上海外国语大学《641翻译实践》英汉互译考研真题.docx

1、上海外国语大学641翻译实践英汉互译考研真题上海外国语大学641翻译实践英汉互译考研真题一、上海外国语大学高级翻译学院841翻译实践（英汉互译）考研真题及详解I. Translate the following into Chinese（75分）The Short MarchBy BILL POWELL/SHANGHAI Thursday, Feb. 14, 2008Locals sell produce outside the gates of one of Songjiangs new developmentsOn a cold, gray afternoon a year ago, I

2、stood on the deck of our newly purchased, half-constructed house about an hour outside Shanghai, wondering what, exactly, I had gotten myself into. My wife, a Shanghai native, and I had moved back to China from New York City in the spring of 2004, and 21/2 years later we had decided to take the plun

3、ge. We bought a three-story, five-bedroom townhouse way out in the suburbs, in a town called New Songjiang, a place that was thenand remains nowvery much a work in progress.We had come here that day to see how construction was progressing. Our house, along with about 140 others, was going up in a de

4、velopment called Emerald Riverside. It sits on the banks of a tributary that dumps into the Huangpu, the river that cuts Shanghai in two about 28 miles (45 km) to the northeast. On that dreary afternoon I gazed out to the other side of the river, looking at the only significant patch of land for mil

5、es that was not yet being developedabout five acres (20,000 sq. m) of green that local farmers still used to grow watermelons, which they then sold to the migrant workers building this town. On the far bank there was a ramshackle one-room brick house, where three of the farmers liveda husband, wife

6、and teenage son. They had no running waterthey bathed and washed their clothes in the riverand the place was lit by a single bulb. In every direction just beyond the watermelon patch, office parks and houses and apartment complexes were going up, forming a cordon around the farmland that was drawing

7、 inexorably tighter. As it is in vast swathes of China, the new was replacing the old, and it was not doing so slowly. It was doing so in the blink of an eye.I stood on the deck that day and watched one of the farmers who worked the watermelon patch, an older woman who would later introduce herself

8、to us as Liu Yi, as she stared back at me across the river. I remember thinking to myself, My god, what must be going through her mind? Not only is the land she works on about to disappear, but theres this foreigner standing over there staring at her. Where did he come from and, more to the point, w

9、hat in the world is he doing out here? The short answer is that my wife and I have become a tiny part of Chinas latest revolution. We got an off-the-shelf mortgage from the Standard Chartered Bank branch in town, plunked down 25% of the purchase price, and bought ourselves a piece of the Great Chine

10、se Dream.Best Years of Their LivesFor the past decade and a half, the frantic pace of urbanization has been the transformative engine driving this countrys economy, as some 300-400 million people from dirt-poor farming regions made their way to relative prosperity in cities. Within the contours of t

11、hat great migration, however, there is another one now about to take placeless visible, but arguably no less powerful. As Chinas major citiesthere are now 49 with populations of one million or more, compared with nine in the U.S. in 2000become more crowded and more expensive, a phenomenon similar to

12、 the one that reshaped the U.S. in the aftermath of World War II has begun to take hold. That is the inevitable desire among a rapidly expanding middle class for a little bit more room to live, at a reasonable price; maybe a little patch of grass for children to play on, or a whiff of cleaner air as

13、 the countrys cities become ever more polluted.This is Chinas Short March. A wave of those who are newly affluent and firm in the belief that their best days, economically speaking, are ahead of them, is headed for the suburbs. In Shanghai alone, urban planners believe some 5 million people will mov

14、e to what are called “satellite cities” in the next 10 years. To varying degrees, the same thing is happening all across China. This processChinas own suburban flightis at the core of the next phase of this countrys development, and will be for years to come.The consequences of this suburbanization

15、are enormous. Think of how the U.S. was transformed, economically and socially, in the years after World War II, when GIs returned home and formed families that then fanned out to the suburbs. The comparison is not exact, of course, but its compelling enough. The effects of Chinas suburbanization ar

