Book III Unit 6读写教案.docx

Book III Unit 6读写教案.docx

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BookIIIUnit6读写教案

Unit6（N.H.C.E.3）

IncludedinThisUnitAre:

SectionAHowtoPrepareforEarthquakes

SectionBChangesintheBalanceofNature

READINGANDWRITING

Introductorywords

Thethreeselectionsinthisunitdealwiththewonderfulandmysteriousworldofnature.Thefirstarticleconsistsofthreeparts:

thepreparationfor,theproperconstructionofbuildingstowithstand,andhumanemergencyplanningforearthquakes.

Thesecondarticletellsofthefragilebalanceofnatureandhowhumansneedtoprotectandsavetheresources.Inspiteoftheshorttimespantheyhaveoccupiedtheplanet,humansareusingupthenaturalresourcesanddisturbingthebalanceofnature.Weneedsolutionstoalltheseproblems.

I.Objectives

1.Skills

1）reading:

skimming

2）writing:

ageneralviewpointthatissupportedbyspecificdetail

3）translating:

2.vocabularydevelopment---wordpower

1）wordsandexpressions

detect,wax,withstand,enclose,fasten,occurrence,attachsthtosth,putout,turnoff,checkin,makeadifference,etc.

2）wordbuilding:

a.compoundsb.en-+adj.

3.Grammar

1）“sothat”tointroduceaclauseofpurpose.

2）“which”tobereferredtothepreviousmainclause.

II．TeachingProcedures

Step1:

BackgroundInformation

SomedisasterssuchasearthquakesandvolcaniceruptionsresultfromthemovementofplatesalongtheweaknessesintheEarth’scrust.

TheGreatHanshinEarthquakeDisaster

At5:

46:

51AM,onJanuary17,1995,amagnitude7.2earthquakeoccurredaroundKobe（神户）CityinJapan.About170,000housesweredestroyedorseverelydamagedinHyogoPrefectureandOsaka（大阪）Prefecture.OnFebruary7,1995,5,273personswerereportedtohavebeenkilledbytheearthquake.Mostvictimswerecrushedtodeathbythecollapseoftheirhouses,andburnedtodeathbythefiresthatfollowedtheearthquake.Thenumberofrefugeesisreportedtobeinexcessof300,000.

Earthquake

Oneofthemostfrighteninganddestructivephenomenaofnatureisasevereearthquakeanditsterribleaftereffects.AnearthquakeisasuddenmovementoftheEarth,causedbytheabruptreleaseofstrainthathasaccumulatedoveralongtime.Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,theforcesofplatetectonics（板块运动动力）haveshapedtheEarthasthehugeplatesthatformtheEarth'ssurfaceslowlymoveover,under,andpasteachother.Sometimesthemovementisgradual.Atothertimes,theplatesarelockedtogether,unabletoreleasetheaccumulatingenergy.Whentheaccumulatedenergygrowsstrongenough,theplatesbreakfree.Iftheearthquakeoccursinapopulatedarea,itmaycausemanydeathsandinjuriesandextensivepropertydamage.

RichterScale（里氏震级）

Inthe1930s,aCaliforniaseismologistnamedCharlesF.Richterdevisedasimplenumericalscale（whichhecalledthemagnitude）todescribetherelativesizesofearthquakes,whichhascometobecalledtheRichterscale.SinceRichter,seismologistshavedevelopedanumberofmagnitudescales.MostofthescalesinuseintheWesternworld（suchasthemomentmagnitudescale）aremutuallyconsistenttoasufficientextentthattheterm"Richterscale"isroutinelyusedinreportingthesenumberstothepublic.Otherscales（andotherwaysofdescribingthesizeofearthquakes）areusedinsomenon-Westerncountries,andbyearthquakespecialists.Forexample,theJapanesescaleformeasuringtheforceofearthquakesmeasureshorizontalmovement.Thepresssometimesmistakenlyreportssuchvaluesas"Richtermagnitude",andthishasgivenrisetopublicconfusion.

Expressionsrelatedtoearthquakes:

