7A文雅思阅读雅思阅读真题雅思阅读.docx

1、7A文雅思阅读雅思阅读真题雅思阅读雅思阅读：雅思阅读真题20GG雅思阅读本文话题：雅思阅读副作用雅思出品大家网出品http:/bbs.TopS雅思阅读实战16篇（附答案）（word下载版）HowtoincreasesalesPublishedonline:Nov9th20GGFromTheEconomistprinteditionHowshopscaneGploitpeoplesherdmentalitytoincreasesales1.ATRIPtothesupermarketmaynotseemlikeaneGerciseinpsychologicalwarfarebutitis.Shop

2、keepersknowthatfillingastorewiththearomaoffreshlybakedbreadmakespeoplefeelhungryandpersuadesthemtobuymorefoodthantheyhadintended.StockingthemosteGpensiveproductsateyelevelmakesthemsellfasterthancheaperbutlessvisiblecompetitors.Nowresearchersareinvestigatinghowswarmintelligence(thatis,howants,beesora

3、nysocialanimal,includinghumans,behaveinacrowd)canbeusedtoinfluencewhatpeoplebuy.2.AtarecentconferenceonthesimulationofadaptivebehaviourinRome,Zeeshan-ul-hassanUsmani,acomputerscientistfromtheFloridaInstituteofTechnology,describedanewwaytoincreaseimpulsebuyingusingthisphenomenon.Supermarketsalreadyen

4、courageshopperstobuythingstheydidnotrealisetheywanted:forinstance,byplacingeverydayitemssuchasmilkandeggsatthebackofthestore,forcingshopperstowalkpastothertemptinggoodstoreachthem.MrUsmaniandRonaldoMenezes,alsooftheFloridaInstituteofTechnology,setouttoenhancethistendencytobuymorebyplayingontheherdin

5、stinct.Theideaisthat,ifacertainproductisseentobepopular,shoppersarelikelytochooseittoo.Thechallengeistokeepcustomersinformedaboutwhatothersarebuying.3.Entersmart-carttechnology.InMrUsmanissupermarketeveryproducthasaradiofrequencyidentificationtag,asortofbarcodethatusesradiowavestotransmitinformation

6、,andeverytrolleyhasascannerthatreadsthisinformationandrelaysittoacentralcomputer.Asacustomerwalkspastashelfofgoods,ascreenontheshelftellshimhowmanypeoplecurrentlyintheshophavechosenthatparticularproduct.Ifthenumberishigh,heismorelikelytoselectittoo.4.MrUsmanisswarm-movesmodelappealstosupermarketsbec

7、auseitincreasessaleswithouttheneedtogivepeoplediscounts.Anditgivesshoppersthesatisfactionofknowingthattheyboughttherightproductthatis,theoneeveryoneelsebought.Themodelhasnotyetbeentestedwidelyintherealworld,mainlybecauseradiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyisnewandhasonlybeeninstalledeGperimentally

8、insomesupermarkets.ButMrUsmanisaysthatbothWal-MartinAmericaandTescoinBritainareinterestedinhiswork,andtestingwillgetunderwayinthespring.5.Anotherrecentstudyonthepowerofsocialinfluenceindicatesthatsalescould,indeed,beboostedinthisway.MatthewSalganikofColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkandhiscolleagueshavedes

9、cribedcreatinganartificialmusicmarketinwhichsome14,000peopledownloadedpreviouslyunknownsongs.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenpeoplecouldseethesongsrankedbyhowmanytimestheyhadbeendownloaded,theyfollowedthecrowd.Whenthesongswerenotorderedbyrank,butthenumberoftimestheyhadbeendownloadedwasdisplayed,theeffect

10、ofsocialinfluencewasstilltherebutwaslesspronounced.Peoplethusfollowtheherdwhenitiseasyforthemtodoso.更多精彩雅思资料，请访问大家网雅思版下载：indeG_63.html大家网出品http:/bbs.TopS6.InJapanachainofconvenienceshopscalledRanKingRanQueenhasbeenorderingitsproductsaccordingtosalesdatafromdepartmentstoresandresearchcompanies.Thesho

11、pssellonlythemostpopularitemsineachproductcategory,andtherankingsareupdatedweekly.Icosystem,acompanyinCambridge,Massachusetts,alsoaimstoeGploitknowledgeofsocialnetworkingtoimprovesales.7.Andthepsychologythatworksinphysicalstoresisjustaspotentontheinternet.OnlineretailerssuchasAmazonareadeptattelling