16、e just beginning to ripple across Chinese society and the global economy. Its easy to understand the persistent strength in commodity pricessteel, copper, lumber, oilwhen you realize that in Emerald Riverside construction crews used more than three tons of steel in the houses and nearly a quarter of

17、 a ton of copper wiring. There are 35 housing developments either just finished or still under construction in New Songjiang alone, a town in which 500,000 people will eventually live. And as Lu Hongjiang, a vice president of the New Songjiang Development & Construction company puts it, “were only a

18、t the very beginning of this in China.”【参考译文】短行军比尔鲍威尔，星期四，2008年2月14日当地人在新淞江发展区门外卖农产品一年前的一个寒冷阴暗的下午，我站在我们距离上海市区一小时车程的尚在建设中的新房的地板上，陷入了沉思，我的妻子是上海本地人，我在2004年春天离开纽约来到中国，两年半以后我们做了这个决定。我们在上海郊区一个叫新淞江的地方购置了一套三层五居室的别墅，新淞江当时，可以说直到现在，一直在飞速发展。那天我们来这里是为了查看工程进度。我们的房子和翡翠河畔的其他约140套房子都在建设中。翡翠河畔坐落在黄浦江的一条支流上，黄浦江在这里的东北方向

19、约28英里（48千米），它将上海分隔成两块。在这个沉闷的下午，我凝视着河对岸几里外唯一块没有被开发的田地，大约5英里（2000平方米），当地的农民在那里种西瓜，然后卖给在这里建设小镇的民工。在远处的河岸，有一间摇摇欲坠的砖头房子，里面只有一只照明的电灯泡，那里住着三个农民丈夫、妻子和十几岁儿子。他们没有自来水，平时在河里洗澡洗衣服。在西瓜地的前面，四周政府停车场、写字楼和复合式公寓正在建造，像一条无情冷酷的绳索，紧紧地将这块农田包围住。事实上，在中国大部分地区，新事物都在取代着旧事物，并且这一替代不是缓慢的，而就发生在眨眼之间。那天我站在楼上看着一位在西瓜田劳作的农民，就像她站在河对岸看着我一

20、样，后来她向我介绍说她叫刘姨。我记得我当时在想，天啊，她的脑海里在想些什么？不光她劳作的这块土地将要消失了，那里还站着一盒外国人目不转睛地望着她。他是从哪里来的，更重要的是，他大老远地来到这儿究竟要做什么？简短的答案是我和我妻子已经成为中国当前一大变革中的微小一部分。我们从镇上的渣打银行支行办理了房屋抵押贷款，付了25%的首付，为我们自己买下了实现中国梦的一部分。生命中最美好的年代在过去的十五年里，疯狂的城市化进程已经成为带动这个国家经济的火车头，三、四亿人从又穷又脏的农业地区来到了相对繁荣的城市。然而，在这一巨大的迁移中，一件更不被注意到的事情将要发生，但其影响也是巨大的。因为中国的大城市现

21、在中国有49个百万人口的大城市，而在2000年的美国只有9个变得越来越拥挤，生活成本越来越高，这种现象就像是美国二战后的情形再现。因此，迅速增长的中产阶级希望拥有价格合理的大房子，拥有一块可以供孩子玩耍的草坪，在城市日益被污染的情况下能够呼吸到清新的空气，这就成为了必然的欲望。这是中国的一次短行军。我们应该向那些引领郊区发展的新富致意，他们坚信从经济上来说，更美好的前景就在眼前。但就上海来说，城市规划人员相信在未来的10年里，将有五百万人迁移到“卫星城”。这样的变化发生在中国的每一个城市。这个进程中国的郊区飞跃不就将成为这个国家下一阶段发展的核心。郊区化所带来的影响是巨大的。想想美国二战后，美

