北师大版高中英语必修五第9讲Unit15 Learning语法篇学生版教学文档.docx

1、北师大版高中英语必修五第9讲Unit15 Learning语法篇学生版教学文档Unit 15 Learning 语法篇 观察内容的选择，我本着先静后动，由近及远的原则，有目的、有计划的先安排与幼儿生活接近的，能理解的观察内容。随机观察也是不可少的，是相当有趣的，如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛虫等，孩子一边观察，一边提问，兴趣很浓。我提供的观察对象，注意形象逼真，色彩鲜明，大小适中，引导幼儿多角度多层面地进行观察，保证每个幼儿看得到，看得清。看得清才能说得正确。在观察过程中指导。我注意帮助幼儿学习正确的观察方法，即按顺序观察和抓住事物的不同特征重点观察，观察与说话相结合，在观察中积累词汇，理解词汇，如一次我

2、抓住时机，引导幼儿观察雷雨，雷雨前天空急剧变化，乌云密布，我问幼儿乌云是什么样子的，有的孩子说：乌云像大海的波浪。有的孩子说“乌云跑得飞快。”我加以肯定说“这是乌云滚滚。”当幼儿看到闪电时，我告诉他“这叫电光闪闪。”接着幼儿听到雷声惊叫起来，我抓住时机说：“这就是雷声隆隆。”一会儿下起了大雨，我问：“雨下得怎样?”幼儿说大极了，我就舀一盆水往下一倒，作比较观察，让幼儿掌握“倾盆大雨”这个词。雨后，我又带幼儿观察晴朗的天空，朗诵自编的一首儿歌：“蓝天高，白云飘，鸟儿飞，树儿摇，太阳公公咪咪笑。”这样抓住特征见景生情，幼儿不仅印象深刻，对雷雨前后气象变化的词语学得快，记得牢，而且会应用。我还在观察

3、的基础上，引导幼儿联想，让他们与以往学的词语、生活经验联系起来，在发展想象力中发展语言。如啄木鸟的嘴是长长的，尖尖的，硬硬的，像医生用的手术刀样，给大树开刀治病。通过联想，幼儿能够生动形象地描述观察对象。 _要练说，得练看。看与说是统一的，看不准就难以说得好。练看，就是训练幼儿的观察能力，扩大幼儿的认知范围，让幼儿在观察事物、观察生活、观察自然的活动中，积累词汇、理解词义、发展语言。在运用观察法组织活动时，我着眼观察于观察对象的选择，着力于观察过程的指导，着重于幼儿观察能力和语言表达能力的提高。 _我国古代的读书人,从上学之日起,就日诵不辍,一般在几年内就能识记几千个汉字,熟记几百篇文章,写出

4、的诗文也是字斟句酌,琅琅上口,成为满腹经纶的文人。为什么在现代化教学的今天,我们念了十几年书的高中毕业生甚至大学生,竟提起作文就头疼,写不出像样的文章呢?吕叔湘先生早在1978年就尖锐地提出:“中小学语文教学效果差,中学语文毕业生语文水平低,十几年上课总时数是9160课时,语文是2749课时,恰好是30%,十年的时间,二千七百多课时,用来学本国语文,却是大多数不过关,岂非咄咄怪事!”寻根究底,其主要原因就是腹中无物。特别是写议论文,初中水平以上的学生都知道议论文的“三要素”是论点、论据、论证,也通晓议论文的基本结构:提出问题分析问题解决问题,但真正动起笔来就犯难了。知道“是这样”,就是讲不出“

5、为什么”。根本原因还是无“米”下“锅”。于是便翻开作文集锦之类的书大段抄起来,抄人家的名言警句,抄人家的事例,不参考作文书就很难写出像样的文章。所以,词汇贫乏、内容空洞、千篇一律便成了中学生作文的通病。要解决这个问题,不能单在布局谋篇等写作技方面下功夫,必须认识到“死记硬背”的重要性,让学生积累足够的“米”。 1、条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。唐宋或更早之前，针对“经学”“律学”“算学”和“书学”各科目，其相应传授者称为“博士”，这与当今“博士”含义已经相去甚远。而对那些特别讲授“武事”或讲解“经籍”者，又称“讲师”。“教授”和“助教”均原为学官称谓。前者始于宋，乃“宗学”“律学”“医学”“武学”

