中考英语专题定语从句知识归纳+随堂练习.docx

1、中考英语专题定语从句知识归纳+随堂练习中考英语专题-定语从句知识归纳+随堂练习中考英语专题讲解-定语从句【相关概念】1. 功能：在句中作定语，相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词。 2. 位置：放在被修饰名词之后。3. 先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词为先行词。（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some, any, every,no与body, thing ,one的合成词；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。（2）先行词与关系词是对等关系。必须注意两点：先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词决定。He is the

2、 person who was praised by captain yesterday. 关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。They are the persons who the captain praised yesterday. 4. 关系词：引导定语从句的词都叫关系词。关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。关系副词：when, where, why。【关系词的确定】1. 在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which。（1）先行词被形容词最高级，序数词，数词几种词修饰或被

3、only，any，few，little，no，all，one of等修饰时。（2）先行词为all，much，little，none，few，one，something，anything等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。He often recalls the persons and things that he experienced in university. （4）先行词在主句中作表语或关系词在从句中作表语时。The school is no longer the one that was 3 years ago. （5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。Which are th

4、e problems that you told me last week?2. 关系词宜用which而不用that的情况。（1）在非限制性定语从句中（2）在关系词前有介词时（3）当先行词本身是that时（4）当关系词离先行词较远时3. 关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。（2）先行词是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等词时，关系词用who。（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Who is the man that is talking with John?（4）wh

5、om在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。Do you know Mr. Black whose son is a doctor?There is a room whose windows are broken. 4. 关系代词as引导定语从句的用法。（1）先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many / much中，从句都用as 引导。注意区别：such that 引导结果状语从句。They are such lovely children that we love them much.the same that 引导定语从句。I

6、want to use the same tool that you used just now. （2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。区别：意义上：as 含有“这点正如一样”。位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在其他位置。5. 关系副词when，where，why，that。 when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which where 指地点 = in / at / from which why 指原因 = for which当先行词为way，day，reason，time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）I dont like the way

7、 that / in which he talks. 当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French. 【需注意的问题】（1）定语从句中谓语的数。（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。It is the factory that we visited last year. (强调句)It was in the shop t

8、hat I met Jack. （强调句）（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。We all know the fact that our manager has been to Beijing.(同位语)This is the truth that everyone can understand. (定语)（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。关系词作宾语，前无介词时。 关系词作表语。（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能

9、是which和whom。 【随堂练习】1、By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma appeared a rare rainbow soon . A. of whichB. on which C. from whichD. above which D此题关键是介词的确定，彩虹当然出现在山峰之上，故用介词above。2、The man pulled out a gold watch, _were made of small diamonds. A. the hands

10、 of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which D表的手链是由小的钻石做成的。表所属关系。请参阅：The man pulled out a gold watch, whose hands / the hands of which / of which the handswere made of small diamonds. 3、They will fly to Washington，_ they plan to stay for two or three days. A. where B. t

11、here C. which D. when A先行词Washington为地点，在定语从句中作状语4、The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where A定语从句的谓语动词visited缺宾语，所以应该用关系代词，又此处为非限制性定语从句。5、It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of hi

12、s childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where C本题并非考查定语从句，而是强调句型。6、Occasions are quite rare _I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A. who B. which C. why D. whenD本题考查隔离定语从句。先行词为occasions，为了避免主语过长，将其定语从句放到了谓语动词之后。而从句中不缺主干成分。7、The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more tha

13、n we could expect. A. it B. what C. which D. that C非限制性定语从句，关系代词所表示的意义为前一句话的内容。8、It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. A. that B. how C. which D. when A本题并非考查定语从句，而是强调句型。9、The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _are beyond our control. A. most of them B.

14、most of which C. most of what D. most of thatB非限制性定语从句，表示关系代词所表示的意义为先行词的一部分，又介词后应用which。10、Ill give you my friends home address, _ I can be reached most evenings.A. which B. when C. whom D. where 二、英语书面表达专项训练2请你根据以下内容提示,为学校广播站英语专栏写一篇短文,介绍发生在你好朋友王强Wang Qiang身上的一件事。1.上周一放学后Wang Qiang骑车回家,在十字路口,看到一位老太太

15、正要过马路。2.当时交通灯坏了,所有车辆都一个接一个通过十字路口。3.老太太犹豫不决,不敢独自穿过十字路口。4.王强看到这种情况,主动上前拦住了车辆领着老人安全过了路口。5.请就此事谈谈你的看法.要求: 1.短文要包括以上所有要点。2.行文连贯,可适当发挥。3.词数:80-100。开头部分已给出,不计入总词数。参考词汇:十字路口 crossroads 在犹豫不决 hesitate inLast Monday Wang Qiang rode his bike back home._【答案】Last Monday Wang Qiang rode his bike back home. On his

