工业设计外文文献翻译及原文24页word.docx

1、工业设计外文文献翻译及原文24页word The impact of “3r” principles to industrial design这个工作可让学生分组负责收集整理,登在小黑板上,每周一换。要求学生抽空抄录并且阅读成诵。其目的在于扩大学生的知识面,引导学生关注社会,热爱生活,所以内容要尽量广泛一些,可以分为人生、价值、理想、学习、成长、责任、友谊、爱心、探索、环保等多方面。如此下去,除假期外,一年便可以积累40多则材料。如果学生的脑海里有了众多的鲜活生动的材料,写起文章来还用乱翻参考书吗? “3r”原则对工业设计的影响宋以后，京师所设小学馆和武学堂中的教师称谓皆称之为“教谕”。至元明

2、清之县学一律循之不变。明朝入选翰林院的进士之师称“教习”。到清末，学堂兴起，各科教师仍沿用“教习”一称。其实“教谕”在明清时还有学官一意，即主管县一级的教育生员。而相应府和州掌管教育生员者则谓“教授”和“学正”。“教授”“学正”和“教谕”的副手一律称“训导”。于民间，特别是汉代以后，对于在“校”或“学”中传授经学者也称为“经师”。在一些特定的讲学场合，比如书院、皇室，也称教师为“院长、西席、讲席”等。 Abstract：While industrial design creates modem life and living surroundings for people，it also ac

3、celerates the exhaustion of the natural resources and the energy resourcesBesides，it has done harm to the ecological balance，and threatened the existence and the sustainable development of human beingsConfront with this situation，the strategy of sustainable development，proposed in 1990s，is accepted

4、by many peopleRecycling economy and its key point，“3r” principle，were born for this situation and become important principle in all kinds of economic activities and in the area of design and manufactureBy decoding the connotation of “3r” principle，the article analyzes the influence and the guidance

5、over industrial design of “3r” principleFurthermore，the article tries to discuss the conception of redesign，which is the extension of the “3r” principle in the area of industrial design，and explicates 4R principle of industrial design for recycling economy at last教师范读的是阅读教学中不可缺少的部分，我常采用范读，让幼儿学习、模仿。如

6、领读，我读一句，让幼儿读一句，边读边记；第二通读，我大声读，我大声读，幼儿小声读，边学边仿；第三赏读，我借用录好配朗读磁带，一边放录音，一边幼儿反复倾听，在反复倾听中体验、品味。 摘要：虽然工业设计创造了现代的生活并为人们提供了适合的生活环境，但也加快了对自然资源和能源资源的消耗。这种状况它已经损害了生态平衡、并且危险到了人类的生存与发展。面对这种情况，在20世纪90年代提出了实施可持续发展战略，并得到了许多人的认可和赞同。这时发展可持续发展循环经济是解决问题的重点，在这样的情况下“3r”原则诞生了，成为在各种各样的经济活动和在该地区的设计和制造的重要遵循原则。通过解释“3r”原则的基本内涵，

7、本文分析“3r”对工业设计的影响和指导意义。此外， 本文试图通过讨论“3r”的概念，而达到去探讨重新设计的概念，这是扩展在该地区工业设计中的“3r”原则，阐述了工业设计的各位朋友，在对探索确认最后的循环经济工业设计的“4R”原则作出的努力。Key words：3 R principle；industrial design；recycling economy；redesign关键词：“3r”原则 ； 工业设计 ； 循环经济 ；重新设计 1 Introduction1介绍Industrial design as a cross-cutting technology and the arts dis

8、ciplines， it is closely related to the economy and to maintain its development and progress of society. It can be summarized： First， it services for industrial mass production， making industrial products enhance the value and value-added. Second， It leads the fashion， to effectively stimulate consum

9、ption， so that consumers not only use the product at the same time， but also enjoy the new technology and material； Third， it puts technology to link up with the market， making products enhance competitiveness； Last but not the least， it can bring the innovation into the enterprise. Therefore， the e

