英语长难句详细笔记超详细527.docx

1、英语长难句详细笔记超详细527长难句详细笔记1. 简单句和并列句 1. Computer is now playing a very important part in our lives, but computer, like other things, has both advantages and disadvantages. 分析：此句由具转折意义的but引导的两个并列句。前半句是进行时态，play a very important part in在起到非常重要的作用。 译文：计算机在我们的生活正起着非常重要的作用，但像其它东西一样，计算机也有其优缺点。 2. All this imp

2、oses a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. 参考译文：所有这些给学生们施加了很大的压力，尽管如此，学生们还是积极参加学生活动。3. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and old o

3、ne has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is. 参考译文：老人和年轻人之间只有一个区别：年轻人前程似锦，而老年人已日暮西山。这也许就是问题关键之所在。 4. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. 主体句式：Innovation is like soccer. 结构分析：本句中包含

4、了两个分句，其中后一个分句的主语是the best players，谓语由两个并列结构构成，分别是miss和have their shots blocked。最后的“much more frequently than they score”作为状语，起到比较说明的作用。 译文：发明及创新几乎都是艰苦的试验和失败的产物。创新就像踢足球，即使是最出色的球员也会痛失进球机会，其射门被挡出的机会大大多于进球的机会。 5. “The shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen

5、employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. 分析：整体上是两个并列句。as such是修饰前面的定语，后面有几个介词短语定语结构和一个定语从句in which he held shares) 译文：这样的股东不了解他们持股公司里的工人的生活、思想和需要。他们对劳资关系并没有好的影响。 6. Interest in historical methods has arisen less through ex

6、ternal challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. 分析：本句为简单句结构，has arisen谓语，后面跟两个并列的状语，less throughand more fromthemselves 是比较结构，意为“主要不是因为而是因为”challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline意为“对历史作

7、为一门学科的正确性存在 异议”。 译文：人们之所以关注历史研究的方法，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学科。 7. The returns in the short term may be small, but over a number of years the investment will be well repaid. 分析：此句由具转折意义的but引导的两个并列句。over a number of years是时间状语，意为“经过一些年，多年后”。 译文：短期内这笔投资的收益可能很小，然而，多年后其回报会不错。 8. Discoveries in sci

8、ence and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. 分析：简单句。Discoveries in science and technology是主语部分；谓语部分是被动语态。 译文：“无知”的人们认为科技发明产生于头脑中的一闪念或是不寻常的偶然事件的产物。 9. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced

9、 medical intervention, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology. 分析：简单句。unable to live without advanced medical intervention是相当于定语从句的形容词短语，用来修饰前面的主语 译文：越来越多的人逐渐变得越来越离不开昂贵的（医疗）技术，因为他们没有先进的医疗条件的介入就无法生存。 10. Part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound at this point

10、 in a business cycle, and is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. 分析：简单句，有两个并列的表语部分 译文：近来出现的增长，部分是由于商业运作这一环节中出现的正常反弹，而不能作为结论性的证据来说明基本趋势出现复苏。 11. Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends upon the evidence from experience conc

11、erning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability. 分析：简单句。Whethersituation为不定式作主语，depends upon动词短语后接两个并列的宾语。 译文：在某一特定的情况下，究竟是采用测试还是其他各类的信息，或者两者同时使用，须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。 12. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundr

12、ed years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. 分析：本句由and连接两个并列分句，前者含被动语态和比较结构，后面的分句in shaping and 是介词短语作定语 译文：自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百年前就已被阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。 13. Science moves fo

13、rward not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 分析：简单句，not so muchas意为“与其说不如说” 译文：科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。 14. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, re

14、ligion, parliamentary coverage, childrens pragrammes and films for an annual license fee of 83 pounds per household. 主体句式：They are brought 结构分析：本句的主干句中使用了被动语态，其主语they指的是上文提到的BBC的观众和听众。brought后面的所有内容都是宾语，这也正是本句使用被动语态的原因，可以把内容较为重要的宾语放在最后，避免头重脚轻。 译文：他们只要每户每年交纳83英镑的许可费，就能够收到丰富多彩的节目，包括体育、喜剧、戏剧、音乐、新闻时事、教育

15、、宗教、议会报道、儿童节目以及电影节目等。 15. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally det

16、ached from the responsible management of business.主体句式：Impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased 结构分析：本句的主干部分集中在第一个逗号前面，逗号后面的an element是shareholders的同位语，起到补充说明的作用，“representing irresponsible wealth”是定语，后面两个以and连接的detached from是修饰wealth的定语。 译文：这种大规模的对资本与企业的非个人操纵大大地增加了股东作为一个阶层的

