。请看下列句子：Becausethe

7、ytalkathomewhilethetelevisionison，manypeoplethinktheycantalkatmoviesaswell.(状语从句)许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话，所以他们认为在电影院也可以如此。Whetherhecomesornotdoesntmakeanydifferencetome.(主语从句)他来与不来对我都一样。Thereisdisagreementamongeconomistsaboutwhatmoneyisandhowmoneyismeasured.(宾语从句)什么是货币以及怎样计量货币经济学家之间存有分歧。Chinaisnotwhatitusedto

8、be.(表语从句)中国不是它过去的样子了。Isthereanyproofthatthefoodofplantdiffersfromthatofanimals？(同位语从句)有没有什么证据说明植物性食品不同于动物性食品？Shewasnotonthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow.(定语从句)她不在刚刚到达的火车上。即时跟踪1用合适的并列连词合并句子(1)Hereyeswerefilledwithtears.Hedidntnoticeit.Hereyeswerefilledwithtears，buthedidntnoticeit.(2)Pleasestartearly.Youca

9、ngetthereintime.Startearly，andyoucangetthereintime.(3)Shesingswell.Shedancesbeautifully.Notonlydoesshesingwell，butalsoshedancesbeautifully.(4)Youdontlikeit.Yoursisterdoesntlikeit.Neitheryounoryoursisterlikesit.(5)Itismorning.Thebirdsaresinginginthetrees.Itismorning，forthebirdsaresinginginthetrees.2完

10、成句子(1)Useyourhead，andyouwillfindaway(你就会想出办法来)(2)Ivegotameetingtoattend，soIhavetogo (因此我得走了) now.(3)Heknowssomepeoplewholikeswimming(喜欢游泳)(4)Assoonashegottotheschool(他一到学校)，hebegantostudy.(5)ThisiswhatIthink(我的想法)，andIshallbegladtobecorrectedifIamwrong.高考链接.单句改错(每小题仅有一处错误)1Theretheairiscleanorthemou

11、ntainsaregreen.(2015全国，短文改错)orand2Infact，Idontliketogoanymore，soImafraidIlllosetheirfriendship.(2015四川，短文改错)sobut3Apassengerrealizedhecouldntfindhisticketbutbecamequiteupset.(2014浙江，短文改错)butand4Anditiswisetohaveasmanygoodfriendsthatwecan.(2014大纲全国，短文改错)thatas5Infact，heevenscaredmyclassmatesawaydurin

12、gtheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.(2013新课标全国卷，短文改错)duringwhen6Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner，thatmightnotbeserveduntil8oclockatnight.(2013新课标全国卷，短文改错)thatwhich7Thatiswhichotherteacherssay.(2013辽宁，短文改错)whichwhat8Iwantedtogiveup，andmygrandfathertoldmetowaitalittlel

13、onger.(2013陕西，短文改错)andbut.在空白处填入适当的词(1个单词)1Heisashyman, butheisnotafraidofanythingoranyone.(2015北京，25)2OppositeisSt.PaulsChurch, whereyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.(2015北京，24)3Standoverthereandyoullbeabletoseeitbetter.(2015天津例题)4Thebooksonthedesk，whosecoversareshiny，areprizesforus.(2015四川，3)5Weneedtoget

14、totherootoftheproblembeforewecansolveit.(2015天津，12)6Someanimalscarryseedsfromoneplacetoanother，soplantscanspreadtonewplaces.(2014北京，21)7Givemeachance，andIllgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.(2014天津，1)8Idontreallyliketheauthor，althoughIhavetoadmithisbooksareveryexciting.(2014山东，2)9Themeaningoftheword“nice”ch

15、angedafewtimesbeforeitfinallycametoincludethesense“pleasant”(2014安徽，25)10Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoingwhatyoureafraidtodo.(2014福建，34)11IwasgladtomeetJennyagain，butIdidntwanttospendalldaywithher.(2013新课标全国，3)12Dontturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprogramsoryoucouldhaveproblems.(2013北京，22)常用句式1Whatar

16、eyougoingtodotomorrow?2Imgoingtotheconcert.3Idliketogoskatingifitissuitable.4IthinkIcanfinishtheprojectnextyear.5Ihavenoidea.6Itsuptoyou.7Howdoyoudo？Whatcourseswouldyouliketochoosethisterm?8Itishightimethatsomethingwasdoneaboutit.典例展示假设你是天津晨光中学学生会主席李华。你校将于7月26日接待来自美国某中学的学生访问团。你受学校委托，负责安排其在津的一日活动。请根据

17、以下提示，用英语给该团的领队Smith先生写一封电子邮件，介绍活动计划并简要说明理由，最后征求对方意见。1上午与我校学生座谈(话题如校园生活、文化差异等)；2中午与我校学生共同进餐(午餐包括饺子、面条等)；3下午与我校学生游览海河。注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2词数100左右；3邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearMr.Smith，IamLiHua，chairmanoftheStudentsUnion，fromChenguangHighSchool.Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely，LiHua联想词汇1访问payavi

18、sitto2委任某人做某事appointsb.todosth.3负责，掌管takechargeof4带领某人参观某地showsb.aroundsp.5给某人一些建议givesb.someadvice佳作背诵DearMr.Smith，IamLiHua，chairmanoftheStudentsUnion，fromChenguangHighSchool.YourstudentsvisitinggroupfromtheUSwillpayavisittoourschoolonJuly26andIwasappointedtotakechargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesont

