医学考博真题.docx

1、医学考博真题 Listening：无Vocabulary：Section A31. According to the Geneva _no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.A. Customs B. Congresses C. Conventions D. Routines32. Environmental officials insist that something be done to _acid rain.A. curb B. sue C. detoxify D. condemn33. It is impossible to say

2、 how it will take place, because it will happen_, and it will not be a long process. A. spontaneously B. simultaneously C. principally D. approximately 34. Diabetes is one of the most_ and potentially dangerous disease in the world. A. crucial B. virulent C. colossal D. prevalent 35. Rheumatologist

3、advises that those with ongoing aches and pains first seek medical help to _the problem.A. affiliate B. alleviate C. aggravate D. accelerate36. How is it possible that such_ deception has come to take place right under our noses?A. obvious B. significant C. necessary D. widespread37. Now a paper in

4、Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from _on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.A. configuration B. constitution C. condemnation D. contamination38. Chronic high-dose intake of vitamin A has been shown to have _effects on bones.A. adverse B. prevalent C. instant D. purposef

5、ul39. Generally, vaccine makers _ the virus in fertilized chicken eggs in a process that can take four to six months.A. penetrate B. designate C. generate D. exaggerate40. We are much quicker to respond, and we respond far too quickly by giving _ to our anger.A. vent B. impulse C. temper D. offenceS

6、ection B41. The patients condition has worsened since last night.A. improved B. returned C. deteriorated D. changed42. Beijing Television-Station Transmitting Tower really looks magnificent at night when its lit up.A. decorated B. illustrated C. illuminated D. entertained43. Attempts to restrict par

7、king in the city centre have further aggravated the problem of traffic congestion.A. ameliorated B. aggregated C. deteriorated D. duplicated44. The applications of genetic engineering are abundant and choosing one appropriate for this case can be rather difficult.A. sufficient B. plentiful C. adequa

8、te D. countable45. The defect occurs in the first eight weeks of pregnancy, though no one understands why.A. deficit B. deviation C. draw back D. discrepancy46. He has been on hormone alternate therapy for four years and looks fantastic.A. successor B. replacement C. surrogate D. choice47. It had ov

9、er 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings.A. ancient B. carefullyC. very large D. carefully protected48. When patients spend extended peri

10、ods in hospital, they tend to become overly dependent and lose interest in taking care of themselves.A. extremely B. exclusively C. exactly D. explicitly49. The anxious parent was vigilant over the injured child in spite of a full array of emergency room of doctors and nurses.A. preoccupied B. unwar

11、y C. watchful D. dozing50. The doctor vacillated so frequently on disease-prevention techniques that his colleagues accused him of inconsistency.A. wavered B. instigated C. experimented D. reliedClozeWe spend a lot of time looking at the eyes of others for social 51 it helps us understand a person e

12、motions, and make decisions about how to respond to them. We also know that adults avoid eye contact when anxious. But researchers have known far 52 about eye gazing patterns in children.According to new research by Kalina Michalska, assistant professor of psychology at the University of California,

13、 Riverside, we now, know that anxious children tend to avoid making eye contact, and this has consequences for how they experience fear. The 53 and less frequently they look at the eyes of others, the more likely they are to be afraid of them, even when there may be no reason to be. Her study, “Anxi

14、ety Symptoms and Childrens Eye Gaze During Fear Leaming”, was published in the journal The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.Looking at someones eyes helps us understand whether a person is feeling sad, angry, fearful, or surprised. As adults, we then make decisions about how to respond and

15、 what to do next. But, we know much less about eye patterns in childrenso, understanding those patterns can help us learn more about the development of social learning,” Michalska said.Michalska and the team of researchers showed 82 children, 9 to 13 years old, images of two womens faces on a comput

16、er screen. The computer was equipped with an eye tracking device that allowed them to measure 54 on the screen children were looking, and for how long. The participants were originally shown each of the two women a total of four times. Next, one of the images was 55 with a loud scream and a fearful

17、expression, and the other one was not. At the end, children saw both faces again without any sound or scream.The following three conclusions can be drawn from the study:1. All children spent more time looking at the eyes of a face that was paired with the loud scream than the face that was not paire

18、d with the scream, 56 they pay attention to potential threats even in the absence of outward cues.2. Children who were more anxious avoided eye contact during all three phases of the experiment, for both kinds of faces. This had consequences for how afraid they were of the faces.3. The more children

19、 avoided eye contact；the more afraid they were 57 the faces. The conclusions suggest that children spend more time looking at the eyes of a face when previously paired with something frightening suggesting they pay more attention to potentially threatening information as a way to learn more about th

20、e situation and plan what to do next.However, anxious children tend to avoid making eye contact, which leads to greater 58 experience. Even though avoiding eye contact may reduce anxiety 59 , the study finds thatover timechildren may be missing out 60_ important social information. This includes tha

21、t a person may no longer be threatening or scary, and yet the child continues feeling fearful of that person.51. A. environment B. cues C. relations D. answers52. A. less B. more C. enough D. beyond53. A. longer B. more anxious C. shorter D. more54. A. where B. when C. how D. what55. A. followed B.

22、recorded C. paired D. marked56. A. suggest B. suggesting C. suggests D. being suggested57. A. to B. of C.at D. about58. A. fear B. surprise C. sad D. angry59. A. in the long run B. for a long timeC. in the short time D. in a long time60. A. with B. without C. of D. onReading ComprehensionPassage One

23、The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby s work that children should

24、 not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. It has been argued that an infant under three who is cared for outside the home may suffer because of the separation from his parents. But there are also arguments ag

25、ainst such a strong conclusion. But traditional societies are so different from modem societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to interpret. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modem societies does not usually ex

26、ist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alonefar from it.Certainty, Bowlbys analysis raises the possibilities that early day care had delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead

27、to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only explored by the use of statistics. However, statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would certainly be complicated and controversial. Secondly, common sense tells us that da

28、y care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on chil

29、drens development.Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery

30、easy，and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate early care is reasonable for infants.61. According to the passage, the consequence of parental separation_.A. still n

31、eeds more statistical studiesB. has been found negative is more seriousC. is obviousD. in modem times62. The author thinks that John Bowlbys concern_.A. is relevant and justifiableB. is too strong to RelieveC. is utterly groundlessD. has something that deserve our attention63. Whats the result of Am

32、erican studies of children in day care in the last decade?A. The childrens unhappiness and protest was due to the day care the children received.B. The bad effects of parental separation were hard to deal with.C. The effect of day care was not necessarily negative on childrens development.D. Early care was reasonable for babies since its practiced by so many people nowadays.64