初一英语期末考试考点级副本.docx

1、初一英语期末考试考点级 副本一、代词:代词种类一（单）二（单）三（单男）三（单女）三（单物）一（复）二（复）三（复）人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey人称代词宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselvesv 动词和介词后接人称代词宾格。v 主格作主语；宾格作宾语（动词和介词）；v 名词性物主代

2、词=形容词性物主代词+名词二、1. 数词：基onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineten序firstsecondthirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtenth基eleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen序eleventhtwelfththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenth基twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyse

3、ventyeightyninety序twentieththirtiethfortiethfiftiethsixtiethseventietheightiethninetieth 2. 数词的应用： 3 thousand students; thousands of students 3 hundred students; hundreds of students 时间表达法：时间范围例子顺读法逆读法整点12:0012 oclock0 分钟303:25three twenty-fivetwenty five past three3:15three fifteena quarter past th

4、ree分钟=303:30three thirtyhalf past three30分钟603:40three fortytwenty to four3:45three forty-fivea quarter to four 年龄表达法：1. He is twelve years old. = He is twelve. = He is a twelve-year-old boy.The boy is eight years old.= He is eight.= He is an eight-year-old boy. 2. at the age of 在岁的时候 He began to le

5、arn English at the age of five. 数量的表达：1. 许多、大量lots of / a lot of + 可数名词复数和不可数名词many +可数名词复数much +不可数名词三、冠词: 1. 不定冠词（a; an ）v a university v a European wolfv an American girl v an African elephantv an Australian kangaroov an ideav a good ideav an English carv a useful book 2. 定冠词（the）:表示特指。v There is

6、 a bird in the tree. The bird is red.v the sun / the moon/ the earthv the first lessonv play the piano/ play the guitarv the old（老年人）/ the young（年轻人）v the Great Wall / the USAv the Green family= the Greens 格林一家人v in the morning/ in the afternoon/ in the evening3. 不用冠词的情况v 专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前不用冠词 America

7、 water Japanesev have breakfast/ have lunch/ have dinner/ have supperv play football / play basketball/ play volleyball/ play table tennisv by bus/ by bike/ by train/ by plane四、名词1. 单数变复数：| baby family boy monkey| sheep deer fish| tomatopotato hero photo| foot tooth zoo kangaroo| leaf knife wife wol

8、f shelf| American German Australian Englishman Frenchman Chinese| mousechildman man teacherwomanwoman doctor 2. 名词所有格：1. Jims room2. Jim and Toms room3. Jims and Toms rooms4. Childrens Day 儿童节5. Womens Day 妇女节6. Teachers Day 教师节7. a photo of my friends 8. a photo of mine3. 可数名词和不可数名词的量化：1. 数量（2）+ 可数

9、名词的复数2. 数量（2）+ 量词（bags/ boxes/ baskets） of + 可数名词的复数3. 数量（2）+ 量词（pieces/ boxes/bags/bottles/ bowls/cups）of + 不可数名词4. some / any + 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词 5. many +可数名词复数；much +不可数名词6. 可数名词复数表示一类（apples） ；不可数名词表示一类( Milk is healthy food.)五、时态：时态意义标志词肯定句否定句一般疑问句一般现在时1. 表示现在的状态。now, often ,always, never, sometim

10、es,usually; seldom;every (day, morning); once a week, on Sunday,at weekends主语+be(am, is are)主语+be +not+Be +主语.2. 表示经常性和习惯性的动作主语 +动词原形主语+dont +动词原形Do +主语+动词原形？主语（三）+动词的第三人称单数主语+doesnt +动词原形Does +主语+动词原形？现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作now, at the moment; right nowLook!Listen! ; Its seven oclock.主语+Be(am, is, are)+ V

11、-ing主语+be(am, is, are) not+ V-ingBe(am, is, are) +主语+ doing ?v 动词的变化形式：1. 第三人称单数：1. teach2. catch3. watch4. search5. study6. stay7. play8. say2. 现在分词：1. wait 2. eat3. see4. get5. sit6. run7. plan8. cut9. swim10. shop11. stop12. begin13. forget14. happen15. lie16. tie17. diev 注意事项：1. 有be动词，将be动词提前构成一

12、般疑问句，在be 动词后加not构成否定句，没有be动词借助于助动词do或does, 构成一般疑问句和否定句。2. 否定句或一般疑问句变回到肯定句，要将be动词还原；有助动词的去掉助动词，谓语动词根据主语变回到适当形式。3. 划线提问频度副词用疑问词: How often.六、动词不定式:动词不定式 肯定：to do (to 为不定式符号，无意义) 否定：not to do 省略to 的动词不定式：do (动词原形)v 作主语：(用It做形式宾语，真正的主语放在句后)1. It is important for us to learn English.2. It is kind of you

13、to help me.3. To learn English is important.4. Its a good idea to go to the park.5. Its great to hear from you. v 作宾语：1. want to do sth. 想做某事2. would like to do sth. 想要做某事3. like to do sth. (like doing sth.) 喜欢做某事4. plan to do sth. 计划做某事v 作宾语补足语：1. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 I want you to help me.2

14、. would like sb. to do sth. Would you like to help me?3. ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 The teacher asks me to listen to English every day.4. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 The teacher tells us to do homework at school.5. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 He invites me to watch football with him.6. help sb. to