10、conomic development needs industrial design which has become indispensable to the countrys economic construction .工业设计作为一个贯穿各个领域的技术与艺术密切相关的学科，它是维持经济和社会发展与进步的重要动力。它可以简要地概括为：第一，它服务于工业大规模批量化生产，提高工业产品的价值和附加值。第二，引领时尚，有效地刺激消费，这样消费者经常在使用该产品的同时，能够体验新技术和新材料。第三，提出了技术与市场联系起来，使产品提高市场竞争力。最后一点，它能够带来创新企业。因此，经济发展需要

11、的工业设计已成为国家不可缺少的经济建设。However， along with the traditional industrial design creating high-quality modern lifestyle and living environment and promoting economic development ，it also speeds up the consumption of resources and energy. Whats more ，it dose harm to the ecological balance of the Earth and b

12、rings about a serious of great damage to human survival and sustainable development. Especially the excessive commercialization of industrial design， utilitarian and excessive pursuit of profit， the implementation of merchandise has plans to abolish the system without taking into account production，

13、 use， process waste， such as the environment， the impact of resources. It can be said that people are in inappropriate and excessive consumption patterns of life， the industrial design objectively becomes essential medium to encourage people to uncontrolled consume， which is countered to the essence

14、 of industrial designcreating a science and healthy way of life.然而，随着传统的工业设计，创造出高品质的现代生活方式和居住环境，并促进经济发展的同时，也在加快着资源和能源的消耗。更重要的是，它的方法已经危害到地球的生态平衡，并带来严重威胁到了人类生存和可持续发展的后果。尤其是工业设计的过度商业化、功利性和过度的追求利润，实施有计划的“商品废除系统”没有考虑到生产和使用过程中的浪费，如对环境，影响的资源。可以这样说，人们在不对的过度消费模式的生活中，工业设计在客观上成为了必不可少的介质，鼓励人们正确的消费原则是工业设计的精髓，创造出

15、了一个关于健康生活方式的科学。是对无节制消费的反击。Facing the threat of human survival and sustainable development， in the 20th century， people began to question the sustainable development of humanity ，to carry out a profound reflection on sustainable development and to put forward a suitable model of circular economy ， th

16、e principle of circular economy is “3r” (ie Reduce， Reuse， Recycle) which is of great significance to the implementation and promotion of socio-economic stability， sustainable development Against this background， the concept of sustainable development into rapid economic development is inextricably

17、linked to the design， based on this ongoing exploration and practice. “3r” principles intended to sort out this article on various aspects of industrial design and the guiding role， and attempts to explore the “3r” principles of industrial design at the extension.面对处在威胁状态中的人类生存和可持续发展，在20世纪，人们开始质疑人类的

18、可持续发展计划，并对可持续发展进行了深刻的反思，提出了循环经济的概念和循环经济的基本原理。发展循环经济的模型是“3R”(即减少、再使用、再循环)，这是具有重要的指导意义推动了社会经济的稳定发展，在此背景下的可持续发展原则，发展成为可持续的概念性经济的快速发展设计，就是在此基础上进行的探索和实践。”3r”原则要整理一篇关于对工业设计各个方面的指导作用，并试图探讨”3r”原则在工业设计道路上的延伸。2 Cycle economic model and the principle of “3r”2循环经济模式和”3r”原则Economy is engaged in production， consu

19、mption and reproduction activities， which is to meet human material needs of their own material .Recycling economy is considered following the original economy， the agricultural economy， industrial economy after the time of the post-industrial economy， with the industrial economy is different betwee

20、n the resources and environment relationship.Following the economic cycle refers to the natural ecosystem of the material circulation and energy flow reconstruction of the economic system so that it harmoniously into the natural ecosystems of the material energy recycling process to product clean pr

21、oduction， resource recycling and efficient recycling characterized eco-economic development patterns， also known as eco-economy， green economy.经济是从事生产、消费和生殖的活动，是满足人类的物质需要自己的资料。循环经济考虑过跟踪原经济、农业经济发展，工业经济工业时间后的经济，在工业经济差异资源与环境的关系。随着全球经济周期是指自然生态系统的物质循环和能量流动的经济重建系统以便它的自然生态系统的和谐的物质能量回收过程清洁生产，产品具有高效回收资源循环经济发