19、hatday.Myplanisasfollows：Onthemorningofyourarrival，wewillshowyouaroundourschool.Thenadiscussionwillbeheld，whichmaycoversuchtopicsasschoollife，culturaldifferencesandsoon.Atnoon，wewillhaveagettogetherinourschoolsdininghallandwewillpreparedumplingsandnoodlesasmainfood.Intheafternoon，youtogetherwithsome

20、ofourstudentrepresentativesaregoingtovisittheHaiheRiver.Then，youwillendyourvisit.Whatdoyouthinkoftheplan？Canyougivemesomeadviceonhowtomakeyourvisitmoreinterestingandimpressive?Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely，LiHua.判断下列句子的类型1WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.简单句2Theboywhooffered

21、mehisseatiscalledTom.复合句3Thereisachairinthisroom，isntthere？简单句4MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.简单句5HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.并列句6Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.复合句7Neitherhashechangedhismind，norwillhedoso.并列句8Whathesaidatthemeetingisver

22、yimportant，isntit？复合句9Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.简单句10BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.简单句.完成句子11Whathesaid(他说的话) madeusexcited.12Ifyoustudyhard(如果你努力学习)，youwillmakeprogress.13Englishisimportant，soyoushouldlearnitwell(所以你要学好)14Hisparentsoftenmadehimdothehousework(让他做家务)15Idontknowwhether

23、hewillcomeornot(他是否会来).阅读理解AIamapersonwhowouldliketospeakEnglishwell.IfyougotoacountrywhereEnglishisthefirstlanguage，Ibelieveyouwilllearnmorequickly，soIchosetocometotheUnitedStateswhereIamtakingESLclassesatauniversitytolearnEnglish.WehavealotofactivitiestopractisespeakingEnglish，andIwasimpressedbyon

24、eactivitywhichwascalled“ElectingaPresidentandaVicePresident.”Whentheteachergaveusthetask，Ithoughtitwasaverygoodtopicbecauseeveryonehereisinterestedinthistopicnow.IthoughtitwouldbeagoodchanceforustolearnmoreEnglishbecausewewouldhavetoimitate(模仿) boththedialogandgesturesoftheAmericanpresidentialcandid

25、ates(候选人) wehaverecentlyseenonTV.Weweredividedintotwogroups；therewerefivestudentsineachgroup.Eachgroupselectedcandidatestorunforpresidentandvicepresident.Theotherstudentsineachgroupsupportedthecandidates.Allofushadtopreparespeeches.Thepresidentandvicepresidentshadtogivecampaign(竞选) speeches.Theother

26、studentsalsohadtoconvincepeopletovotefortheircandidates.Speakinginfrontoftheclassandtryingtopersuadethemtovoteforourteamswasanimportantthingwelearnedfromthisactivity.Wewerelearningtousefutureconditions.Herearesomeexamples: IfIamelected，Iwillfightforbettereducation.Ifsheiselected，shewillgivewomenmore

27、opportunities.Everyonepreparedtheirworktogether.Wehelpedeachother.Itmademehappy.Inadditiontopreparingourspeeches，wemadecampaignposters，andpracticedcheeringforourcandidates.Onthepresentationday，wewereexcitedandhadgoodluck.Wehadagoodteachertohelpusrelax，andthepresentationswentwell.Wesharedtheexperienc

28、etogether，andtheteachertookpicturesofallofus.Wehadalotoffun.16ThewriterwenttotheUnitedStatesinorderto.AtakepartinanactivityBlearntospeakEnglishCelectagoodpresidentDhaveapleasanttrip答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“.soIchosetocometotheUnitedStateswhereIamtakingESLclassesatauniversitytolearnEnglish.”可知，作者去美国是为了学英语

29、。故选B。17“ElectingaPresidentandaVicePresident”isanactivitythatcanhelpthestudents.AtomakemorefriendsBtounderstandeachotherbetterCtogetgoodmarksintheexamsDtoimprovetheirEnglish答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“WehavealotofactivitiestopractisespeakingEnglish，andIwasimpressedbyoneactivitywhichwascalledElectingaPreside

30、ntandaVicePresident.”可知，这个活动的目的是提高学生的英语水平。故选D。18Theunderlinedword“convince”(inParagraph4) probablymeans“”Aforce BcommandCpersuade Dallow答案C解析词义猜测题。根据该划线词所在句中的“peopletovotefortheircandidates”以及后一句“Speakinginfrontoftheclassandtryingtopersuadethemtovoteforourteams.”可知，此处指的是说服人们来为他们的候选人投票。故选C。19Bytaking

31、partin“ElectingaPresidentandaVicePresident”thestudentscanlearn.AhowtousefuturetenseBtheimportanceofwomenCthehistoryofEnglishDwhattohappeninfuture答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“Wewerelearningtousefutureconditions.”可知，学生们在这个活动中能学会如何使用将来时态。故选A。BEachyear，millionsofpeoplegoabroadtowork，study，ortravel.Itsagreatwaytofindoutwhatlifeislikeinanotherpartoftheworld！Youreprobablyhopingtomakenewfriendsandlearnaboutthecultureinyourhostcou