15、 do sth. 帮助某人做某事 (help sb. do sth.) He often helps me to learn English.7. let sb do sth. Lets go home. Let me help you.8. watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事（动作完成） I often watch his sister play football over there. 9. watch sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事（动作在进行） I watch a girl playing football over there now. v 其他用法

16、：1. use sth. to do sth. 用做 He uses the computer to do homework.2. I have lots of homework to do. 3. My job is to learn English.4. Im glad to meet you.七、动名词：（-ing）v 作主语：1. Swimming is my favourite sport.2. Swimming and running are my favourite sport.3. Eating lots of vegetables is good for our health

17、.v 作宾语：1. finish doing sth. 完成做某事 I finish doing my homework.2. practice doing sth. 练习做某事 I often practice speaking English.3. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 Do you enjoy listening to music?4. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 He is busy learning English.5. What about doing sth.? (How about doing sth?)6. thank sb. f

18、or doing sth. 因为某事谢谢某人 Thank you for helping me.7. spend +(时间、金钱)+ (in) doing sth. 花（时间或金钱）做某事I spend 2 hours doing my homework. 我花了2小时做作业。I spend 200 yuan buying the skirt. 我花了200元买这条裙子。八、双宾语：v give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. He gives me a pen.= He gives a pen to me. send sb. sth.= send sth. to sb

19、. He sends me an email. = He sends an email to me. teach sb. sth.=teach sth. to sb. He teaches me English. =He teaches English to me. pass sb. sth.= pass sth. to sb. He passes me a cup of tea. = He passes a cup of tea to me.v buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. My mother buys me a book. = My mother buys

20、 a book to me. make sb. sth.= make sth. for sb. My mother makes me a cake.= My mother makes a cake for me. draw sb. sth.= draw sth. for sb. He draws me a picture. = He draws a picture for me.v give it / them to me 九、不定代词：v other, another, others 与the other的用法： A. , onethe other (one)（两者中）另一个 例：I hav

21、e two pens. One is red, the other (one) is blue. B. , onethe others / the other（多者中）其余的 例:I have four good friends. One is a doctor, the others are workers. C. , oneanother (one)（多者中）另一个 例：I have five brothers. One is a doctor, another is a driver ，the others are workers. D. , someothers （多者中）有些 例：T

22、he boys are on the farm. Some are planting trees, others are watering the flowers. E. , somethe others / the other ones（多者中）其余的 例：There are 15 books. Some are Chinese, the others are English. Some are Chinese, the other books are English.表否定表肯定可数few(几乎没有)a few(几个；一些)不可数little(几乎没有)a little(一点儿少许)v a

23、 few /few /a little / little 的用法：十、介词表达法：v 表时间：1. in the morning/ in the afternoon/ in the evening2. on Monday / Tuesday/ Wednesday3. on Monday morning4. on a snowy morning5. on a rainy day6. on the morning of October 1st7. at seven oclock8. for a long time/ for three hours9. at noon10. at night 11.

24、 at weekends12. on weekdays13. in 199814. in September, 199815. on September 10th, 1998 v 表地点1. at home2. at school 3. at the cinema4. in a school5. in a factory6. in China7. in Asia8. in the worldv 表位置1. in front of 在前面2. behind 在后面3. be opposite 在对面4. next to 紧挨着5. near 在附近6. beside 在旁边7. on the l

25、eft 在左边8. on the right 在右边9. in the front of 在（内部）的前面10. at the back of 在（内部）的后面11. in the middle of 在的中间12. betweenand 在两者之间13. under 在下面14. over 在上面（正上方）15. on 在上面（表面接触）v 辨析：1. on the tree There are some apples on the tree.2. in the tree There is a bird in the tree.1. on the wall There is a pictur

26、es on the wall.2. in the wall There are some windows in the wall.1. across 穿过（表面） Walk across the road.2. through 穿过（内部） Go through the park.十一、主谓一致： 主谓一致一般遵循以下三个原则： 语法一致原则,即谓语动词同主语在单复数形式上保持一致。如： She is a clever girl. We come from Dongying. He goes to school on foot every day. 概念一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语表

27、达的概念。如： My family are all well. Bread and milk are both good for our health. 就近一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数与最靠近它的主语保持一致。如： There is a book and some pencils on the desk.（1）人称、数的一致。如： I am an English teacher. The man studies English every holiday. The woman is called Mrs. Green.(2) 集体名词family, team, group, class作主语

28、时 如果强调整体这一概念,谓语动词用单数; His family is a big one. 如果强调集体成员,谓语动词用复数。The family are sitting at table.(3) 主语是抽象概念、不可数名词或由some，no，every，any与body，one，thing等组成的不定代词时，谓语动词用单数。如： Water is very important for everyone. Everyone likes swimming.(4) 动名词、动词不定时，谓语动词用单数。如： Watching TV too much is bad for our eyes. To

29、give is better than to receive.（5） 表示时间、金钱、度量、重量、距离等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作整体，谓语动词用单数。如：Two months is quite a long time。Five thousand kilometers is a long way.(6)有些名词如people，police等形式上是单数，意义上却是复数，故谓语动词用复数形式；而有些名词，如politics，maths，physics，news等形式上是复数，实为单数或不可数名词，其谓语动词用单数。如： Maths is more difficult than Chinese. The police are searching for the robber. No news is good news.（7）trousers, shoes, glasses, clothes等做主语时,谓语动词用复数; 但如果其前面有a /this pair of, a suit of, pairs/suits of 等量词,则往往跟p