22、展模式，也称为生态经济，绿色经济。2.1 The relationship between economic model， environment and the resources2.1经济模式之间的关系，环境和资源Human survival and economic activities rely on the resources and the environment.On one hand ，it is the source of the human beings material system； on the other hand， it bears the economic ac

23、tivities of human waste generated by the various roles. The Earth can provide resources but are limited， even though it must have the ability to purify， however it is subject to human economic activity the ability of emissions is also limited.人类的生存和经济活动依赖的资源和环境。一方面，它是源泉的人类资料系统：另一方面，它有经济活动所产生的人类废弃物的各

24、种角色。地球能提供资源是有限的，即使它必须有能力净化、然而在人类经济活动主体的能力限制温室气体排放。Industrial economic development patterns are from One Product One resource pollution posed by one-way flow of material and an open economy， this openness has led to a global depletion of resources and waste， as well as the serious deterioration of th

25、e ecological environment. 工业经济发展模式是一种资源产品从“单向型流量造成污染的材料和开放经济，该开放导致了全球消耗资源和浪费，以及生态环境严重恶化。Circular economy development pattern is from one of resources of renewable resources， one of green products posed by the material energy of the closed-loop feedback loop process， this closed loop system， can main

26、tain economic production of low， high-quality， low-waste， which will be economic activity of natural resources and environmental impacts to minimize damage.循环经济发展模式是从“可再生资源，资源的绿色的产品”所构成的物质能量的闭环反馈回路的过程，在这个闭环系统，能保持经济生产的低、优质、低消耗，将经济活动的自然资源和环境的影响来减少损伤。2.2 Interpretation of the circular economy mode “3r”

27、 principle22解释”3r”原则循环经济模式”3r” principle is the basic manifestation of the economic cycle， and its specific contents are as follows：“3r”原则是基本的体现经济周期，具体内容如下：Reduction principle is the first principle of circular economy， that is the source of control method， which requires the source of economic acti

28、vity - the design stage， pay attention to the use of resources-saving and pollution reduction requirements with fewer resources to achieve the established purpose of the production or consumption In the production areas， usually the energy-saving production processes， materials and conservation of r

29、esources， the products of small size and lightweight， and easy and simple packaging requirements in order to achieve the purpose of reducing waste emissions； In the consumer area， reduction of the supremacy of the principle of a change in consumer lifestyles and advocate moderate consumption and gre

30、en consumption. Reuse principle is the second principle of circular economy， that is， process control methods， with the aim to improve the products and resources use efficiency， it calls for product design to initial the form of packaging for multiple items to prevent premature become waste. In the

31、design， to the use of standard-sized parts， repair and upgrade in order to replace， thus prolonging the service life of products； In the consumer area， to promote the purchase of durable consumer goods， to reduce the use of disposable products， such as after-sales service by strengthening the means

32、to extend the product life as possible and not waste.“减少”原则是第一的原则，发展循环经济，那是源泉的控制方式，使要求来源的经济活动-设计阶段，注重资源节约型的使用要求和减少污染的用更少的资源，完成所建立的目的的生产、消费的生产区域，通常是节能的生产工艺、材料和节约资源，产品体积小、重量轻、操作简单，方便包装要求以达到减少制造废物排放的目的；在消费者面积、还原至上的原则，改变生活方式和主适度消费的消费者和绿色消费。“再利用原则”是循环经济的第二个原则，即的过程控制方式，目的是提高产品和资源利用效率的，它要求在初始产品设计的形式对多个项目包装避免早熟变为荒凉。在设计时，使用标准尺寸的部分，修理和升级为了取代，从而延长使用寿命产品；而在消费区，促进购买耐用消费品，减少使用一次性产品，如售后服务通过强化手段延长产品寿命可能不浪费。Recycling principle is the third principle of circular economy， that is， terminal control method of production and consumption in the process of waste generated， through the resources of the means of its