22、国大兵回国后组建了自己的家庭开始向郊区发展后，美国在经济和社会上的转变。这个比喻也许并不十分准确，但足以说明问题。中国的郊区化进程已经开始影响到中国社会和全球经济。如果你知道翡翠河畔的每栋房子要用掉至少三吨钢，和四分之一吨铜线后，就很容易理解当前日用品价格上涨的势头为何如此强劲了钢铁、铜、木材、石油。但是新淞江就有35个建成的和在建的小区，整个镇上最终将会有50万人居住。正如新淞江建筑发展公司副总卢洪江所言“我们所做的在中国知识开了先河。”II. Translate the following into English（75分）主席先生：今年，对于中国来说，是不平凡的一年。我们经历了两件大事：

23、第一件事是汶川特大地震灾害造成了巨大的生命财产损失。中国人民在灾难面前表现了坚强、勇敢、团结和不屈不挠的精神。目前，受灾群众得到了妥善安置，恢复重建工作正在有条不紊地展开。第二件事是北京奥运会成功举办。这一体育盛会不仅为来自世界各地的运动员展示风采创造了良好的条件，而且让世界更多地了解中国，让中国更多地了解世界。在抗震救灾和举办奥运会的过程中，我们得到了国际社会的广泛理解、支持和帮助。在此，我代表中国政府和人民表示诚挚的感谢。世界都在关注北京奥运会后中国政治经济走向。我可以明确地告诉大家，中国将继续坚定不移地走和平发展道路，继续坚持改革开放不动摇，继续贯彻独立自主的和平外交政策。这符合中国人民

24、的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，顺应世界潮流。这次北京奥运会是在中国这样一个最大的发展中国家举行的。国际社会对中国政府和人民为此做出的努力给予了高度评价。奥运会的成功举办，使中国人民受到了极大的鼓舞，增强了实现现代化的信心和力量。同时，我们清醒地看到，中国有13亿人口，虽然经济总量已经位居世界前列，但人均收入水平仍排在世界100位之后，城乡发展和区域发展很不平衡，农村特别是西部地区农村还很落后，还有数以千万计的人口没有解决温饱。中国仍然是一个发展中国家，生产力不发达的状况没有根本改变，进一步发展还受到资源、能源、环境等瓶颈的制约。中国的社会主义市场经济体制还不完善，民主法制还不健全，一些

25、社会问题还比较突出。中国实现现代化的任务还很繁重，道路还很漫长。摆在我们面前的机遇和挑战都是空前的。抓住机遇，迎接挑战，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展，这就是中国政府和中国人民的理念和行动。【参考译文】Mr. President:For China, this has been a special year. We experienced two major events. One was the devastating earthquake in Wenchuan, which caused grave losses of life and property. In the face of

26、the disaster, the Chinese people showed great strength, courage, solidarity and resilience. By now, the people affected by the earthquake have been properly relocated and recovery and reconstruction work is well underway. The other was the successful hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games. This grand

27、sporting event provided a good opportunity for athletes from around the world to show true sportsmanship. It also enabled the world to learn more about China and China more about the world. In our fight again the earthquake disaster and our efforts to host the Games, we received understanding, suppo

28、rt and assistance from the international community. I wish to take this opportunity to express sincere gratitude on behalf of the Chinese Government and people.Now the whole world wants to know in what direction China is heading, both politically and economically after the Beijing Olympic Games. Let

29、 me tell you in unequivocal terms that China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development, unswervingly pursue reform and opening-up, and continue to adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace. This is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of all other

30、countries. It is also in keeping with the trend of the world.The just concluded Olympic Games was held in China, the largest developing country in the world. The international community has highly commended the efforts made by the Chinese Government and people for the Games. And its success has grea

31、tly inspired the Chinese people and given them even more confidence and strength to achieve modernization of the country. At the same time, however, we are soberly aware that China is a country with 1.3 billion people. Though its total GDP is one of the highest in the world, it trails behind more th

32、an 100 countries in terms of per capita income. Development between urban and rural areas and among different regions in China is unbalanced. The rural areas, particularly those in western China, are under developed. Tens of millions of Chinese lack adequate food and clothing. China is still a developing country, where productivity remains low and further development is constrained by the shortage of resources and energy and environmental consequences.Our socialist market economic system, democracy and the rule of law need to be further improved, and certain outstanding social is