16、 way home, at a crossroads he saw an old lady going across the road. Because the traffic lights didnt work at that time, all the traffic crossed the road without stopping one by one. The lady hesitated in whether she should cross it, but she was afraid to do that When Wang Qiang saw that, he offered

17、 to stop the traffic with his bike in order to lead her to cross the road safely.In my opinion, Wang Qiang is such a good example that we should learn from him. At the same time we also suggest that all the drivers should let people cross first and then traffic when this situation happens.【解析】【分析】这是

18、一篇给材料作文，介绍发生在我的好朋友王强身上的一件事。【详解】结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时，人称为第三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式的应用，比如：The lady hesitated，but she was afraid，he offered to，Wang Qiang is.等句式的应用。写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。【点睛】本文结构紧凑，语言简练。开头介绍了王强骑车回家的路上看见一位老太太不敢过马路，接下来介绍他主动上前拦住了车辆领着老人安全过了路口，最后我就这件事谈谈我的想法

19、。此处on ones way, see sb doing sth, at that time, without doing sth, offer to do sth, learn from等这些词组的运用也让文章增色不少。3手机在生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色，许多中学生沉迷于手机无法自拔，比如你的好友Miller.请根据以下提示点写一篇短文：1. 去年，Miller对手机游戏非常入迷，而且花大量时间用手机聊天看电影；2. Miller与家人和朋友交流甚少，离开手机会很焦虑；3. 昨天还因为走路看手机被自行车撞了，膝盖受伤；4. 你的建议参考词汇：mobile games手机游戏anxious焦

20、虑be crazy about对入迷要求：1字数80-100个2开头已经给出不计入总词数3要点齐全，行为连贯，适当发挥Today more and more people are addicted to(沉迷）playing the mobile phones. Last year, My friend Miller was 【答案】Today more and more people are addicted to(沉迷）playing the mobile phones. Last year，My friend Miller was crazy about mobile games as

21、well. He spent too much time in chatting and watching films on the phone. Miller hardly talked with his family and friends. He lived in his own world. He felt very anxious without mobile phones. Yesterday he was hit by a bike, because he was watching his phone at that moment. As a result, he hurt hi

22、s knees badly.In my opinion, I think we cant use the mobile phones for a long time, I mean, no more than half an hour a day. Dont take mobile phones to school. A mobile phone is just a kind of tool, not our whole life.【解析】【详解】这是一篇给材料作文。首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；再紧扣要点，动笔写作，可适当发

23、挥。在写作时，注意连句成篇，保持文章的连贯性，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。4小明在朋友圈发了一段文字，表达了自己的苦恼，假如你是他的朋友，请回复他，表达你的观点，并给他一些你的建议。要求不少于80个字。Hi, Xiao Ming! 【答案】例文Hi, Xiao Ming! In my opinion, you have to take a long talk

24、 with your parents. On the one hand, You should let them know that youre serious about learning art and youre clever enough to plan the future for yourself. Interest comes first, and one can do better in everything if it is connected with their interest. So this is the best chance for you to achieve

25、 your dream, though its just the very beginning to enter an art school. On the other hand, you should be understanding with your parents because they really care about you. They want you to be better. But everything may happen if you attend Zhong Kao. If you fail, both your dream and your parents wi

26、sh wont be able to be realized. Thats the worse thing nobody wants to see. Simply put, keep your dream! Communicate more with you parents, and ask your teacher for help if necessary!【解析】【详解】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如in my opinion，have to do，take a long talk with，on the one/other hand，enough to do，c

27、onnect with，care about，want you to be better，both and，be able to，ask for help等。而并列结构Communicate more with you parents, and ask your teacher for help if necessary!和You should let them know that youre serious about learning art and youre clever enough to plan the future for yourself./ So this is the b

28、est chance for you to achieve your dream, though its just the very beginning to enter an art school./ If you fail, both your dream and your parents wish wont be able to be realized.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。【点睛】书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材

29、料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。5书面表达假如你是英语俱乐部的Cathy,上周五你们收到了外教Angel为同学们网购的英文书籍。俱乐部的同学们很喜欢网购图书这种便捷的方式，并打算在本周五交流读书后的感受。请你根据以下信息, 给Angel写一封电子邮件，告诉她俱乐部的活动情况，并说说网购图书的好处。写作要点：1表达收到图书后的喜悦与感激之情。2介绍活动的情况：（l）上周五，俱乐部成员们一起读英文书。（2）本周五的下午3点，大家将共同交流读书的体会。（3）同学们将在下个月网购其他的英文书。3说一说网上购书有什么好处。写作要求：