earthquake地震

shake震动；摇晃

tremor颤动；震动

temblor[美语]地震

hit袭击、打击，使遭受

strike突然发生；打击

jolt使颠簸，摇晃

rock摇，摇动，使振动

rollacross波动，起伏，横摇

ripthrough裂开，破开；突进，横撞直闯

damage损害；损伤

destroy毁坏，破坏；摧残

shatter破坏；捣毁；破灭

devastate蹂躏，破坏；使荒废；毁灭

level推倒，夷平

flatten夷为平地

seismological地震学上的

seismology地震学

seismograph地震仪

seismographer地震学家

aftershock余震

smallertremors小地震

epicenter震中

magnitude震级

RichterScale（1-10）里氏震级

atascaleof7.8ontheRichtercalculations里氏7.8级地震

earthquakemonitoring地震监控

tsunami海啸

rockandmudslides泥石流

tsunamiwarningsystem海啸预警系统

tidalwaves潮汐波，浪潮

naturaldisaster自然灾害

tragedy灾难

wreckage残骸

deathtoll死亡人数

survivors幸存者

victims受灾者

internationalcontributions国际援助

evacuation撤离

rescueteam救援小组

seismic地震的

seismic（seismal;seismical;earthquake）load地震载荷

seismicacceleration地震加速度;震动加速度

seismicaccelerationindicator地震加速指示计

seismicactivity地震活动;地震活动性

seismicamplifier地震放大器

seismicanalysis地震分析

seismicarea地震带;地震区;震区

seismicbelt地震带;地震区

seismiccenter震中

seismiccross-section地震剖面

seismicdata地震数据;地震资料

seismicdegree震度

seismicdesign地震设计

seismicdetector地震检波器;地震仪

seismicdetectorofthedisplacement位移式地震检波器

seismicdetectorofthevelocitytype速度式地震检波器

seismicdigitalamplifier地震数字放大器

seismicdiscontinuity地震间断面

seismicdrill地震孔用钻机

seismicdynamicload地震动力载荷

seismicelementmethod地震元法

seismicexploration地层勘探;地震探测;地震探查;震波勘测

seismicexplorationvessel震波勘测船

seismicfilter地震滤波器

seismicfloorjointcover地面抗震缝盖板

seismicfocus地震震源

seismicforce地震力

seismicgap地震活动空白地带

seismichazard地震危害性

seismicheadwave地震首波

seismicinstrumentcar地震仪器车

seismicintensity地震烈度;地震强度

seismicintensityscale地震强度计

seismicinvestigation地震探测

seismicload地震荷载

seismicmap地震图

seismicmeasurement地震测验

seismicmethod地震勘探法

seismicmethodofexploration地震法勘探;震波勘测法

seismicmotion地震活动;地震运动

seismicorigin地震成因

seismicrestraint耐震seismicrisk地震危险性

seismicprocessing震波图分析

seismicprofile地震剖面

seismicrecord地震记录

seismicrecordviewer地震记录观测仪

seismicrecorder地震记录仪

seismicshock地震;地震冲击;地震震动;震波冲击

seismicsignal地震信号

seismiczone地震带;地震区

seismiczoning地震区划分

seismic-electriceffect震电效应

seismicinstrument地震仪

Step2:

Warm-upExercises:

QuestionsforDiscussion

Discussion:

1.Haveyoueverbeeninanearthquake?

Whatdoyouthinkyouwoulddofirstiftheroomstartedtoshake?

Yes,IhavebeenintheGreatTangshanEarthquakeDisaster,whichbrought240,000deaths.Tomyknowledge,therefore,themomentyourealizeyouareconfrontedwithanearthquake,youmustkeepcoolandavoidbeingseizedwithpanic.Itisfoolishofyoutorunaimlesslyortojumpfromyourbuilding.Thebestwayofsavingyourselfistotakeshelterwhereyouare.

1）Ifyouareinclass,takeshelterunderadesk,shieldingyoureyeswithonehandfromtheflyingfragmentsofbrokenglass.

2）Ifyouareinabuilding,resorttonarrowrooms,likekitchens,restrooms,bathrooms,orthestaircaserooms,forprotection.

3）Ifyouareinasingle-storyhouse,runasfarawayfromthehouseandotherstructuresaspossiblewhenthereisenoughtimeforyoutodosoandwhenyoucanstillkeepyourbalance;otherwise,shieldyourselfunderabed/inacornerorattachyourselftoapillar/otherconcretestructures,coveringyourmouthandnosewithatowel.

4）Ifyouareinaworkshop,cutofftheelectricityortheexplosive/inflammablegassuppliesfirstandthentakeshelterunderabigmachine.IntheTangshanearthquake,forexample,all30workersinaweavingworkshopsurvivedthequakeinthiswayexceptone,whowaskilledwhenrunningoutofthebuilding.

2.Howshouldweprepareforearthquakes?

Sinceearthquakesoccuratanytimewithoutfore-warningsigns,weshouldprepareforthemasfollows:

1）Regularlycheckandreinforceourhouses,placeheavythingsinlowpositions,attachcupboardsandcabinetstowalls.

2）Keepinplacesurvivalsuppliessuchaswater,food,aradioreceiver,atorch,extrabatteries,afirst-aidbox,someropeandsomewarmclothing.

3）Arrangeanauxiliarycookingandheatingsource;keepafireextinguisher,apairofheavyboots,andotherpropertoolstoturnoffgasandwatersupplies.

4）Makearrangementsincaseofanearthquakeforfamilymemberstosaveandsupportthemselves.

3.Ifyouweregoingtorentanapartment,wouldyouliketoliveonthetopfloororonthefirstfloor?

Explainyourchoice.-----Itistruethatlivingonthetopfloorcanbringusmanyadvantagessuchastheenjoymentofabroadvision,flowingfreshair,andamplesunlight,butintheeventofanemergency,whichseemslessattractivetous..Foronething,livingonthefirstflooroffersmemorechancesofsurvival.DuringtheSeptembereleventerroristattacksonAmerica,forexample,thoseworkingonthetopfloorhadnooptionbuttostayatthemercyoffate.Foranother,livingonthefirstfloorisveryconvenient.Andevenincaseofanearthquake,IcouldeithertakeshelterwhereIamorrunoutofthebuildingiftimeandopportunityallow.

4．Howmuchdoyouknowaboutothernaturaldisasters?

Thecontributorstothesenaturaldisastersarecomplexandvaried.SomedisasterssuchasearthquakesandvolcaniceruptionsresultfromthemovementofplatesalongtheweaknessesintheEarth’scrust.Manyothers,likeflood,sandstorm,andthespreadofdesert,stemfromhumanactivities.Man’smindlessenthusiasmforunrestrainedeconomicgrowthhasledtoasharpdeclineofforestry,arapiddesertificationoffarmingland,anirreparabledepletionofozonelayer,aglobalworseningofgreenhouseeffect,andaswiftextinctionofspecies,allofwhichinturnbringaboutmoredisasters.

Step3:

TextUnderstanding

Mainideaofthetext?

Theessayfocusesononecentraltheme:

Howtopredict,prevent,andprepareforearthquakes

（earthquakeprediction,preventionandpreparation./）

Writingstyle:

Ageneralstatementsupportedbydetails.

Generalstatement1:

Topredictwhenanearthquakeisgoingtohappen.（para.1）

↓

Generalstatement2:

Topreventthegreatdestructionofpropertycausedbyearthquake.（p