Book III Unit 6读写教案.docx

1、Book III Unit 6读写教案Unit 6 (N.H.C.E. 3)Included in This Unit Are:Section A How to Prepare for EarthquakesSection B Changes in the Balance of NatureREADING AND WRITINGIntroductory words The three selections in this unit deal with the wonderful and mysterious world of nature. The first article consists

2、 of three parts: the preparation for, the proper construction of buildings to withstand, and human emergency planning for earthquakes. The second article tells of the fragile balance of nature and how humans need to protect and save the resources. In spite of the short time span they have occupied t

3、he planet, humans are using up the natural resources and disturbing the balance of nature. We need solutions to all these problems. I. Objectives1. Skills1) reading: skimming2) writing: a general viewpoint that is supported by specific detail3) translating: 2. vocabulary development-word power1) wor

4、ds and expressions detect, wax, withstand, enclose, fasten, occurrence, attach sth to sth, put out, turn off, check in, make a difference, etc. 2) word building: a. compounds b. en-+adj.3. Grammar1) “so that” to introduce a clause of purpose.2) “which” to be referred to the previous main clause.IITe

5、aching ProceduresStep 1: Background Information Some disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions result from the movement of plates along the weaknesses in the Earths crust. The Great Hanshin Earthquake DisasterAt 5:46:51 AM, on January 17, 1995, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurred around K

6、obe（神户） City in Japan. About 170,000 houses were destroyed or severely damaged in Hyogo Prefecture and Osaka(大阪) Prefecture. On February 7, 1995, 5,273 persons were reported to have been killed by the earthquake. Most victims were crushed to death by the collapse of their houses, and burned to death

7、 by the fires that followed the earthquake. The number of refugees is reported to be in excess of 300,000.EarthquakeOne of the most frightening and destructive phenomena of nature is a severe earthquake and its terrible aftereffects. An earthquake is a sudden movement of the Earth, caused by the abr

8、upt release of strain that has accumulated over a long time. For hundreds of millions of years, the forces of plate tectonics （板块运动动力）have shaped the Earth as the huge plates that form the Earths surface slowly move over, under, and past each other. Sometimes the movement is gradual. At other times,

9、 the plates are locked together, unable to release the accumulating energy. When the accumulated energy grows strong enough, the plates break free. If the earthquake occurs in a populated area, it may cause many deaths and injuries and extensive property damage. Richter Scale（ 里氏震级）In the 1930s, a C

10、alifornia seismologist named Charles F. Richter devised a simple numerical scale (which he called the magnitude) to describe the relative sizes of earthquakes, which has come to be called the Richter scale. Since Richter, seismologists have developed a number of magnitude scales. Most of the scales

11、in use in the Western world (such as the moment magnitude scale) are mutually consistent to a sufficient extent that the term Richter scale is routinely used in reporting these numbers to the public. Other scales (and other ways of describing the size of earthquakes) are used in some non-Western cou

12、ntries, and by earthquake specialists. For example, the Japanese scale for measuring the force of earthquakes measures horizontal movement. The press sometimes mistakenly reports such values as Richter magnitude, and this has given rise to public confusion.Expressions related to earthquakes: earthqu

13、ake 地震 shake 震动；摇晃 tremor颤动；震动 temblor 美语 地震 hit 袭击、打击，使遭受 strike 突然发生；打击 jolt 使颠簸，摇晃 rock 摇，摇动，使振动 roll across 波动，起伏，横摇 rip through 裂开，破开；突进，横撞直闯 damage 损害；损伤 destroy 毁坏，破坏；摧残 shatter 破坏；捣毁；破灭 devastate 蹂躏，破坏；使荒废；毁灭 level 推倒，夷平 flatten 夷为平地 seismological 地震学上的 seismology 地震学 seismograph 地震仪 seismog

14、rapher 地震学家 aftershock 余震 smaller tremors 小地震 epicenter 震中 magnitude 震级 Richter Scale(1-10) 里氏震级 at a scale of 7.8 on the Richter calculations 里氏7.8级地震 earthquake monitoring 地震监控 tsunami 海啸 rock and mud slides 泥石流 tsunami warning system 海啸预警系统 tidal waves 潮汐波，浪潮 natural disaster 自然灾害 tragedy 灾难 wrec

15、kage 残骸 death toll 死亡人数 survivors 幸存者 victims 受灾者 international contributions 国际援助 evacuation 撤离 rescue team 救援小组seismic 地震的seismic (seismal; seismical; earthquake) load 地震载荷seismic acceleration 地震加速度; 震动加速度seismic acceleration indicator 地震加速指示计seismic activity 地震活动; 地震活动性seismic amplifier 地震放大器seis

