剑4test1reading精讲版.docx

1、剑4test1reading精讲版剑4 TEST 1 ReadingREADING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.一Adults and children are frequently confronted with statements about the alarming rate of loss of tropical rainforests. For example, one graphic illustrat

2、ion to which children might readily relate is the estimate that rainforests are being destroyed at a rate equivalent to one thousand football fields every forty minutes - about the duration of a normal classroom period. In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage第一题, it is likely that

3、 children will have formed ideas about rainforests -what and where they are, why they are important, what endangers them - independent of any formal tuition. It is also possible that some of these ideas will be mistaken.二Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about pure, curric

4、ulum science. 第三题These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to容易受影响 modification.第四题 These ideas may be developed by chil

5、dren absorbing ideas through the popular media.第二题 Sometimes this information may be erroneous. It seems schools may not be providing an opportunity for children to re-express their ideas and so have them tested and refined by teachers and their peers.三Despite the extensive coverage in the popular m

6、edia of the destruction of rainforests, little formal information is available about childrens ideas in this area. The aim of the present study is to start to provide such information, to help teachers design their educational strategies to build upon correct ideas and to displace misconceptions and

7、 to plan programmes in environmental studies in their schools.四The study surveys childrens scientific knowledge and attitudes to rainforests. Secondary school children were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions简答题. 第五题The most frequent responses to the first question

8、were descriptions which are self-evident from the term rainforest. Some children described them as damp, wet or hot. The second question concerned the geographical location of rainforests. The commonest responses were continents or countries: Africa (given by 43% of children),第九题 South America (30%)

9、, Brazil (25%). Some children also gave more general locations, such as being near the Equator.五Responses to question three concerned the importance of rainforests. The dominant idea, raised by 64% of the pupils, was that rainforests provide animals with habitats. Fewer students responded that rainf

10、orests provide plant habitats, and even fewer mentioned the indigenous populations of rainforests.第十题 More girls (70%) than boys (60%) raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitats.第六题 这两句话都拿男生女生做了比较但所比较的事物却不是对热带雨林毁坏的错误观点 六Similarly, but at a lower level, more girls (13%) than boys (5%) said that

11、 rainforests provided human habitats. 第六题These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils views about the use and conservation of rainforests, in which girls were shown to be more sympathetic to animals and expressed views which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-

12、human animal life.第七题七The fourth question concerned the causes of the destruction of rainforests. Perhaps encouragingly, more than half of the pupils (59%) identified that it is human activities which are destroying rainforests, 第十一题some personalising the responsibility by the use of terms such as w

13、e are. About 18% of the pupils referred specifically to logging activity.八One misconception, expressed by some 10% of the pupils, was that acid rain is responsible for rainforest destruction; a similar proportion said that pollution is destroying rainforests. Here, children are confusing rainforest

14、destruction with damage to the forests of Western Europe by these factors. While two fifths of the students provided the information that the rainforests provide oxygen, in some cases this response also embraced the misconception that rainforest destruction would reduce atmospheric oxygen, making th

15、e atmosphere incompatible with human life on Earth.九In answer to the final question about the importance of rainforest conservation, the majority of children simply said that we need rainforests to survive. 第十二题Only a few of the pupils (6%) mentioned that rainforest destruction may contribute to glo

16、bal warming. This is surprising considering the high level of media coverage on this issue. 第十三题Some children expressed the idea that the conservation of rainforests is not important.十The results of this study suggest that certain ideas predominate in the thinking of children about rainforests. Pupi

17、ls responses indicate some misconceptions in basic scientific knowledge of rainforests ecosystems such as their ideas about rainforests as habitats for animals, plants and humans and the relationship between climatic change and destruction of rainforests.十一Pupils did not volunteer ideas that suggest

18、ed that they appreciated the complexity of causes of rainforest destruction. In other words, they gave no indication of an appreciation of either the range of ways in which rainforests are important or the complex social, economic and political factors which drive the activities which are destroying

19、 the rainforests. One encouragement is that the results of similar studies about other environmental issues suggest that older children seem to acquire the ability to appreciate, value and evaluate conflicting views. Environmental education offers an arena in which these skills can be developed, whi

20、ch is essential for these children as future decision-makers.Questions 1-8Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIV

21、EN if there is no information on this1 The plight of the rainforests has largely been ignored by the media. FALSE2 Children only accept opinions on rainforests that they encounter in their classrooms. FALSE3 It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the pure science that they stu

22、dy at school. TRUE4 The fact that childrens ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them. TRUE5 The study involved asking children a number of yes/no questions such as Are there any rainforests in Africa FALSE6 Girls are more likely than boys to

23、 hold mistaken views about the rainforests destruction. NOT GIVEN7 The study reported here follows on from a series of studies that have looked at childrens understanding of rainforests. TRUE8 A second study has been planned to investigate primary school childrens ideas about rain forests. NOT GIVEN

24、直到最后都只字未提Questions 9-13The box below gives a list of responses A-P to the questionnaire discussed in ReadingPassage 1.Answer the following questions by choosing the correct responses A-P. Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.M 9 What was the childrens most frequent response when ask

25、ed where the rainforests were E 10 What was the most common response to the question about the importance of the rain forestsG 11 What did most children give as the reason for the loss of the rainforestsP 12 Why did most children think it important for the rainforests to be protectedJ 13 Which of th

26、e responses is cited as unexpectedly uncommon, given the amount of time spent on the issue by the newspapers and televisionA There is a complicated combination of reasons for the loss of the rain forests.B The rainforests are being destroyed by the same things that are destroying the forests of West

27、ern Europe.C Rainforests are located near the Equator.D Brazil is home to the rainforests.E Without rainforests some animals would have nowhere to live.F Rainforests are important habitats for a lot of plants.G People are responsible for the loss of the rainforests.H The rainforests are a source of

28、oxygen.I Rainforests are of consequence for a number of different reasons.J As the rainforests are destroyed, the world gets warmer.K Without rainforests there would not be enough oxygen in the air.L There are people for whom the rainforests are home.M Rainforests are found in Africa.N Rainforests a

29、re not really important to human life.O The destruction of the rainforests is the direct result of logging activity.P Humans depend on the rainforests for their continuing existence.Question 14Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, D or E.Write your answer in box 14 on your answer sheet.Which of the fo

30、llowing is the most suitable title for Reading Passage 1A The development of a programme in environmental studies within a science curriculumB Childrens ideas about the rainforests and the implications for course designC The extent to which children have been misled by the media concerning the rainf

31、orestsD How to collect, collate and describe the ideas of secondary school childrenE The importance of the rainforests and the reasons for their destructionREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.What Do Whales FeelAn examinati

32、on of the functioning of the senses in cetaceans鲸, the group of mammals哺乳动物 comprising包括 whales, dolphins and porpoises海豚一Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial陆生的 mammals take for granted are either reduced减弱的 or absent缺席的 不存在的 in cetaceans or fail to function well in water. For example, it appears from their brain structure that toothed有牙齿的 species are unable to smell. Baleen species,鲸须 on the other hand,