小升初定语从句讲解及习题.docx

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小升初定语从句讲解及习题.docx

小升初定语从句讲解及习题

定语从句

一、定语从句及相关术语

1•定语从句:

修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2•关系词:

引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;

关系副词有where,when,why等。

关系词常有3个作用:

1,引导定语从句。

2,代替先行词。

3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二•关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人,在从句中做主语

(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.

2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.

(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.

注意:

关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.

3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.

(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.

4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;

指物时,相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.

(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?

5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语.对主句先行词的所属性进行修饰的。

(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose

指物时,常用以下结构来代替

(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?

(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?

*三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.

(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.

(5)We'llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.

(6)We'llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.

、/■I■'。

注意:

1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:

lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等

(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)

(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)

2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose

(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)

(2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F)

(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)

(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)

3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词

(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.

(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.

(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.

四.关系副词引导的定语从句

1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语

(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.

(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.

2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语

(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.

(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语

(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

(2)Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意:

关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,

(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.

(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereIwasborn.

五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句举例:

(1)TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.

(2)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定语从句举例:

(1)Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.

(2)China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.

要注意区分以下几个句子的不同

(1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。

(他还有其他的哥哥)

(2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。

(他只有一个哥哥)

难点分析

(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1.当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时

(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?

(2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.

(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.

注意:

当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who

(4)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon'tdosuchathing.

2.当先行词被序数词修饰

(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.

3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.

4.当形容词被thevery,theonly修饰时

(1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,

(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who

(3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting

5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时

(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?

(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?

6.当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时

(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?

(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。

具体情况是:

1.As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。

(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.

(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.

2.as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;

which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

另外,as有“正如”,正像””的意思

(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.

(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.

(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon'tbelieve.

注意:

当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which

(5)Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.

3.当先行次受such,thesame修饰时,常用as

(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.

(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.

(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.

注意:

当先行次由thesame修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

(三)以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导,而且通常可以省略。

(1)Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.

(四)but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句

(1)Thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodon't)

(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句1.定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系

(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句

(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位于从句2.定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略;同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分;句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导,充当成分

(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.

(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.

(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语

(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.

3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句不可以

(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.

(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.

(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.同位语

(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.

介词短语+先行词的定语从句

1.关系代词whose,引导定语从句时,既可指人,又可指物,在从句中只能作定语;

ofwhom只能指人;ofwhich只能指物,有时whose可以与ofwhom禾口ofwhich互

换使用•

女口:

ThegirlwhosehairisgoldenisfromEngland.

头发金色的那个女孩是英国人.

Thehousewhosedoorsaregreenisanofficebuilding.

门是绿色的那座房子是办公楼.

2."介词+whose+名词"引导定语从句

如:

Ilovemymotherland,forwhosegoodfutureIwillworkhard.

我爱我的祖国,为了她美好的未来我要努力工作J

3.在下列情况下,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich.|

(1)定语从句的主语是few,little,some,most,many,much等时,

一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich.

Intheroomarelotsofpeople,manyofwhomIdon'tknow.|

房间里有很多人,很多人我不认识.

Hehasalotofstory-books,afewofwhichIhaveneverread.

他有很多故事书,有几本故事书我还从未看过.

(2)定语从句的主语是数词、形容词的最高级时,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich.女口:

Theoldmanhasthreechildren,twoofwhomarecollegestudentsand

oneofwhomisamanager.那个老人有三个小孩,其中两个是大学生,另一个是经理.

(3)定语从句的主语是all,none,both,neither,each等不定代词时,

一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich.女口:

Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.

我们班有五十个学生,所有这五十个学生学习都刻苦

Heplantedtwotreeslastyear,bothofwhicharegrowingwell.

去年他栽了两棵树,这两棵树都长得好.

⑷在定语从句中作表语的定语时,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich.女口:

Hehasthreebrothers,ofwhomLiLeiistheyoungestone.|

它有三兄弟,李蕾是他们中最小的一个.

TherearemanycountriesinAsia,ofwhichChinaisthelargestone.

亚洲有很多国家,中国是最大的一个.

Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.

MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.

Themanwithwhommyfathershookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.(=Theman

who/whomthatmyfathershookhandswithjustnowisourheadmaster.)注:

A.指人时有时只用who不宜用that。

1.先行词为one、ones或anyone

(1)ThecomradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.

(2)Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.

2.先行词为these时

ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool.

3.在therebe开头的句子中

Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.

4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用

who,以免重复。

Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards.

5.在非限制性定语从句中

A。

Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromJapan.

B.主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。

二.指物的关系代词有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that.试分析:

1.1likethebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.

2.Thedesks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood.

3.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(=Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelive

dinlastyear.)

4.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(=Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwh

ichfacesouth.)

注:

A.介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时,只能用whom、which不能用who或that.

(1).Thegirlaboutwhomtheyweretalkingisourmonitor.

(2).ThebookinwhichtherearemanyinterestingthingswaswrittenbyLiMing.

B.部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开,在定语从句中其介词不可前置,只能放在其动词之后。

Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?

Theoldmanwho/whomtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.

Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPing'son.

C.指物时,下列情况下只能用that,不宜用which。

(1)先行词为不定代词,女口All、much、anything、everyth

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