1718版 第2部分 专题3 非谓语动词.docx

1、1718版 第2部分 专题3 非谓语动词专题三非谓语动词非谓语动词的考查要点1动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题(1)不定式作表语与“beto do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质；“beto do sth.”则表示按计划要做的事。My job is to teach English.(说明内容)He is to go abroad.(按计划要做的事)(2)后接不定式作宾语的词语。下列词语常接不定式作宾语：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，pr

2、efer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等。下列词语后可接“疑问词不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。动词(短语)see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，taste，smell，make，let，have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to，此时的不定式就是主语补足语。常用不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语ask/require/tell/order/for

3、ce/get/want/likesb.to do sth.主语think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/feelsb.to be/to have done主语call on/upon/depend on/wait for/ask forsb.to do sth.(4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑

4、上有主谓关系。There is no one to look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is now looking for a room to live in.(5)不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，在句中主要表示目的、结果、原因等。only to do表示出人意料的结果。We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.in order(not)to，so as(not)to用来引导目的状语；enough.to，so.as to do，such名词.as to do作结果状语。The girl

5、was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.(6)不定式的完成式的用法。表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发生的动作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported等动词常用

6、于上面句型。glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成式，但要注意与一般式的区别。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。(说话时还未等)Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。(说话时已等了很久)(7)不定式的省略。同一结构并列由and或or连接。I want to finish my homework and go home.Im really puzzled what to think or say.特例：To be

7、 or not to be，this is a question.It is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。What he did was lose the game.句中含有动词do时，but，except，besides，such as等后面的to可省略。即“前有do，后省to”。Dont do anything silly，such as marry him.主句含有不定式，后面有rather than，rather than后省略to。Why not，had better，would ra

8、ther，cant but等词后省略to。Youd better take it seriously.多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语、主补或宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be的任何形式，to后还应该保留原形have或be。Susan is not what she used to be.You came late last night.You ought to have finished your homework.I know I ought to have.常见的有：Id like/love/

9、be happy to.【即时训练1】用所给动词的适当形式填空1Its important for the figures to be updated(update) regularly.2Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing.but we seem to be losing(lose)the art of communicating facetoface.3If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city to be cheered(ch

10、eer)by their enthusiastic supporters.4The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable to hold(hold)5Simon made a big bamboo box to keep(keep)the little sick bird till it could fly.6Passengers are permitted to carry(carry)only one piece of hand luggag

11、e onto the plane.7More TV programs，according to government officials，will be produced to raise(raise)peoples concern over food safety.8The ability to express(express)an idea is as important as the idea itself.2动名词复习中应注意的几个问题(1)下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest，finish，avoid，cant help，mind，enjoy，require，practise，mi

12、ss，escape，pardon，advise，consider，imagine，keep，appreciate，permit。(2)下列动词短语后接动名词：leave off，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，have trouble/difficulty(in)，devote to，be/get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth。(3)介词后要接动名词；what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等的介词后接动名词。注意on/upon doing

13、 sth.as soon as引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。On his arrival at the station，he found the train had just started.(4)动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin，start，continue，like，love，dislike，hate，prefer，cant stand例句解析1.It began to rain./It began raining.2It was beginning to snow.3I love lying(to lie)on my back.4I like lis

14、tening to music，but today I dont like to.5I dont prefer to swim in the river now.1.意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。2表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember，forget，regret，try例句解析1.I remember to meet her at the station. I remember seeing her once somewhere.2I forgot giving it to you yesterday. I forgot

15、to tell you about it.Now here it is.1.remember to do sth. 记住要做的事 remember doing sth. 回顾过去发生的事2forget to do sth.忘记要做的事forget doing sth.忘记做过的事3I regret not having worked hard. I regret to hear of your sisters death.4Try knocking at the back door. We must try to get everything ready.5That will mean flo

16、oding some land.I had meant to go on Monday.3regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉regret doing sth.对发生过的事后悔4try to do sth.设法，试图做某事try doing sth.试试看，试一试5mean to do sth.打算做，想要做mean doing sth.意味着want，require，need例句解析1.These desks need repairing/to be repaired.2The patient required examining/to be examined.表达意思一样，但

17、用不定式时要用被动形式，用动名词时用主动形式(表被动意义)。【即时训练2】用所给动词的适当形式填空1Its no use complaining(complain)without taking action.2Lydia doesnt feel like studying(study)abroad.Her parents are old.3Being exposed(expose)to the sun will do harm to your skin.4She is afraid of being taken(take)to the public.5Marys coming(come)lat