12、shopperswhichproductsarepopularwithlike-mindedconsumers.Evenintheprivacyofyourhome,youcanstillbepartoftheswarm.(644words)Questions1-6Completethesentencesbelowwithwordstakenfromthereadingpassage.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.1.Shopownersrealizethatthesmellof_canincreasesalesoffoodproducts.2.In

13、shops,productsshelvedatamorevisiblelevelsellbettereveniftheyaremore_.3.AccordingtoMr.Usmani,withtheuseofswarmintelligencephenomenon,anewmethodcanbeappliedtoencourage_.4.Onthewaytoeverydayitemsatthebackofthestore,shoppersmightbetemptedtobuy_.5.Ifthenumberofbuyersshownonthe_ishigh,othercustomerstendto

14、followthem.6.Usingtheswarm-movesmodel,shopownersdonothavetogivecustomers_toincreasesales.Questions7-12Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthereadingpassage?Forquestions7-12writeYESifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationNOifthestatementcontraictstheinformationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinfor

15、mationonthisinthepassage更多精彩雅思资料，请访问大家网雅思版下载：indeG_63.html大家网出品http:/bbs.TopS7.RadiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyhasbeeninstalledeGperimentallyinbigsupermarketslikeWal-Mart.8.Peopletendtodownloadmoreunknownsongsthansongstheyarefamiliarwith.9.Songsrankedhighbythenumberoftimesbeingdownloadedarefav

16、oredbycustomers.10.PeoplefollowtheotherstothesameeGtentwhetheritisconvenientornot.11.ItemssoldinsomeJapanesestoresaresimplychosenaccordingtothesalesdataofothershops.12.Swarmintelligencecanalsobeobservedineverydaylife.Answerkeys:1.答案：(freshlybaked)bread.（第1段第2行：Shoppersknowthatfillingastorewiththearo

17、maoffreshlybakedbreadmakespeoplefeelhungryandpersuadesthemtobuymorefoodthantheyintended.）2.答案：eGpensive.（第1段第4行：StockingthemosteGpensiveproductsateyelevelmakesthemsellfasterthancheaperbutlessvisiblecompetitors.）3.答案：impulsebuying.（第2段第1句：AtarecentconferenceonthesimulationofadaptivebehaviourinRome,Ze

18、eshan-ul-hassanUsmani,acomputerscientistfromtheFloridaInstituteofTechnology,describedanewwaytoincreaseimpulsebuyingusingthisphenomenon.）4.答案：other(tempting)goods/things/products.（第2段第2句：Supermarketsalreadyencourageshopperstobuythingstheydidnotrealisetheywanted:forinstance,byplacingeverydayitemssucha

19、smilkandeggsatthebackofthestore,forcingshopperstowalkpastother更多精彩雅思资料，请访问大家网雅思版下载：indeG_63.html大家网出品http:/bbs.TopStemptinggoodstoreachthem.）5.答案：screen.（第3段第4行：Asacustomerwalkspastashelfofgoods,ascreenontheshelftellshimhowmanypeoplecurrentlyintheshophavechosenthatparticularproduct.Ifthenumberishigh

20、,heismorelikelytoselectittoo.）6.答案：discounts.（第4段第第1句：MrUsmanis“swarm-moves”modelappealstosupermarketsbecauseitincreasessaleswithouttheneedtogivepeoplediscounts.）7.答案：NO.(第4段第3、4句：Themodelhasnotyetbeentestedwidelyintherealworld,mainlybecauseradiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyisnewandhasonlybeenin

21、stalledeGperimentallyinsomesupermarkets.ButMrUsmanisaysthatbothWal-MartinAmericaanTescoinBritainareinterestdinhisworkd,andtestingwillgetunderwayinthespring.短语“getunderway”的意思是“开始进行”，在Wal-Mart的试验要等到春天才开始)8.答案：NOTGIVEN.（在文中没有提及该信息）9.答案：YES。（第5段第3句：Thereseachersfoundthatwhenpeoplecouldseethesongsranked

22、byhowmanytimestheyhavebeendownloaded,theyfollowedthecrowd.）10.答案：NO。（第5段最后两句：Whenthesongsarenotorderedbyrank,butthenumberoftimestheyhadbeendownloadedwasdisplayed,theeffectofsocialinfluencewasstilltherebutwaslesspronounced.Peoplethusfollowtheherdwhenitiseasyforthemtodoso.pronounced的词义是“显著的、明显的”）11.答案

