最全高中英语定语从句经典考点归纳总结及经典对比训练题.docx

1、最全高中英语定语从句经典考点归纳总结及经典对比训练题高中英语定语从句高中英语教师 赵宝丽. 概念：(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词(名词或代词)，短语，或整个主句。(3) 引导定语从句的词叫引导词，又叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：1) 连接作用：引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2) 在定语从句中充当句子成份（主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）3）指代先行词. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。2. 语法上

2、，非限制性定语从句一般不用that、why引导.3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。Beijing, which has been Chinas capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。4. 翻译时，

3、限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为的字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。比较: He has a sister, who is a musician. He has a sister who is a musician.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose ，which , as; 关系副词when，where.1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2. Toms father, who arrived jus

4、t now, is a famous scientist. 几个关系代词的基本用法： that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?2. You can take anything ( that) you like. 3. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?4. Here is t

5、he man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.5. Shes no longer the girl that she used to be before. which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting. who, whom, whose:who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只

6、可指人whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人whose: 属格，是who的所有格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。1. I like the students who/that work hard. 2. All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)3. Hes a man from whom we should learn. = Hes a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.4. A child whose parents

7、are dead is called an orphan.5. Id like a room whose window faces south. =Id like a room of which the window faces south. =Id like a room the window of which faces south. as 的用法:(as 引导限制性和非限制性定语从句, 先行词可以指人或者物，as在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)1 as引导限制性定语从句的，多用于the same as ; such as ; as as；so as等结构中,as不能省略。如： 1. I

8、have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。2. Dont do such things as you are not sure about. 比较：This is the same bike that I lost two months ago.（同类同物）This is the same bike as I lost two months ago.(同类异物)比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can l

9、ift it.（结果状语从句）2 as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容，从句可放在主句前，主句后、主句中间。译为正如，这一点。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . (as 作宾语，先行词是前面整个句子，)=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to ones health . （as 作主语）=Smoking is harmful to ones health, as we all know .（as

10、作宾语）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one health.as引导非限制定语从句常用的固定表达：as we all know 众所周知 as is well know 众所周知 as you see如你所见 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样 as often happens正如经常发生的那样 as I can remember 正如我所记得的 as has been said before如前所述 as iswas expected正如预料的那样 as can be seen 正如所见 as may be imagined正如可以

11、想象出来的那样关系代词指代的先行词在从句中所作的成分that指人或物主语、宾语、表语which指物主语、宾语、表语who指人主语、宾语whom指人宾语whose指人或物定语as指人或物主语、宾语、表语. 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:that & which:在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样。先行词指物时只用that, 而不用which 的情况. 先行词为不定代词,all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等, 1. We should do

12、all that is useful to the people.2. Theres nothing that can be said about it .3. Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?4. All that can be done has been done. = What can be done has been done. 先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。1. The only thing that we could do was to wa

13、it.2. Thats the very word that is wrongly used.3. The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year. *This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year. 先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。1. When we talk about Wuxi, the first th

14、at comes into mind is Tai Lake.2. This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term. 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。1. This is the best that can be done now.2. The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on. 先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 如： The writer

15、and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known . 被修饰词为数词时. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive . 如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。Edison built up a factory which produced things that had neve

16、r been seen before. 疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。1. Which is the book that you like best?2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate? 主句是There be 结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如： There is still a seat in the corner that is still free. 被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句to be表语时,该关系代词宜用that . 1. Thats a good b

17、ook that will help you a lot.2. My home village is no longer the place that it used to be .3.He isnt the boy that he used to be.定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况: 当关系代词的前面有介词时. 1. A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2. Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? 在非限制性定语从句中.

18、More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming popular in our country. 在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which . Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 当关系代词后面带有插入语时. Heres the English grammar which, as I have told you, wi

19、ll help improve your English. 先行词本身是that, 宜用which . Whats that which she is looking at? 先行词是those+复数名词. A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. who & that:先行词指人时，只用who, 不用that的情况 先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时. 如：1. The person I want to learn from is

20、 the one who studies hard and works well.2. Anyone who (= Whoever ) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.3. Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once. 在There be 结构中，先行词指人时定语从句用关系代词who 引导. 如：1. There is a gentleman who wants to see you .2. There are seve

21、ral students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses. as & which: as & which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：位置的不同：which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. =Jack is

22、an honest man , as you know. =As you know, Jack is an honest man. 先行词的不同：as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。1. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.2. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子）3. He is an honest man, as is known

23、to all. as 一般译为正如 就像，这一点as we all know； as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined. 表示顺从关系用as； 表示转折、因果关系用which He has passed the exam, as we expect. He has passed the exam, which we dont expect. Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light. as后面多加

24、系动词，which后面多加实义动词 The earth travels around the sun, as is known to all.Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light. 关系副词引导的定语从句: When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词：time, day, week, year, month, etc.He came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be bette

25、r.注意：先行词为时间名词，当定语从句缺少状语时用when引导，when在定语从句中作时间状语；当定语从句缺少主语或者宾语时用which或that 引导。比较: 1. I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语）2. I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语） Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词：place, school, factory, room, etc. This is t

26、he place where I was born. I live in the room where /in which he used to live. 注意：先行词是地点名词，当定语从句缺少状语时用where引导，where在定语从句中作地点状语；当定语从句缺少主语或者宾语时用which或that 引导。 比较: 1. This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作状语）2. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you woul

27、d fail.3. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where hes likely to lose control of the plane.4. This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语） Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。当定语从句缺少状语时用why引导，why在定语从句中作原因状语；当定语从句缺少主语或者宾语时用which或that 引导，先行词一般为reason 时，可用for which指代。 1. The reason why / for which

28、 / (that) he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.2. I dont believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作宾语） 3. Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主语）关系副词指代先行词所作的从句的成分介词+关系代词when时间名词时间状语oninduring等+whichwhere地点名词地点状语inaton等+whichwhyreason原因状语for + which 介词+关系代词（介词

29、+ whom / which）引导的定语从句在定语从句中，“介词+关系代词”结构是考试重点，关系代词只能用which指物，用whom指人，不可以用that。使用“介词+关系词”结构，关键是要确定其中的介词。归纳起来，有以下几种方法：1、根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词。如： In the dark street， there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的大街上，没有一个她可以向之求助的人。（注意相关搭配turn to sb for help“向某人求助”）注意；有些固定短语动词如listen to，

30、look at，look after， depend on， look for， take care of， hear ofaboutfrom, care for, look forward, pay attention to, 等短语里面的介词都不可前置。 The boy （whom） my sister is looking after is getting better不能说成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better.2、根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词。如： He was generous with hi

31、s time， for which I was grateful. 他在时间方面很慷慨，对此我非常感激。（注意相关搭配be grateful for“对感激”） 我们应该多记一些相关的结构，如be interested in， be famous for， be pleased with， be satisfied with，be popular with， be good at， be proud of等等。3、根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词。如： This is our classroom， in front of which there is a teachers desk. 这是我们的教室，前面是老师的讲台。（注意相关搭配in front of our classroom） Ill never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 我永远不会忘记