18、e made her mother angry.3现在分词复习中应注意的几个问题(1)现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。时间状语(分词前面可加when，while等)Hearing the good news，he jumped with great joy.原因状语Not having finished her work in time，the boss fired her.Seeing nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note.伴随状语The girls came in，following their parents.结

19、果状语The poor old man died，leaving nothing to his children.注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性：时间。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般式；如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。语态。与句子主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循“主动进行，被动完成”的规则。人称一致。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。(2)现在分词作表语。主语bev.ing表示主动，主语是物。4过去分词复习中应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语，可转换为相应的状语从句或并列分句，用来说明原因、时间、条件、伴随等。(1)作原因状语Tired by the trip，he so

20、on fell asleep.Because he was tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.As he was lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.(2)作时间状语Seen from the hill，the city looks like a garden.When the city is seen from the hill，it looks like a garden.(3)作条件状语Given more time，I

21、 would have worked out the problem.If I have been given more time，I would have worked out the problem.(4)作伴随状语The teacher came in，followed by some students.The teacher came in and(he)was followed by some students.分词短语作状语时，通常其逻辑主语就是句子的主语；但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。Her grandfather being ill，She

22、had to stay at home looking after him.【即时训练3】用所给动词的适当形式填空1The island，joined(join)to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.2Sit down，Emma.You will only make yourself more tired，keeping(keep) on your feet.3The next thing he saw was smoke rising(rise)from behind the house.4Look over theretheres a v

23、ery long，winding path leading(lead)up to the house.5Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost(lose)for words.6Offered(offer)an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous.7Gathering(gather)around the fire，the tourists danced with the local people.8More highways have b

24、een built in China，making(make)it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.9The players selected(select)from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.10Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues amused(amuse)with her stories.语法与写作根据

25、提示翻译下面的句子1(2013山东高考写作)我盼望收到你的来信。(用动名词作宾语)【导学号：36742159】I am looking forward to hearing from you.2(2013广东高考读写任务)不容怀疑，和社会上其他工作相比较，清洁工的工作更艰难些。(用compared with作状语)There is no doubt that what a cleaner does is harder compared with any other jobs in the society.3(2013湖南高考书面表达)又一次我们在同一地方进行爬山比赛。(用climbing作定语

26、)Once again we had a climbing match at the same place.4(2013江西高考书面表达)沐浴在阳光下，我们高兴地跳跃欢呼。(用bathed作状语)Bathed in the sunshine，we jumped and cheered with joy.感悟高考1(2016江苏高考)In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message within the work.Ato hide BhiddenChiding Dbeing hidden【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：

27、进行艺术评论时，你得假设艺术家在作品中藏了一个隐秘信息。四个选项都是hide的非谓语动词形式，关键看a secret message和hide是什么关系。它们是被动关系，故选B项hidden作后置定语。D项being hidden虽然也表被动，但还表进行，与语境不符。【答案】B2(2016浙江高考)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.Aworking BworkCto work Dworked【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。题干中的do指代前面的have fun，h

28、ave fun doing sth.做某事很开心，是固定搭配，故选A。【答案】A3(2016浙江高考)To return to the problem of water pollution，Id like you to look at a study in Australia in 2012.Ahaving conducted Bto be conductedCconducting Dconducted【解析】考查过去分词(短语)作定语。句意：为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。a study与conduct之间是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。本

29、题中return to是正式用语，表示“再讨论，重新处理(某个主题)”之意。【答案】D4(2015北京高考) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.ACatching BCaughtCTo catch DCatch【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前订了出租车，而且起床很早。此处表目的，应用动词不定式，所以答案为C。【答案】C5(2015重庆高考) in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to beco

30、ming a football star.ABeing raised BRaisingCRaised DTo raise【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：因为他是在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地区被抚养大的，所以他走了一段很长很艰辛的路才成为一位足球明星。句子的主语he和raise是被动关系，因此排除B、D两项。A项Being raised意为“正在被抚养”，显然也不合逻辑。因此只能选择C项Raised，此处用过去分词表被动，过去分词短语在句中作原因状语。【答案】C6(2014湖南高考) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each nee

31、d deep thought and inner quietness.AHaving freed BFreedCTo free DFreeing【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：为了让我们从身体和精神的紧张中解脱出来，我们每一个人都需要深思和内心的平静。we each need deep thought and inner quietness的目的是 ourselves from.，所以用动词不定式短语(to free.)表示目的，将其置于句首是为了突出目的。【答案】C7(2014山东高考)Theres a note pinned to the door when the shop will open again.Asaying BsaysCsaid Dhaving said 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：在门上钉着的那个便