小升初定语从句讲解及习题.docx

1、小升初定语从句讲解及习题定语从句一、定语从句及相关术语1定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句， 一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有 where, when, why 等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。二关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are play in g football are from ClassO ne.(2)

2、Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2)Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词 whom在口语和非正式语体中常用 who代替，可省略。(3)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Fo

3、otball is a game which is liked by most boys.(2)This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4.that指人时，相当于 who或者whom ；指物时，相当于 which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5.whose通常指

4、人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 .对主句先行词的所属性进行修饰的。(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book

5、whose cover is yellow?(6)Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?*三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词 +关系代词引导(1)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you aske

6、d for.(4)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5)Well go to hear the famous sin ger (whom/that/who) we have ofte n talked about.(6)Well go to hear the famous sin ger about whom we have ofte n talked.、/ I 。宀注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如： look for, look after, take care of 等(1)This is

7、the watch which/that Iam looking for. (T)(2)This is the watch for which Iam looking. (F)2. 若介词放在关系代词前， 关系代词指人时用 whom ，不可用 who 或者 that ；指物时用 which ， 不能用 that ；关系代词是所有格时用 whose(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2)The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)(3)The plane in which we

8、 flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3.“介词 +关系代词”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代词或者数 词(1)He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2)Inthe basket there are quite many apples, some o

9、f which have gone bad.(3)There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.四关系副词引导的定语从句1. when 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally came.2. where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1)Shanghai is the city where I

10、was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3.why 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词 +关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation isnot clear,(2

11、)From the year when/in which hewas going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3)Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句举例：(1)The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.(2)China is a country which

12、 has a long history. 非限制性定语从句举例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同(1)His brother who isnow a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那当医生的哥哥 常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)(2)His brother, wh

13、o is now a doctor, always encourages him to goto college. 他的哥哥是当医生 的，常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)难点分析(一)限制性定语从句只能用 that 的几种情况1当先行词是 anything, everything, nothing (something 除外 ), few, all, none, little, some 等代 词时，或者是由 every, any,all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr

14、. Li hassaid?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3)All that canbe done has been done.(4)There is little that Icando for you.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用 who(4)Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.2.当先行词被序数词修饰(1) The first place that they visited in Lo

15、ndon was the Big Ben.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4.当形容词被 the very, the only 修饰时(1) This is the very dictionary that Iwant to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用 who(3)Wang Hua is the only person in our school

16、 who will attend the meeting5.当先行词前面有 who, which 等疑问代词时(1) Who isthe man that is standing there?(2) Which isthe T-shirt that fits me most?6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?(二)关系代词 as 和 which 引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1As 和 whi

17、ch 都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1)Hemarried her,as/which wasnatural.(2)Hewashonest, as/which we cansee.2.as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。 另外，as有“正如”，正像”的意思(1)Asisknown to all,Chinaisadeveloping country.(2)He is from the south, aswecanseefrom his accent.(3)John,asyoukno

18、w, isafamouswriter.(4)He has been to Parismorethan severaltimes, which I dont believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用 which(5)Tomwas always late for school, which made histeacher angry.3. 当先行次受 such, the same 修饰时，常用 as(1) Ihave never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such afool ashe looks.(3)This

19、 is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行次由 the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that 引导定语从句，但是和由 as 所引导的定 语从句意思不同(4)Shewore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在 Mary 婚礼上穿过的 一条裙子。(5)She wore the same dress asher young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。(三)以 the way 为先行词的定语从句通常由 in which, that 引导，而且通常可以省略。

20、(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四) but 有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句(1) There are very few but understand his idea. (but= who dont )(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句 1定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是 补充说明的关系(1) The plane that has just taken off isfor London. 定语从句(2) The fact that he has

21、 been dead is clear. 同位于从句 2定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位 语从句主要由 that 引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由 when, where, how, why, whether, what 等词引导，充当成分(1) The news he told me is true.(2) The news that he has just died is true.(3)The problem that we are facing now ishow we can collect so much money. 定语(4)T

22、he problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用 be 动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3)The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all. 同

23、位语(4)The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.介词短语+先行词的定语从句1.关系代词whose,引导定语从句时，既可指人，又可指物，在从句中只能作定语；of whom 只能指人； of which 只能指物,有时 whose 可以与 of whom 禾口 of which 互换使用女口： The girl whose hair is golden is from England.头发金色的那个女孩是英国人 .The house whose doors are gree n is an office build ing.门是绿色的那

24、座房子是办公楼 .2.介词+ whose + 名词引导定语从句如: I love my motherland,forwhose good future I will work hard.我爱我的祖国，为了她美好的未来我要努力工作 J3.在下列情况下，一般只用of whom 和of which. |(1)定语从句的主语是 few，little，some，most，many，much 等时，一般只用 of whom 和 of which.In the room are lots of people，many of whom I don t know. |房间里有很多人，很多人我不认识.He has

25、 a lot of story-books，a few of which I have n ever read.他有很多故事书，有几本故事书我还从未看过 .(2)定语从句的主语是数词、形容词的最高级时 ，一般只用of whom 和of which. 女口：The old man has three childre n，two of whom are college stude nts andone of whom is a manager. 那个老人有三个小孩，其中两个是大学生，另一个是经理.(3)定语从句的主语是 all，none，both，neither，each 等不定代词时，一般只用

26、of whom 和 of which. 女口：There are fifty stude nts in our class，all of whom are work ing hard.我们班有五十个学生，所有这五十个学生学习都刻苦He pla nted two trees last year，both of which are grow ing well.去年他栽了两棵树，这两棵树都长得好. 在定语从句中作表语的定语时 ，一般只用of whom 和of which. 女口：He has three brothers，of whom Li Lei is the youn gest one. |它

27、有三兄弟，李蕾是他们中最小的一个.There are many countries in Asia，of which China is the largest one.亚洲有很多国家，中国是最大的一个.The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.Miss Wang is tak ing care of the child whose pare nts have gone to Beiji ng .The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our

28、 headmaster. ( =The manwho/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster. ) 注：A .指人时有时只用 who不宜用that。1.先行词为 one、ones 或 anyone(1)The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.(2)Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.2.先行词为these时These who are going

29、 to Beijing are the best stude nts of our school.3.在there be 开头的句子中There is a stude nt who wants to see you.4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.5.在非限制性定语从句中A。 I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come fro

30、m Japan.B .主句以who开头的句子中，只用that,不用who。二.指物的关系代词有 which、whose(=of which) 、that.试分析：1.1 like the books which / that were writte n by Lu Xun.2.The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.3.This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)

31、4.I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)注：A.介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用 whom、which不能用who或 that.(1). The girl about whom they were talk ing is our mon itor.(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.B.部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其 动词之后。Is this the book which she is look ing for?The old man who/whom they are wait ing for is Professor Li.The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping son.C .指物时，下列情况下只能用 that，不宜用which。(1) 先行词为不定代词，女口 All、much、anything、everyth