16、mic analysis 地震分析seismic area 地震带; 地震区; 震区seismic belt 地震带; 地震区seismic center 震中seismic cross-section 地震剖面seismic data 地震数据; 地震资料seismic degree 震度seismic design 地震设计seismic detector 地震检波器; 地震仪seismic detector of the displacement 位移式地震检波器seismic detector of the velocity type 速度式地震检波器seismic digital a

17、mplifier 地震数字放大器seismic discontinuity 地震间断面seismic drill 地震孔用钻机seismic dynamic load 地震动力载荷seismic element method 地震元法seismic exploration 地层勘探; 地震探测; 地震探查; 震波勘测seismic exploration vessel 震波勘测船seismic filter 地震滤波器seismic floor joint cover 地面抗震缝盖板seismic focus 地震震源seismic force 地震力seismic gap 地震活动空白地带s

18、eismic hazard 地震危害性seismic head wave 地震首波seismic instrument car 地震仪器车seismic intensity 地震烈度; 地震强度seismic intensity scale 地震强度计seismic investigation 地震探测seismic load 地震荷载seismic map 地震图seismic measurement 地震测验seismic method 地震勘探法seismic method of exploration 地震法勘探; 震波勘测法seismic motion 地震活动; 地震运动seism

19、ic origin 地震成因seismic restraint 耐震seismic risk 地震危险性seismic processing 震波图分析seismic profile 地震剖面seismic record 地震记录seismic record viewer 地震记录观测仪seismic recorder 地震记录仪seismic shock 地震; 地震冲击; 地震震动; 震波冲击seismic signal 地震信号seismic zone 地震带; 地震区seismic zoning 地震区划分seismic-electric effect 震电效应seismic inst

20、rument 地震仪Step 2: Warm-up Exercises: Questions for DiscussionDiscussion: 1. Have you ever been in an earthquake? What do you think you would do first if the room started to shake? Yes, I have been in the Great Tangshan Earthquake Disaster, which brought 240,000 deaths. To my knowledge, therefore, th

21、e moment you realize you are confronted with an earthquake, you must keep cool and avoid being seized with panic. It is foolish of you to run aimlessly or to jump from your building. The best way of saving yourself is to take shelter where you are.1) If you are in class, take shelter under a desk, s

22、hielding your eyes with one hand from the flying fragments of broken glass.2) If you are in a building, resort to narrow rooms, like kitchens, rest rooms, bathrooms, or the staircase rooms, for protection.3) If you are in a single-story house, run as far away from the house and other structures as p

23、ossible when there is enough time for you to do so and when you can still keep your balance; otherwise, shield yourself under a bed/in a corner or attach yourself to a pillar/other concrete structures, covering your mouth and nose with a towel.4) If you are in a workshop, cut off the electricity or

24、the explosive/inflammable gas supplies first and then take shelter under a big machine. In the Tangshan earthquake, for example, all 30 workers in a weaving workshop survived the quake in this way except one, who was killed when running out of the building. 2. How should we prepare for earthquakes?S

25、ince earthquakes occur at any time without fore- warning signs, we should prepare for them as follows: 1) Regularly check and reinforce our houses, place heavy things in low positions, attach cupboards and cabinets to walls.2) Keep in place survival supplies such as water, food, a radio receiver, a

26、torch, extra batteries, a first-aid box, some rope and some warm clothing.3) Arrange an auxiliary cooking and heating source; keep a fire extinguisher, a pair of heavy boots, and other proper tools to turn off gas and water supplies. 4) Make arrangements in case of an earthquake for family members t

27、o save and support themselves.3. If you were going to rent an apartment, would you like to live on the top floor or on the first floor? Explain your choice.-It is true that living on the top floor can bring us many advantages such as the enjoyment of a broad vision, flowing fresh air, and ample sunl

28、ight, but in the event of an emergency , which seems less attractive to us. For one thing, living on the first floor offers me more chances of survival. During the September eleven terrorist attacks on America, for example, those working on the top floor had no option but to stay at the mercy of fat

29、e. For another, living on the first floor is very convenient. And even in case of an earthquake, I could either take shelter where I am or run out of the building if time and opportunity allow. 4 How much do you know about other natural disasters?The contributors to these natural disasters are compl

30、ex and varied. Some disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions result from the movement of plates along the weaknesses in the Earths crust. Many others, like flood, sand storm, and the spread of desert, stem from human activities. Mans mindless enthusiasm for unrestrained economic growth h

31、as led to a sharp decline of forestry, a rapid desertification of farming land, an irreparable depletion of ozone layer, a global worsening of greenhouse effect, and a swift extinction of species, all of which in turn bring about more disasters. Step 3: Text UnderstandingMain idea of the text ?The e

32、ssay focuses on one central theme: How to predict, prevent, and prepare for earthquakes( earthquake prediction, prevention and preparation./)Writing style: A general statement supported by details. General statement 1:To predict when an earthquake is going to happen. ( para. 1) General statement 2: To prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquake. (p