过去分词及练习.docx

1、过去分词及练习考点一、过去分词作定语1. 单个过去分词作定语。单个过去分词作定语时，常常放在被修饰的词语之前。例如：Autumn comes, and there are many fallen leaves on the street.We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 注意：如果单个过去分词所修饰的词语为不定代词nothing,anything,something 或指示代词those,this,these 等时，过去分词常常放在被修饰的词语后面。例如：There is noth

2、ing changed in my hometown since 1999.2. 过去分词短语作定语。过去分词短语作定语，常常放在被修饰的词语之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：Most of the guests invited to my birthday party were my school friends. = Most of the guests who were invited to my birthday party were my school friends.The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的

3、音乐会大为成功. 3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人. 4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关. The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.注意区别：1.非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式： the bridge to

4、be built 将要建造的桥 （表示将来的被动的动作） the bridge being built 正在建造的桥 （表示正在进行的被动动作） the bridge built 造好的桥 （表示完成的被动动作） 2.过去分词和ing分词作定语的区别： 过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语： boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水 developed countries发展的国家 developing countries发展中国家 fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 changed condit

5、ion改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况 由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。 考点二、过去分词作表语1. 过去分词用作表语时，通常说明主语所处的状态或感受等。例如：I noticed the doors and windows were locked when I came to see him.She seemed terribly shocked upon hearing the sad news.过去分词和ing分词作表语的区别： 过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，修饰人；而-ing

6、分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，修饰物.如： Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶 The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。 They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。 At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears. 看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。 英语中这样的分

7、词还有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。实战演练：1. The water in this glass is too hot. I prefer some

8、 cold _ water.A. to boil B. having boiled C. boiled D. boiling2. The problem just _ is an important one.A. to be referred to B. referred to C. referring to D. referred 3. A man was killed.Where is the body of the _ man? A. murder B. murdered C. murdering D. having murdered4. China Daily, first _ in

9、1980, is very popular with students of English in China.A. published B. was published C. having published D. having been published5. The great hall was crowded with many people, _ many children _ on their parents laps.A. including; seated B. including; seating C. including; sat D. included; sitting6

10、. How did Bob do in the exam this time? Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please7. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying8. Whats the main purpose of tonights meeting?W

11、e are going to talk about the problem _ at the last meeting.A. discussed B. discussing C. being discussed D. having discussed9. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written10. How do you d

12、eal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; makingD. to solve; made Key: 15 CBBAA 610 CBADB考点三过去分词作宾语补足语及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语是过去分词动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。常见的情况有下列几种：一、表示

13、“致使”意义的动词。如: have, make, get, keep, leave等。(1) Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。(3) Dont leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。(4) He managed to get the task finished on time. 他设法按时完成了任务。注意：使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如： He had his hai

14、r cut yesterday. 他昨天理发了。 Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.后来，这个中心让人种了很多树。 主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如： He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。 He had one eye lost in the war. 在战争中，他失去了一只眼睛。 【高考链接】1. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way

15、to have her written English _ in a short period. (福建卷)A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve2. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. (全国II卷)A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard二、表示感觉或心理状态的动词. 如: see, watch, observe, l

16、ook at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think ，find等。I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。She saw the wounded man carried into the hospital. 她看到这个受伤的男人被抬进了医院。【高考链接】To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as mu

17、ch as we can. (2008 江苏卷) A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak三、表“希望，要求”的动词：want, wish, expect, wish, like, order+ (to be) done如：I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday.Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned【高考链接】She wants her paintings _ in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very p

18、opular. (上海)A. display B. to display C. displaying D. displayed四、with/without+宾语+过去分词，表示伴随情况的独立结构。如：With everything taken into consideration, we all think this is a very good plan. 每件事都考虑到了，我们都认为这是一项不错的计划。 With different methods used, different results are obtained. 采用不同的方法，得到不同的结果。 She went angrily

19、 away without a word spoken. 她一个字也没说，就生气地走了。The day ended with nothing settled. 那一天什么也没解决就结束了。【高考链接】1. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much. (2008 福建卷)A. for B. when C. with D. while2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accept

20、ed it. (2007安徽卷)A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished考点四过去分词作状语过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。 Accepted by the Party, he decided to d

21、evote his life to the cause of the Party. 入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。 表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如： Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。 Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。 表条件，相

22、当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如： Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。 Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.和你哥哥相比你应该更加努力学英语。 If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。 表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如： Exhausted by the running,

23、they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽他们还是继续追赶那个强盗。 Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。 表方式或伴随情况。如： The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。 Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作

24、问题。 过去分词作状语应注意以下几点。一、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系(1) 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。【高考链接1】_ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009福建卷)A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having remi

25、nded【答题指导】分词在句子中作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。比较：Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful. (our city与see之间是被动关系)Seeing from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. ( we与see之间是主谓关系)(2) 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidd

26、en(躲)；lost in(沉迷于)；dressed in(穿着)。由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法，如frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed等。如：Surprised at what had happened, Tom didnt know what to do. 汤姆对发生的一切非常惊讶，以至于不知如何是好。【高考链接2】_and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. (2009浙江卷)A. To be tried

27、 B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired 二、过去分词作状语所表示的意义过去分词作状语时表示时间、条件、原因、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。如：Looked (=If it is looked) at a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful. 隔着一段距离看，这幅画似乎要漂亮得多。The cup fell down to the ground, broken. = The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken.茶

28、杯掉到了地上，碎了。【高考链接3】_the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. (2009江西卷) A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given 【高考链接4】Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _with his old one. (2009重庆卷)A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. com

29、pared 三、“连词+过去分词”结构根据主句主语和从句主语一致且从句含有动词be时可省略从句主语和动词be的原则，可把状语从句变换为“连词+过去分词”结构。常用的连词有if, unless, when, as, once, even if/ even though, as if, though/ although等。如：I wont attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited). 除非被邀请，否则我不去参加他的生日晚会。【高考链接5】Every evening after dinner, if not _fro

30、m work, I will spend some time walking my dog.(2009湖南卷) A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired 四、 独立主格结构 由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。 （一）独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+名词名词(代词)+现在分词 名词(代词)+ 过去分词名词(代词)+形容词 名词(代词)+副词 名词(代词)+不定式 名词(代词) +介词短语构成独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相

31、当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况。 1、名词或代词主格 + 现在分词Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.= The winter comes, and it gets colder and colder.The girl staring at him, he didnt know what to say. =As the girl stared at him, he didnt know what to sayTime permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper. 2.名词或代词主格 + 过去分词The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 实验做完了,同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed