计算机专业英语复习重点.docx

1、计算机专业英语复习重点1Software,as we mentioned,is another name for programs.Programs are the instructions that tell the computer how to process data into the form you want. In most cases ,the words software and programs are interchangeable.There are two major kinds of software:system software and application

2、software.You can think of application software as the kind of you use.Think of system software as the kind the computer use.2system unit系统单元:The system unit is a container that houses most of the electric components that make up a computer system.Two important components of the system unit are the m

3、icroprocessor and memory.The microprocessor controls and manipulates data to produce information.Many times the microprocessor is contained within a protective cartridge.Memory,also known as primary storage or random access memory(RAM),holds data and program instructions for processing the data.It a

4、lso holds the processed information before it is output.Memory is sometimes referred to as temporary storage because its contends will typically be lost if the electrical power to the computer is disappeared.3connectivity通讯 is the capability of your microcomputer to share information with other comp

5、uters.The single most dramatic change in connectivity in the past five years has been the widespread use of mobile or wireless communication devices.For just a few of these devices,many experts predict that these wireless applications are just the beginning of the wireless revolution,a revolution th

6、at is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology.4search tools搜索工具:The web can be an incredible resource,providing information on nearly any topic imaginable.Are you planning a trip?Writing an economics paper?Looking for a movie review?Trying to locate a long-

7、lost friend?Information sources related to these questions ,and much,much more,are available on the web.5search engines搜索引擎 are specialized programs that assist you in locating information on the web and the Internet.To find information,you go to a search services website and use its search engine.T

8、his search engine,like most others,provides two different search approaches.6FTP文件传输协议:File transfer protocol is an Internet standard for transferring files.Many computers on the Internet allow you to copy files to your computer.This is called downloading.You also can use FTP to copy files from your

9、 computer to another computer on the Internet.This is called uploading.7Filters过滤器 block access to selected sites.The Internet is an interesting and multifaceted arena.But one of those facets is a dark and seamy one.Parents,in particular,are concerned about children roaming unrestricted across the I

10、nternet.Filer programs allow parents as well as organizations to block out selected sites and set time limits.Additionally,these programs can monitor use and generate reports detailing the total time spent on the Internet and the time spent at individual websites,chat groups,and newsgroups.For a lis

11、t of some of the best-known filters.8word processors 文字处理器create text-based documents and are one of the most flexible and widely used software tools.All type of people and organizations use word processors to create memos,letters and faxes.Organizations create newsletters,manuals,and brochures to p

12、rovide information to their customers.Students and researchers use word processors to create reports.Word processors can even be used to create personalized web pages.9Spreadsheet电子表格 programs organize,analyze,and graph numeric data such as budgets and financial reports.Once used exclusively by acco

13、untants,spreadsheets are widely used by nearly every profession.Marketing professionals analyze sales tends.Financial analysts evaluate and graph stock market trends.Students and teachers record grades and calculate grade point averages.10An integrated package集成包 is a single program that provides th

14、e functionality of a word processor,spreadsheet,database manager,and more.The primary disadvantage of an integrated package is that the capabilities of each function are not as extensive as in the individual programs.The primary advantages are cost and simplicity.The cost of an integrated package is

15、 much less than the cost of the individual powerful,professional-grade application programs discussed thus far in this chapter.Integrated packages are popular with many home users and are sometimes classified as personal or home software.The most widely used integrated packages are Microsoft Works a

16、nd Apple Works.11Asoftware suite软件套件 is a collection of separate application programs bundled together and sold as a group.While the applications function exactly the same whether purchased in a suite or separately,it is significantly less expensive to buy a suite of application than to buy each app

17、lication separately.There are four types of suites.12Desktop publishing programs桌面发布程序,or page layout programs,allow you to mix text and graphics to create publications of professional quality.While word processors focus on creating text and have the ability to combine text and graphics,desktop publ

18、ishers focus on page design and layout and provide greater flexibility.Professional graphic artists use desktop publishing programs to create documents such as brochures,newsletter,newspaper,and textbooks.13LINKS AND BUTTONS链接和按钮:An interactive multimedia presentation is typically organized as a ser

19、ies of related pages.Each page presents information and provides links,or connections to related information.These links can be to video,sound,graphics,and text files,and to other pages and resources.By clicking special areas called buttons on a page,you can select one,several,or none of them.You ar

20、e in control.You direct the flow and content of presentation.14Web authoring网页制作:You have probably interacted with a multimedia presentation on a website.There are over half a million commercial websites on the Internet,and hundreds more are being added every day.Corporations use the web to reach ne

21、w customers and promote their products.Many individuals create their own personal sites,called Web logs or blogs,to keep in touch with friends and family.Creating a site is called web authoring.It begins with site design followed by creation of document file that displays the websites content.15Syst

22、em software:Operating systems coordinate computer resources,provide an interface between users and the computer,and run applications.Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources.Device drive are specialized programs that allow particular input or output devices to communic

23、ate with rest of the computer system.Language translators convert the programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process.16FEATURES特点:Strating or restarting a computer is called booting the system.There are two ways to boot a computer:a warm boot an

24、d a cold boot.A warm boot occurs when the computer is already on and you restart it without turning off the power.A warm boot can be accomplished in several ways.For example,in Windows XP,a running computer can be restarted by pressing a sequence of keys.Starting a computer that has been turned off

25、is called a cold boot.17Microsofts Windows is by far the most popular microcomputer operating system today with over 90 percent of the market.Because its market is so large,more application programs are developed to run under Windows than any other operating system.Windows comes in a variety of diff

26、erent versions and is designed to run with Intel-compatible microprocessors such as the Pentium.For a summary of Microsofts desktop operating systems.18Device drivers设备驱动程序:Every device,such as a mouse or printer that is connected to a computer system has a special program associated with it.This pr

27、ogram,called a device driver or simply a driver,works with the operating system to allow communication between the device and the rest of the computer system.Each time the computer is started,the operating system loads all of the device drivers into memory.19The system unit系统单元,also known as the sys

28、tem cabinet is a container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system.All computer systems have a system unit.For microcomputers,there are four basic types:Desktop system units, Notebook system units,Tablet PC system units,and Hand held computer system units.20The s

29、ystem board系统板 is also known as the motherboard.The system board is the communications medium for the entire computer system.Every component of the system unit connects to the system board.It acts as a data path allowing the various components to communicate with one another.External devices such as

30、 the keyboard,mouse,and monitor could not communicate with the system unit without the system board.21Stockets套接字 provide a connection point for small specialized electronic parts of tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of sand-like material called silicon.These circuit boards can be smaller than

31、 the tip of your finger.A clip is also called a silicon chip,semiconductor,or integrated circuit.Chips are mounted on carrier packages.These packages either plug directly into sockets are used to connect the system board to variety of different types of chips,including microprocessor and memory chip

32、s.22Microprocessor微处理器:In a microcomputer system,the central processing unit or processor is contained on a single chip is called the microprocessor.The microprocessor is either mounted into a carrier package that plugs into the system board or contained within a cartridge that plugs into a special

33、slot on the system board.The microprocessor is the brains of the computer system.It has two basic components:the control unit and the arithmetic-logic unit.23RAM随机存取存贮器 :Random-access memory chips hold the program and data that the CPU is presently processing.RAM is called temporary or volatile storage because everything in most types o