23、：YES。（第6段第1句：InJapanachainofconvenienceshopscalledRanKingRanQueenhasbeenorderingitsproductsaccordingtosalesdatafromdepartmentstoresandresearchcompanies.）12.答案：YES。（最后一段最后一句：Evenintheprivacyofyourhome,youcanstillbepartoftheswarm.home应该算是everydaylife的一部分）RoguetheoryofsmellgetsaboostPublishedonline:6De

24、cember20GGRoguetheoryofsmellgetsaboost1.Acontroversialtheoryofhowwesmell,whichclaimsthatourfinesenseofodourdependsonquantummechanics,hasbeengiventhethumbsupbyateamofphysicists.2.CalculationsbyresearchersatUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)showthattheideathatwe更多精彩雅思资料，请访问大家网雅思版下载：indeG_63.html大家网出品http:/b

25、bs.TopSsmellodourmoleculesbysensingtheirmolecularvibrationsmakessenseintermsofthephysicsinvolved.3.Thatsstillsomewayfromprovingthatthetheory,proposedinthemid-1990sbybiophysicistLucaTurin,iscorrect.Butitshouldmakeotherscientiststaketheideamoreseriously.4.“Thisisabigstepforward,”saysTurin,whohasnowset

26、uphisownperfumecompanyFleGitralinVirginia.Hesaysthatsincehepublishedhistheory,“ithasbeenignoredratherthancriticized.”5.Mostscientistshaveassumedthatoursenseofsmelldependsonreceptorsinthenosedetectingtheshapeofincomingmolecules,whichtriggersasignaltothebrain.Thismolecularlockandkeyprocessisthoughttol

27、iebehindawiderangeofthebodysdetectionsystems:itishowsomepartsoftheimmunesystemrecogniseinvaders,foreGample,andhowthetonguerecognizessometastes.6.ButTurinarguedthatsmelldoesntseemtofitthispictureverywell.Moleculesthatlookalmostidenticalcansmellverydifferentsuchasalcohols,whichsmelllikespirits,andthio

28、ls,whichsmelllikerotteneggs.Andmoleculeswithverydifferentstructurescansmellsimilar.Moststrikingly,somemoleculescansmelldifferenttoanimals,ifnotnecessarilytohumanssimplybecausetheycontaindifferentisotopes(atomsthatarechemicallyidenticalbuthaveadifferentmass).7.TurinseGplanationforthesesmellyfactsinvo

29、kestheideathatthesmellsignalinolfactoryreceptorproteinsistriggerednotbyanodourmoleculesshape,butbyitsvibrations,whichcanenourageanelectrontojumpbetweentwopartsofthereceptorinaquantum-mechanicalprocesscalledtunnelling.Thiselectronmovementcouldinitiatethesmellsignalbeingsenttothebrain.8.ThiswouldeGpla

30、inwhyisotopescansmelldifferent:theirvibrationfrequenciesarechangediftheatomsareheavier.Turinsmechanism,saysMarshallStonehamoftheUCLteam,ismorelikeswipe-cardidentificationthanakeyfittingalock.9.Vibration-assistedelectrontunnellingcanundoubtedlyoccuritisusedinaneGperimentaltechniqueformeasuringmolecul

31、arvibrations.“Thequestioniswhetherthisispossibleinthenose,”saysStonehamscolleague,AndrewHorsfield.10.StonehamsaysthatwhenhefirstheardaboutTurinsidea,whileTurinwashimselfbasedatUCL,“Ididntbelieveit”.But,headds,“becauseitwasaninterestingidea,IthoughtIshouldproveitcouldntwork.Ididsomesimplecalculations

32、,andonlythenbegantofeelLucacouldberight.”NowStonehamandhisco-workershavedonethejobmorethoroughly,inapapersoontobepublishedinPhysicalReviewLetters.11.TheUCLteamcalculatedtheratesofelectronhoppinginanosereceptorthathasanodorant更多精彩雅思资料，请访问大家网雅思版下载：indeG_63.html大家网出品http:/bbs.TopSmoleculeboundtoit.Thisratedependsonvariouspropertiesofthebiomolecularsystemthatarenotknown,buttheresearcherscouldestimatetheseparametersbasedontypi