6、等科目的讲授者；而后者则于西晋武帝时代即已设立了，主要协助国子、博士培养生徒。“助教”在古代不仅要作入流的学问，其教书育人的职责也十分明晰。唐代国子学、太学等所设之“助教”一席，也是当朝打眼的学官。至明清两代，只设国子监（国子学）一科的“助教”，其身价不谓显赫，也称得上朝廷要员。至此，无论是“博士”“讲师”，还是“教授”“助教”，其今日教师应具有的基本概念都具有了。 2、名词性从句中的虚拟语气。唐宋或更早之前，针对“经学”“律学”“算学”和“书学”各科目，其相应传授者称为“博士”，这与当今“博士”含义已经相去甚远。而对那些特别讲授“武事”或讲解“经籍”者，又称“讲师”。“教授”和“助教”均原为

7、学官称谓。前者始于宋，乃“宗学”“律学”“医学”“武学”等科目的讲授者；而后者则于西晋武帝时代即已设立了，主要协助国子、博士培养生徒。“助教”在古代不仅要作入流的学问，其教书育人的职责也十分明晰。唐代国子学、太学等所设之“助教”一席，也是当朝打眼的学官。至明清两代，只设国子监（国子学）一科的“助教”，其身价不谓显赫，也称得上朝廷要员。至此，无论是“博士”“讲师”，还是“教授”“助教”，其今日教师应具有的基本概念都具有了。 3、其他虚拟情况。一， 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气1. 虚拟语气在虚拟条件状语从句和主句中的用法：时间 虚拟条件状语从句谓语 主句谓语与现在事实相反 did(were) wou

8、ld/should/could/might + 动词原形与过去事实相反 had done would/should/could/might + have done与将来事实相反 did(were)/were to do/should do would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形例：If I had time, I would attend the important meeting.If you had followed my advice, you could have passed the exam.If you came/ were to come/shou

9、ld come tomorrow, we would hold the party.2. 省略if的虚拟条件句：在虚拟条件状语从句中，可省略if，把were, should, had提到句首，变为倒装句式。例：Should he come(=If he should come), I would tell him to ring you up.3. 错综时间条件句如果主句和从句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句。例：If you had followed the doctors advice, you would be better now.4. 含蓄条件句句中没有明显的虚拟

10、条件状语从句，而是利用其它手段来代替条件状语从句，如用but for, without, or, otherwise等。例：But for your help, we couldnt have succeed in the experiment.二， 名词性从句中的虚拟语气1. 在某些表示“命令，要求，建议”等的动词，名词以及形容词存在的主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句中的虚拟语气结构为：(should) + 动词原形。常这样用的动词有：一坚持：insist二命令：order, command四建议：suggest(suggestion n.), advise(advice n.),

11、propose(proposal n.), recommend五要求：require(requirement n.), request, demand, desire, urge例：The graduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south. （宾语从句）We agreed to order that the task(should) be completed. （同位语从句）His demand is that the boy(should) go with them. （表语从句）It is suggested that t

12、he meeting (should) be put off till next. （主语从句）当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意时，insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”之意时，后接的宾语从句应当用陈述语气。例：His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.2. 在would rather后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气宾语从句的谓语如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。例：I would rather I left now.I would rather you came next

13、month.I would rather he had passed the exam.3. 在wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气分类 从句谓语与现在事实相反 did(were)与过去事实相反 had done与将来事实相反 would/could/might + 动词原形例：I wish you would go with us tomorrow.I wish I had told him the way to the supermarket.I wish that I were a bird.三， 其他虚拟情况1. 在if only引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气分类 从句谓语与现在事实相反 did

14、(were)与过去事实相反 had done与将来事实相反 would/could/might + 动词原形例：If only I were younger now.If only I had known the news earlier.only if表示“只有（才）”，引导条件状语从句，不用虚拟语气。例：I told him he would succeed only if he worked hard.2. 虚拟语气在as if/as though（好像）引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中的用法分类 从句谓语与现在事实相反 did(were)与过去事实相反 had done例：He look

15、s as if he were an artist.I remember it clearly as if it had happened yesterday.当句子叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生的或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。例：It sounds as if it is raining.3. 用于Its(high/ right) time(that)“是该干的时候了”句型中，从句中谓语动词用过去式或“should+动词原形”。例：Its (high) time that you went/ should go to bed. 例1. My grandpa insisted that he

16、 _ injured and _ to the hospital.A. be, be sentB. was, was sentC. be, was sentD. was, be sent例 2. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _ it?A. Had done B. Have done C. didD. am doing 例3. （2019北京丰台高三二模）Sorry indeed, I _ your wedding if I had been in Beijing.Forget it. I

17、 know you were out on business.A. attended B. had attendedC. would attendD. would have attended例4. （2019北京通州高三一模）If he _ my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followedB. should followC. would followD. had followed 例5. （2019北京通州高三二模）We would have won if we _ thousands of fans screaning.A. had ha

18、dB. hadC. have hadD. Have基础演练一，单项选择。1. My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend.A. Should B. might C. could D. would2. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.A. was B. be C. were D. is 3. Where are the children? The dinners going to be co

19、mpletely ruined.I wish they _ always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been4. If only I _ more confidence in the English speech contest held last week.A. would have B. have had C. had had D. have5. Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead of just tal

20、king.A. will do B. has done C. do D. did6. Id appreciate _ if you could teach me how to use the computer.A. that B. it C. this D. you7. What impresses me most is _ he appears in front of others, he wears a science and charming smile.A. which B. that C. where D. that whatever8. （2019北京房山高三二模）Without

21、your good advice of learning English, I _ the test last week.A. didnt pass B. wouldnt pass C. wouldnt have passed D. hadnt passed9. （2019北京丰台高三一模）With a little more care, you _ the traffic accident. Its lucky that you just hurt your arm.A. can avoid B. avoided C. had avoided D. could have avoided10.

22、 （2019北京东城高三二模）I might speak French fluently if I _ the chance to stay in France for some time.A. am being given B. were given C. will be given D. would be given巩固提高一， 完成句子。1. 他们究竟去哪里了？我不知道，但我希望我知道。Where on earth have they gone?I have no idea, but I wish I _(know).2. 他明天要来。但我宁愿他后天来。He will come tomo

23、rrow.But Id rather he _(come) the day after tomorrow.3. 你该做家务活了。It is high time that you _ _ the housework.4. 要是某一天我能到月球上去多好啊！If only I _ _ to the moon one day.5. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里。He talks about Roman as if he _ _ there before.一，单项选择。1. I need time to _ on what you offered.A. consider B. reflect C. i

24、magine D. suggest 2. A friend is like a mirror. When you stand in front of a true friend, what is _ back to you.A. reflecting B. to reflect C. being reflected D. been reflected3. Playing video games can make children aggressive and _ attention disorders. So children who play video games a lot seem t

25、o have more trouble in school.A. contribute to B. result fromC. lie in D. come about4. It is hard for such a little children to _ the difference between right and wrong.A. select B. distinguish C. instruct D. reflect 5. The success of a marriage depends on the extent _ which you are prepared to work

26、 at it.A. to B. in C. on D. of6. Excuse me, you are supposed to hand in your design now.Im sorry, my computer broke down, or I _ it last night.A. finished B. would finish C. had finished D. would have finished7. The employee talked about his education background, but the manager would rather he _ mo

27、re on his working experience,A. focus B. focused C. occupy D. reflect 8. Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow 二，根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Do you like the school?Yeah. I only wish the classes

28、_(be) a little smaller.2. With the Spring Festival approaching, the experts suggestion that tickets _(book) online is of vital practice.3. Experts suggest that people should _(take) up some hobbies, which may help reduce pressure and depression.4. George is going to talk about the geography of his c

29、ountry, but Id rather he _(focus) more on its culture.5. The story is so vividI feel as if I _(be) there.6. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _(be) more careful when driving.7. He is a poorly learned man, bet he acts as though he _(be)._一，完型填空。Abraham Lincoln (亚伯拉罕.林肯) was born in 1809. At that time, the United States did not look like the 1 that we know today. There were 2 states, as you can see on the 3 . Most of the states were in the East and the South, and