17、数量及其重要性。他们是国民生活的重要部分，代表着非责任性的财富，不仅与土地及土地所有者的责任相分离，而且几乎也同样与企业的责任经营脱离。 2 三大六小从句 1. If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the ine

18、dible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties. 参考译文：如果你是你谈话听众中的一员，你就能够了解你们所共有的经历和问题，你就可对餐厅极难吃的食物或者领导在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足。 2. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and

19、 nations as in the recent events in Europe. 参考译文：电视是产生并表达这些感受的众多手段之一最近欧洲发生的事件表明：在联系不同民族和国家方面，电视扮演了越来越重大的作用。 3. Specialists in history and economics, have shown two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was marked by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have

20、actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace. 参考译文：历史和经济方面的专家指出了两点：一是1650至1750之间的时期确实是非常贫困，二是工业化肯定并未恶化、而是可能实际改善了大多数人的生活条件。 4. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their

21、 own judgments. 参考译文：律师的评论和反应当然能够提升新闻报道的价值，但是，记者们最好还是依靠自己对于事件重要性的认识来做出判断。 5. In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earths postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day. 参考译文：在这个像是计算机史前时代的时代，地球的战后时代，人们普遍担忧有

22、一天计算机会取代人类控制世界。 6. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material. 参考译文：回收也能够通过创造就业机会来刺激本地经济，治理污染，通过给企业提供更加精练的原材料达到减少能源消耗的目的。 7. But speech has to be in

23、duced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child , where the mother recognizes the signals in the child s babbling (咿呀学语) , grasping and smiling, and responds to them 主体句式：But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction. 结构分析：本句是一个以and连接的并列句，但其后半句内容比较多，显然是全句的重心。W

24、here引导的定语从句修饰前面的短句“interaction between the mother and the child”，而最后一个逗号后面的内容是对这个定语从句内容的补充说明。 译文：但是说话需要得到诱导，这取决于母亲与孩子之间的交流，在这种交流中母亲要从孩子的咿呀学语、手势和微笑中认出一些语言信号，并且对这些信号做出反应。 8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in

25、 our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. 主体句式：The great interest indicates the strong feeling. 结构分析：本句的主语“The great interest”后面的“in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades”是修饰主语的

26、定语。宾语“the strong feeling”后面that引导一个同位语“all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities”，其中“whatever their special conditions”作为一个插入的状语修饰all citizens。 译文：过去30年间公共教育所表现出的对特殊儿童的巨大关注表明了存在于我们社会中的那种强烈的感受，即所有公民，不论情况特殊与否，都应该得到全面发展其能力的机会。 9. That c

27、oncept implies educational opportunity for all children-the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. 主体句式：That concept implies educational opportunity. 结构分析：本句的主句在破折号之前，破折号后面的内容起到补充说明前面内容的作用。其中whether引导的让步状语从句使用虚拟语

28、气，因此动词为原型be。 译文：这一概念暗示了所有儿童都有接受教育的机会即每个儿童，不管其本身的能力大小与否，都有权利在学习上最大限度地得到帮助。 10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. 主体句式：No regular advertiser

29、dare promote a product that 结构分析：本句开头是一个介词结构作为状语，其中the fact后面跟了一个由that引导的同位语从句“that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising”。主句的结构相对较为简单，其中宾语a product后面跟了一个that 引导的定语从句。 译文：除了国会制定的27项法案对广告的内容有所规定之外，没有哪个正规的广告商敢促销与广告不符的产品。 11.Technically, any substance other than food that alte

30、rs our bodily or mental function is a drug. 分析：that alters our bodily or mental function是定语从句修饰前面名词substance；other than除了 译文：从技术角度讲，除食物以外的任何能改变我们生理和心理机能的物质都是药物。 12. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the ex

31、periments. 分析：本句中有两个定语从句，it prepares和who watch the experiments；far lessthan意为“与其说不如说” 译文：在实践中，科学与其说依靠事先准备的实验，不如说依靠实验观察者有所准备的头脑。13. The Aswan Dam stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods leftall in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of sil

32、t that it barely generates electricity. 分析：复合句The Aswan Dam是主语，后面跟两个并列的谓语部分，其中that floods left是定语从句；破折号后which引导的定语从句中有一个sothat结构，是结果状语从句。 译文：阿斯旺大坝拦住了尼罗河的洪水，但使埃及失去了洪水冲击过后留下的肥沃土壤，换回来的却是一个病态的大水库，现在水库积满泥沙，几乎发不出来电。 14. Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that theres no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done. 分析：that theres是realization的同位语从句。the way可解释为省去介词的状语。 译文：创造性思维也许仅仅意味着意识到用常人做事情的方法去做事就没有什么独特的价值。 15. The fact that the gold